How-to-write-a-literature-review-學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作

HowtowritealiteraturereviewTeammembers:HuaShixianRuanChaohui，HuangRizhen，ZuoBo，ChenLingFocuses1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?3.Howtowriteliteraturereview?4.Citedsourcesinaliteraturereview5.OrderofCitations6.VerbTenseinCitation1.Whatisareviewoftheliterature?AccordingtotheWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia,Aliteraturereviewisabodyoftextthataimstoreviewthecriticalpointsofcurrentknowledgeandormethodologicalapproachesonaparticulartopic.Literaturereviewsaresecondarysources,andassuch,donotreportanynewororiginalexperimentalwork.Awell-structuredliteraturereviewischaracterizedbyalogicalflowofideas;currentandrelevantreferenceswithconsistent,appropriatereferencingstyle;properuseofterminology;andanunbiasedandcomprehensiveviewofthepreviousresearchonthetopic.2.Whydowewriteliteraturereview?

Literaturereviewsprovideyouwithahandyguidetoaparticulartopic.Ifyouhavelimitedtimetoconductresearch,literaturereviewscangiveyouanovervieworactasasteppingstone.Forprofessionals,theyareusefulreportsthatkeepthemuptodatewithwhatiscurrentinthefield.3.Howtowrite:(1)Fourstages1.

Problemformulation—whichtopicorfieldisbeingexaminedandwhatareitscomponentissues?2.Literaturesearch—findingmaterialsrelevanttothesubjectbeingexplored3.Dataevaluation—determiningwhichliteraturemakesasignificantcontributiontotheunderstandingofthetopic4.Analysisandinterpretation—discussingthefindingsandconclusionsofpertinentliterature(2)Fourtasks

Aliteraturereviewmustdothesethings:

beorganizedaroundandrelateddirectlytothethesisorresearchquestionyouaredevelopingsynthesizeresultsintoasummaryofwhatisandisnotknownidentifyareasofcontroversyintheliteratureformulatequestionsthatneedfurtherresearch

(3)Elementscomprisedinliteraturereview

Anoverview

ofthe

subject,issueortheoryunderconsideration,alongwiththeobjectivesoftheliteraturereviewDivisionofworksunderreviewintocategories(e.g.thoseinsupportofaparticularposition,thoseagainst,andthoseofferingalternativethesisentirely)ExplanationofhoweachworkissimilartoandhowitvariesfromtheothersConclusionsastowhichpiecesarebestconsideredintheirargument,aremostconvincingoftheiropinions,andmakethegreatestcontributiontotheunderstandinganddevelopmentoftheirareaofresearch(4)StrategiesforwritingtheliteraturereviewFindafocus:

notjustsimplylistyoursourcesandgointodetailabouteachoneofthem,oneatatime.

Constructaworkingthesisstatement：argueforaparticularperspectiveonthematerial．Useevidence：interpretationmustbebackedupwithevidence

toshowthatwhatyouaresayingisvalid.Beselective：

Selectonlythemostimportantpointsineachsourcetohighlightinthereview.

Summarizeandsynthesize：Remembertosummarizeandsynthesizeyoursourceswithineachparagraphaswellasthroughoutthereview.Whiletheliteraturereviewpresentsothers'ideas,yourvoice(thewriter's)shouldremainfrontandcenter.４．CitedsourcesinaliteraturereviewWecannotimagineonecanfulfillthewritingofaliteraturereviewwithoutreferringtoanybibliography.Inotherwords,tomakealiteraturereviewmoreconvincing,thewriterhastohavesomecitedsourcesinhisorherliteraturereview.HowtoquoteAsforthewritingofaliteraturereviewforhisorhergraduationpaper,oneneedstodothefollowing:

A.Citeandquotewhennecessary

B.Usein-textcitations

C.Numberofcitedsources(atleast20)

D.Allcitedsourcesmustbelistedinthebibliography.5.OrderofCitations1)Chronological：earliest→latest2)Generaltospecific:

remotelyrelated→closelyrelated3)Differentapproaches:

oneapproach+another+stillanotherapproach59-1359-14FollowingispartofaliteraturereviewtakenfromtheintroductiontoapaperinthefieldofEnglishlearning.Thesentencesaregivenhereinscrambleorder.Arrangethesentencesintheorderyoufeeltheyshouldappearintheoriginaltext.ThereviewbeginswithsentenceB.59-15

StylisticVariationsinScienceLectures _____A.PangandWright(2005)broadenedthelinguisticfocustoincludesomepedagogicalandsociolinguisticaspectsoflecturing,suchassetting,levelofformality,participantroles,andlecturetopics.

_____B.Mostresearchonthelecturemethodhasbeenconductedinanative-speakercontext. _____C.Theroleofvocabularyinmediatinginstructionhasrecentlyattractedtheattentionofappliedlinguists. _____D.Anumberofstudieshavesofarexaminedthewaysinformationispresentedinlectures;andrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005). ____E.Lee(2006)hasexaminedfunctionofdefinitionsinsciencelectures. ____F.OnlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewithlecturesgiveninEnglish(Ding,1999;Young&Wilson,2003;Richards&Flower,2007). ____G.YoungandWilson(2003)concentratedonthelinguisticaspect:eitheronhowmessageswereencoded,orontheaspectsthatmightcausedecodingproblemsfornativespeakers.59-16

StylisticVariationsinScienceLecturesB.Mostresearchonthelecturemethodhasbeenconductedinanative-speakercontext.D.Anumberofstudieshavesofarexaminedthewaysinformationispresentedinlectures;andrecommendationsforimprovingthestudyskillsofnativespeakershavebeenproposed(e.g.,Northetal.,2000;Murphy,2002;Hall,2005).F.OnlyafewresearchershaveconsideredthespecialproblemsforeignstudentsmayhavewithlecturesgiveninEnglish(Ding,1999;Young&Wilson,2003;Richards&Flower,2007).G.YoungandWilson(2003)concentratedonthelinguisticaspect:eitheronhowmessageswereencoded,orontheaspectsthatmightcausedecodingproblemsfornativespeakers.A.PangandWright(2005)broadenedthelinguisticfocustoincludesomepedagogicalandsociolinguisticaspectsoflecturing,suchassetting,levelofformality,participantroles,andlecturetopics.C.Theroleofvocabularyinmediatinginstructionhasrecentlyattractedtheattentionofappliedlinguists.E.Lee(2006)hasexaminedfunctionofdefinitionsinsciencelectures.59-176.VerbTenseinCitation

VerbTenseinCitationAuthorprominent

InformationprominentTheusageofverbtensesinliteraturereviewisbasedontheinformationthatauthorswanttoemphasize.Typically,priorityinformationwiththepresenttense;thepriorityofaspecificstudy,usepasttense.59-18Informationprominent:Present59-19Authorprominent:Past59-20Authorprominent:presentperfectWhenauthorsemphasizetheresearchorstudyofseveralauthors,weoftenuse