過去分詞用法與高考課件高考英語復(fù)習(xí)

過去分詞用法歸納一、作表語Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn‘tfeel

challenged(challenge).(2018新課標(biāo)III卷)Whenthepoemis

finished,Iclosethebookandmysadness

is

gone.兩種分詞(短語)作表語的特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別形式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞共同點(diǎn)

無名詞特征,不能作主語和賓語。有形容詞的特征,可以作表語。形容詞化后多表示主語的特征、性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài),可被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾。不同點(diǎn)

多含有“令人……”之意,說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征,表示主動(dòng)。

一般表示主語所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài),含有“感到…”之意,主語多是人。二、作賓補(bǔ)

Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues

amusedwithherstories.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.(2020年新課標(biāo)II卷)Alexandertriedtoget

hiswork

recognizedinthemedicalcircles.Everygreatcultureinthepasthad

itsownideasofbeauty

expressedinartandarchitecture.They

wanted

theirbuildingsconstructedinawaytolookunnatural.

Pleaseget

theworkdoneassoonaspossible.Iwantyoutokeep

me

informedofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.過去分詞作作賓補(bǔ)用于感官動(dòng)詞和make,have,want,get,keep,wouldlike等特定動(dòng)詞或介詞with后,表示句中其賓語所承受的被動(dòng)行為。三、作定語Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimespentwithhisstudents.(2017北京卷)

EarthDay,marked(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019年北京卷)I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition

advertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld

(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷)Ilikeeatingfried

tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.(2020新課標(biāo)I卷)

過去分詞作定語時(shí)，被修飾的詞語是其邏輯主語——?jiǎng)幼鞒惺苷?。過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)有兩種情況：1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞短語表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)行為(如上例)。2.不及物動(dòng)詞一般不用過去分詞短語形式，而用單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，表示

已經(jīng)完成的主動(dòng)。Thefallen

leavescanbeusedtocook.

Retired

workersoftengetasmuchpayaswhenheretired.

過去分詞作表語時(shí)也一樣：不及物動(dòng)詞僅表示已經(jīng)完成的行為。

Thedayswhenwesufferedfromsomediseasesaregone.四、作狀語

IdeallylocatedforBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotel

isafavouritewithmanyguests.

Drivenbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.

Completedin1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.(2020天津卷)

Paintedred,thebuildingstandsoutamongtherestandlooksveryattractive.

Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwoweeksonthefarm.

Facedwithadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons

finishedfortheday.

過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，若不是獨(dú)立成分或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，則句子主語必是其動(dòng)作承受者。

Giventime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.

當(dāng)句中主語是作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者時(shí)，作條件狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。

Seenfromthetop,the2008OlympicStadium

inBeijinglooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.United,

we

stand;

divided,

we

fall.條件狀語

Seenfromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.Lefttoitselfintheroom,thebabybegantocry.

Askedwhyhedidit,themonitorsaiditwashisduty.時(shí)間狀語

Surroundedbyhisstudents,theprofessorsattherecheerfully.

Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.

Mailedoutautomaticallythee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.

Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhiswife.方式/伴隨狀語Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.Defeatedagain,hedidn’tloseheart.

讓步狀語

非謂語動(dòng)詞(尤其是分詞)作狀語時(shí)，視其所表示的情況有時(shí)可以在其前面加上連詞when,while,if,once,though,unless,as

if,even

if

等,這種“連詞+分詞”作狀語可看作在連詞與分詞之間省略了與句子主語相同的主語及助動(dòng)詞be。狀語從句的省略Even

if(I

were)invitedtotheparty,Iwouldn’tgo.If

(I

am)given

another

chance,

I

will

do

it

much

better.有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞或代詞賓格+分詞：Withthe

lights

burning,hefellasleep.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

分詞作狀語時(shí)，若句子的主語不是其邏輯主語，且又不是獨(dú)立成分，則該分詞前必須加上自己特定的邏輯主語。這種獨(dú)立于句子之外的主格結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her

homework

finished,

Jessica

went

out

for

a

walk.

The

question

settled,

the

meeting

ended.

有時(shí)“邏輯主語+分詞”獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可由with引出：With

the

question

settled,

the

meeting

ended.決定是否用過去分詞的兩個(gè)關(guān)系決定因素區(qū)別時(shí)間關(guān)系表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，或與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在的“狀態(tài)”：Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.Iwantyoutokeepme

informedofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.邏輯關(guān)系句子主語是其邏輯上的承受者，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系(不及物動(dòng)詞除外)：Givenmoreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.如果多給這個(gè)孩子一些鼓勵(lì)，他本來會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更好。Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困難時(shí)，我們必須設(shè)法克服。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（短語）的功能及其邏輯主語功能邏輯主語例句賓補(bǔ)賓語FrankLloydWright,foundhimself

inspiredbyJapaneseseashells.表語主語Thousandsofholidaymakersremainedstuckabroad.定語被飾詞Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechanged

conditions.狀語主語Facedwithso