過(guò)去分詞用法與高考課件高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)

過(guò)去分詞用法歸納一、作表語(yǔ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn‘tfeel

challenged(challenge).(2018新課標(biāo)III卷)Whenthepoemis

finished,Iclosethebookandmysadness

is

gone.兩種分詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別形式現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞共同點(diǎn)

無(wú)名詞特征,不能作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。有形容詞的特征,可以作表語(yǔ)。形容詞化后多表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài),可被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾。不同點(diǎn)

多含有“令人……”之意,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征,表示主動(dòng)。

一般表示主語(yǔ)所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài),含有“感到…”之意,主語(yǔ)多是人。二、作賓補(bǔ)

Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues

amusedwithherstories.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.(2020年新課標(biāo)II卷)Alexandertriedtoget

hiswork

recognizedinthemedicalcircles.Everygreatcultureinthepasthad

itsownideasofbeauty

expressedinartandarchitecture.They

wanted

theirbuildingsconstructedinawaytolookunnatural.

Pleaseget

theworkdoneassoonaspossible.Iwantyoutokeep

me

informedofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.過(guò)去分詞作作賓補(bǔ)用于感官動(dòng)詞和make,have,want,get,keep,wouldlike等特定動(dòng)詞或介詞with后,表示句中其賓語(yǔ)所承受的被動(dòng)行為。三、作定語(yǔ)Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.(2017北京卷)

EarthDay,marked(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019年北京卷)I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition

advertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld

(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷)Ilikeeatingfried

tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.(2020新課標(biāo)I卷)

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被修飾的詞語(yǔ)是其邏輯主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)幼鞒惺苷?。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有兩種情況：1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)行為(如上例)。2.不及物動(dòng)詞一般不用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)形式，而用單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示

已經(jīng)完成的主動(dòng)。Thefallen

leavescanbeusedtocook.

Retired

workersoftengetasmuchpayaswhenheretired.

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也一樣：不及物動(dòng)詞僅表示已經(jīng)完成的行為。

Thedayswhenwesufferedfromsomediseasesaregone.四、作狀語(yǔ)

IdeallylocatedforBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotel

isafavouritewithmanyguests.

Drivenbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.

Completedin1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.(2020天津卷)

Paintedred,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.

Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwoweeksonthefarm.

Facedwithadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons

finishedfortheday.

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若不是獨(dú)立成分或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，則句子主語(yǔ)必是其動(dòng)作承受者。

Giventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.

當(dāng)句中主語(yǔ)是作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者時(shí)，作條件狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞。

Seenfromthetop,the2008OlympicStadium

inBeijinglooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.United,

we

stand;

divided,

we

fall.條件狀語(yǔ)

Seenfromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.Lefttoitselfintheroom,thebabybegantocry.

Askedwhyhedidit,themonitorsaiditwashisduty.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Surroundedbyhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.

Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.

Mailedoutautomaticallythee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.

Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.Defeatedagain,hedidn’tloseheart.

讓步狀語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(尤其是分詞)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其所表示的情況有時(shí)可以在其前面加上連詞when,while,if,once,though,unless,as

if,even

if

等,這種“連詞+分詞”作狀語(yǔ)可看作在連詞與分詞之間省略了與句子主語(yǔ)相同的主語(yǔ)及助動(dòng)詞be。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Even

if(I

were)invitedtotheparty,Iwouldn’tgo.If

(I

am)given

another

chance,

I

will

do

it

much

better.有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞或代詞賓格+分詞：Withthe

lights

burning,hefellasleep.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若句子的主語(yǔ)不是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，且又不是獨(dú)立成分，則該分詞前必須加上自己特定的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種獨(dú)立于句子之外的主格結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her

homework

finished,

Jessica

went

out

for

a

walk.

The

question

settled,

the

meeting

ended.

有時(shí)“邏輯主語(yǔ)+分詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可由with引出：With

the

question

settled,

the

meeting

ended.決定是否用過(guò)去分詞的兩個(gè)關(guān)系決定因素區(qū)別時(shí)間關(guān)系表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在的“狀態(tài)”：Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.Iwantyoutokeepme

informedofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.邏輯關(guān)系句子主語(yǔ)是其邏輯上的承受者，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系(不及物動(dòng)詞除外)：Givenmoreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì)，他本來(lái)會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困難時(shí)，我們必須設(shè)法克服。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）的功能及其邏輯主語(yǔ)功能邏輯主語(yǔ)例句賓補(bǔ)賓語(yǔ)FrankLloydWright,foundhimself

inspiredbyJapaneseseashells.表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Thousandsofholidaymakersremainedstuckabroad.定語(yǔ)被飾詞Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechanged

conditions.狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Facedwithso