2023北京通州高三一模英語(yǔ)

2023北京通州高三一模英語(yǔ)2023年4月本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AstheforeignEnglishteacheratmyschool,IhaveaweeklyEnglishmusicbroadcastwhereIshowcasedifferentEnglishsongs.Itrytogetthestudentstorecommendsongstomeforthebroadcast.Atthebroadcast,Iusuallyannouncewhorecommendedthesongandthen1itforeveryonetohearduringlunchtime.Ioffereveryoneanopportunitytosharethemselvesthroughtheirmusic,includingone2studentofmine.Thisstudent3getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn'tstudy,andbringsdowntheenergyoftheclass.Mostoftheotherteachersandstudentspushhimaway.Iknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,oratleastsomeonehecould4with.Icouldtellhewaswarminguptomeoverthelastyear.Itoldhimto 5asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinitandIwouldplayitonthebroadcastforhim.Heeventuallyrecommendedasong.IactuallyreallylikedthesongsoIputitonthebroadcastandmadesuretoannouncehisname,soeveryoneknewthathe6andrecommendedsuchagreatsong.Needlesstosay,theboywas7,andhe'sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince.Whileeveryoneelsemisunderstoodhimandpushedhimaway,Isawhimrightthroughandknewthathejustneededsomeonewho8him.There'sstillalanguage9betweenus,butwordsaren'tneeded,becauseyoucanalwayssensewhereyou'reatwithsomeone.HerecentlywalkedbymeandgavemethemostgenuinesmilethatI'deverseen.Mycoworkerturnedtomeandsaid“I'veneverseenhimsmilelikethatbefore.Howdidyougetthroughtohim?”“Igavehima10,”Isaid,“throughjustonesong.”1.A.acceptB.playC.chooseD.change2.A.absentB.anxiousC.toughD.quiet3.A.constantlyB.finallyC.carefullyD.obviously4.A.cooperateB.agreeC.argueD.connect5.A.thinkofB.listentoC.talkaboutD.handout6.A.gatheredB.contributedC.rememberedD.wrote7.A.interestedB.confusedC.astonishedD.excited8.AacknowledgedB.persuadedC.entertainedD.impressed9.A.trapB.boundaryC.barrierD.disorder10.A.wordB.chanceC.giftD.game第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ALastyearIruinedmysummervacationbybringingalongamodemconveniencethatwastooconvenientformyowngood:mytablet.Istucktomyworkdaydietoffournewspaperseachmorning.Andthatwastheproblem:IwasbehavingasifIwerestillintheoffice,11(stick)totheunendingnewscycle.Mybodywasonvacation12myheadwasn’t.SothisyearImakeupmymindtotrysomethingdifferent:stayingawayfromtheIntermit.Iknowitwon'tbeeasy,butIamdetermined.Avacation13(suppose)tohelpyouresetyourbraintobecomemoreproductive.BDespitetherapidprogressofsociety,thereisawidespreadrecognitionthatthequalityoflifeinlargecitiesisgettingmuch14(bad).Theproperwaytotacklethisproblemisdevelopingmixed-useareas.Mixed-useareas,forexample,maycontainofficesandbusinesses,apartments,andentertainmentfacilities.15(apparent),theyattractpeoplewhowanttoliveandworkinthesamearea.Therefore,peoplespendlesstimeincarsdrivingtoworkandplay,16intumreducespollutionandpossiblyimprovesthewell-beingofthepopulation.CTraditionalChinesetea-making17(consist)ofknowledge,skills,andpracticesaboutthemanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,andtheprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.Notonlyaretea-relatedcustomsfoundacrossthecountry,butalsothey18(influence)therestoftheworldsinceancienttimesthroughtheancientSilkRoadandtraderoutes.Teashavepleasedandfascinatedtheworld19thousandsofyears.Theyhavefinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasa20(share)culturaltreasureofhumankind.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThroughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.WehaveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayhereintheUK.WithlocationsacrosstheUK,you'llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.CamelTrailThebestcyclingroutehereintheUKistheCamelTrailinNorthCornwall.Stretching27.8kmsfromPadstowtoWenfordbridge,thiscyclingrouteisnotonlyafairlyflatcycle,butisalsohometosomebreathtakingviewsofthecoastandfamily-friendlycampingspots.Perfectforfamilies,theCamelTrailfollowsalongsidesandybeachesandvillagesalongtheway,meaningthere'smoretodiscover.TissingtonTrailTheTissingtonTrailtakesyoufromAshbourneintheDerbyshireDales,allthewayuptoParsleyHay.TakingyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,theTissingtonTrailfollowsanoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedrivetoAltonTowersforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentytodoforthewholefamily.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailTheDerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailstretches21.4kmsfromDerbytothemarkettownofLoughborough.Takingyoualongthepicturesquecountryside,andwatersidesections,thiscyclingroutehasitall.LocalattractionsontherouteincludeMelboumeHallandGardens,andMelboumeAnimalFarm.Marriott'sWayTheMarriott'sWayisanotherlongdistancecycleandfootpaththatstartsinNorwichandfinishesinReepham.PerfectforcyclingthroughNorfolk'spicturesquewoodlands,theMarriott'sWayalsopassesthroughpicturesquesmalltownsandvillagesincludingAttlebridge,Whitwell,andThemeThorpe.TheMarriott'sWaycyclingtrailhasthesteepestascentoutofthefourbestcyclingholidays,somaybethebestforthosewhoarekeenriders.Ifyouchoosetoventureoutonacyclingholidaythisyear,you'llfeelthebenefitofspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendswhileexploringsomeoftheUK'smostscenicandenjoyablecyclingroutes.TakeyourpickfromourbestcyclingholidaysintheUKforyournextstaycation,whetheryou'reanoviceriderorlookingforachallenge.21.Whatcanpeoplegainfromacyclingholiday?A.Improvedcyclingskills.B.Bettermoodandstrongerbody.C.Increasedknowledgeoftheocean.D.Deepenedunderstandingofgreentravelling.22.Ifyouareinterestedinthebeautifulsceneryandhistory,youcanchooseA.CamelTrailB.TissingtonTrailC.DerbyCanalPathandCloudTrailD.Marriott'sWay23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Todiscussthebenefitsofcycling.B.Toencouragepeopletogocycling.C.Tointroducesomecyclingholidaytracks.D.Toanalyzethedifferencesamongthefourroutes.BIstillrememberhowapetmousewaspopularamongmyclassmatesinBroadbeachStateSchool.Oneday,myfriendsandIdecidedtobuyapetmouse.Thepetshopkeeperwouldn'tsellusoneuntilhegotourparents'letterthatcouldshowtheirpermissionforustogetapet.So,havingtheneatesthandwriting,Ifakedone.Thestoreownerquicklysawthroughmyhandwritingandaskedmetocontactmymothertoconfirmthesituation.Mytrickquicklyfailed,anditwasallmessedup.Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,shemademewriteletterstoafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.OneofthemwasmyunclewhomI'donlymetafewtimeswhenIwasakindergartner.Iwrotealongletterdetailingmylifeandlistingmyinterests.Mypunishmentwascomplete.IforgotaboutthisuntilIsuddenlygotareplyfrommyuncle.“Howlovelytohearfromyou,”hesaid,andwentontotellmeallabouthislife.He'dlovetohearaboutwhatsubjectsatschoolIenjoyed.Andsostartedacorrespondence（信件往來(lái)）thatwentonforseveralyears.Heturnedouttobethemostfascinatingman.Thenoutoftheblue,hedied.Mymumtookthephonecallandshewasshocked.Shedeeplyregretteditastheyhadnotreallyspokenforyearsbecauseoftheirbusylifeandworkload.Iwentupstairsandproducedaboxofletters,thelastonebeingfromjustafewdaysbeforehehadpassedaway.Mymumbegantoreadthemandknewthatalthoughshehadn'tbeenintouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedher.Infact,Ithenbecameclosetohiswife,whomIalsowrotetoformanyyears.Ioftenthinkabouthowthatonenaughtychildhoodcrimeledtosuchanenrichingcorrespondencethatstretchedonformanyyears.Itencouragedmetowritetolotsofotherpeopleinfact,andit'ssomethingIkeepupwithtothisday.Besides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritetosomeoneyoumaybedon'tknowthatwell.Whoknowswhereitwilllead?24.Whydidtheauthor'smumaskhimtowritealettertohisuncle?A.Becausehedidsomethingwrong.B.Becausetheyhadn'tspokenforyears.C.Becausehisunclewantedtohearfromthem.D.Becausehewantedtosharehisjoyofowningapet.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A.Heendedthecorrespondenceafterhisunclepassedaway.B.Hefoundhisuncleextremelyinterestingandattractive.C.Hewasnotinterestedinkeepingincontactwithhisuncle.D.Hismumkeptclosecontactwithhisunclethroughletters.26.Howdidtheauthor'smotherfeelwhenreadingtheletters?A.Comforted.C.Astonished.B.Regretful.D.Pleased.27.Whatmainmessagedoesthewriterexpressinthepassage?A.Weshouldappreciatesomethingbeforeit'sgone.B.Writingletterscanbeawaytomakeupforpastmistakes.C.It'simportanttotellthetruthandbehonestinyourwriting.D.Writinglettershasthepowerofstrengtheningbondswithothers.CRememberyourfirstdayofschool?Howdidyourmumpickoutyourclothesthedaybeforeandhownervousdidyoufeelwhenenteringtheclassroom?Orwhataboutthefirsttimeyourodeabike，withalloftheexcitementcoursingthroughyourveins（靜脈）？Somememoriesstickwithusandwecanrecallthemlikescenesinamovie.Theseareknownasepisodicmemories.Anewstudypublishedinthejournal,ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,hasshownthatcertaincells,calledtimecells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesinchronological（時(shí)間順序的）order.Asmemoriesarebeingformed.thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.Later,thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.The27participantsinthestudyhadelectrodesplacedintheirbrains.Thisallowedscientiststomeasurecellactivityinthehippocampus（海馬體）andanotherareainvolvedintheperceptionoftime.Theparticipantswereshownsequencesof12to15wordsonacomputerscreeninaperiodofabout30seconds.Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedattheactivityofdifferentbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.“Thetimecellsthatwefoundaremarkingoutdiscreet（不顯眼的）segments（片段）oftimewithin···thisapproximately30-secondwindow，”saidBradLega,aneurosurgeonattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,US.Thisprovesthepossibleexistenceoftimecellsinthehumanbrain.GyorgyBuzsaki,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,saidthestudyisimportantasitcanexplainmemoryproblemsfoundinpeoplewhosuffereddamagetotheirhippocampus.Inoneexperiment,scientistscomparedthememoriesofpeoplewhohadjusttakenatourofacollegecampus.Thosewithoutdamagetotheirhippocampushadsimilarstories.However,thosewhohadsuffereddamagetothisareaofthebrainwereunabletorecallthepropersequenceofevents.Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfrommemorydisordersisincreasingsignificantly.AsofSepetmber2019，around50millionpeopleworldwideweresufferingfromdementia（癡呆），andthenumberwilltripleby2050,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.SuchstudieswillhelpscientistsdevelopbettermedicalinterventionsforpeoplesufferingfromAlzheimer'sdisease,thecauseof60to70percentofdementiacases.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recount"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Decide.B.Tell.C.Create.D.Predict.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Mostoftheparticipantscouldnotrecallthewordsequence.B.Participantswererequiredtospeakoutthewordswithin30seconds.C.Peoplewithdamagedhippocampuscouldalsorecallthesequenceofevents.D.Whiletheparticipantswererecallingthewords,certainbraincellsreleasedsignals.30.Whatdoesthestudytrytofindout?A.Howhumans'feelingoftimechangesovertime.B.Howoftenbraincellssendsignalsduringanevent.C.Howbraincellsworktoremembersequencesofevents.D.Howthebrainmemorizeseventsthatpeoplehaveexperienced.31.Whatcanthestudybeappliedto?A.Findingthetruecauseofdementia.B.Discoveringtimecellsincreatures.C.Findingwaystocurememorydisorders.D.DecidingthereasonforAlzheimer'sdisease.DYoumayhaveheardoftheTasmaniantiger-butyoumostcertainlyhaveneverseenone.Alongwithmanyotherspeciesoverthepasthundredyears,thiscreaturebecameextinctbecauseofhumans.Now,scientistsinAustraliaandtheUSaretryingtobringitbacktolife.Bringingspeciesbackfromthedeadisknownasdeextinction.Thoughitsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,newtechnologieshavemadede-extinctionaveryrealpossibility.To“bringback”anextinctspecies,scientiststakestemcellsfromacloselyrelatedlivinganimalandeditthegenes.Then,thecellsgrowintoanewanimal.Thisnewanimalisnotanexactcopyoftheextinctone,butit'sveryclose.Intheory,scientistscouldcreateentirepopulationsofanimalsandsetthemfreeinthewild.Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.TasmaniantigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia'sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneParkin1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.De-extinctionisnotaperfectsolution,however.Foronething,itwon'tchangethehumanbehaviorsthatcauseanimalstobecomeextinctinthefirstplace.Ifwecontinuepollutinganddestroyingtheenvironment,animalswillcontinuetodieout.Theonlywaywecantrulyprotectthemisbychangingourhabits.Bringingextinctspeciesbacktolifewon'tmagicallymakeusrespectnaturemore.Also,themoneythatwespendonde-extinctionwouldprobablybebetterspentonotherconservationprojects.Or,asthoseagainstde-extinctionwouldputit,it'sbettertospendmoneyonthelivingratherthanthedead.Thereasonforthisisthat,comparedtootherefforts,deextinctionisextremelyexpensive.Infact,forthecostofbringingoneextinctspeciesbacktolife,traditionalconservationeffortscouldsaveuptoeightthreatenedones.Thepowerofscienceisamazing,butitmightbetimeforustostopanddecidewhetherde-extinctionissomethingwereallywanttoachieve.Withthetechnologywecurrentlyhave,thequestionisnolonger“canwe?”but“shouldwe?”32.Whydoesthewritermention“wolvesintroducedtoYellowstonePark”?A.Totesttheeffectofde-extinction.B.Todiscusstheimportanceofdeextinction.C.Toillustratethepossibleeffectofde-extinction.D.Topresentasuccessfulexampleofdeextinction.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutde-extinctioninthepassage?A.Itdemandslargeexpenses.B.Ithelpsadjusthumanbehaviours.C.Itthreatensthecurrentecosystem.D.Itrestoresthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.34.Whatistheauthor'sviewonde-extinction?A.Neutral.C.Supportive.B.Opposed.D.Unconcemed.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetheritisinafamilyboardgame,orduringcompetitivesports,itcanbeeasytospotsorelosers.Duringthosetimeswhenwearefacedwithloss.sorelosersstrugglemorethanothers.Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringintherankings,theymaytrytowinatallcosts.35Therefore,they'repreparedtodoanythingintheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.36Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofawininthecompetitions.Andwhentheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.That’sbecausequittingisthelastwaytoensurelosingdoesn'thappen.Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.37Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.Whatcanwedotoavoidbecomingsorelosers?Onewayinthefirstplaceistoplayandexplorewhatyou'regoodatwithoutanysuccesscriteria.Thenwhenitdoescometolosing,identifywhatwaswithinyourcontrolandwhetheritwasdowntoluck,talent,orpractice.38Winningfeelsessentialnow,buthowwilltheresultaffectyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won'tbeassignificantthen.39A.Thesethoughtprocessescanhelpyoutogaininsight.B.Thestrategymayinvolvetheparticipantbecomingangrybeforehand.C.Givingupbeforetheresultsarefinalizedisanothersignofsorelosers.D.Thisisbecausethelosswillbringaboutsomeunwantednegativefeelings.E.Formanypeople,controllingangerisimpossibleastheirlossisannounced.F.Mostofuscanacceptthenegativeconsequencesoflosingafiercecompetition.G.Anotherwayistoconsidertheconsequencesofwinningorlosinginyourfuture.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforlongperiodsevenifyoualsoexerciseregularlycouldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplaceattheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerorTV-justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Severalstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.InaneditorialpublishedthisweekintheBritishJoumalofSportsMedicine,ElinEkblom-BakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciencessuggestedthatauthoritiesrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivitytohighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimuma