2024年中考英語語法筆記-Chapter 6 名詞與冠詞 筆記

備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語語法

chapter6名詞與冠詞筆記

模塊導航

模塊一名詞的分類

模塊二名詞的單復數(shù)

模塊三修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

模塊四中考常見不可數(shù)名詞

模塊五修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

模塊六名詞的所有格

模塊七名詞的性

模塊八冠詞的分類

模塊九不定冠詞的用法

模塊十定冠詞的用法

模塊十一零冠詞的用法

模塊十二2022、2023年各省市中考真題綜合訓練

模塊一N名詞的分類

A.專有名詞：具體的人、地、物、機構、團體、月份和節(jié)日等專有

的名詞

如：AlfredNobel,Africa,February

名

a可數(shù)

詞可以用數(shù)字計數(shù)的名詞，如boy,chair

B.普通名名詞

詞b不可1）物質(zhì)名詞：如fire,wood,air,water

數(shù)名詞2）抽象名詞：如information,advice,courage

模塊二名詞的單復數(shù)

i.單數(shù)變復數(shù)的一般規(guī)則，請將下列單詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)形式:

構成方法例詞

一般在詞尾加-shorse—horsesmile—miles

LU-s,-x,-sh,-ch結尾的詞加-esbox—boxesglass—glasses

brush—brushes

以。結尾的詞加-s有生命加-eshero—heroes

或-espotato-potatoes

Negro—Negroes

無生命加-Sphoto—photos

piano-pianos

zoo-zoos

特例motto一mottos/mottoes,

*kangaroo-kangaroos,volcano-

volcanoes

以-y結尾的以用B音字母加-y結battery—batteries

詞尾中了詞，變y為i,加country—countries

-es

以元音字母加-y結monkey—monkeys

尾的詞直接加-sday—days

以-f或-fe結f,fe變?yōu)関再加-eswolf—wolveswife—wives

尾的詞個別詞直接加-sroof-roofsbelief-beliefs

scarf-scarves/scarfs

2.特殊變化有下列情況:

manmenmediummedia

RomanRomanschildchildren

womanwomenmousemice

businesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxen

goosegeesefootfeet

GermanGermanstoothteeth

>TherearemanymendoctorsinthedepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology.（婦產(chǎn)科）

▼Attention^

man/woman男人、女人雙變原則

amannursesomemennursesawomandoctorwomendoctors

boyfriendsmaidservantswomenservantsladydrivers

3.單復數(shù)同形的情況:

sheep-sheeChinese-Chinesemeans-measpecies-specicraft及由

Pnses-craft

（spacecraft,

deer-deerJapanese-JapaneSwiss-Swissseries-series

aircraft）構成

se

的名詞

Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtolaw（訴諸法律）.

Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.

4.單復數(shù)特別用法:

a.word的特別用法:

不可數(shù)名詞新聞、消息、承諾

word

可數(shù)名詞詞、話語

★小試身手★

1)Wordhasitthatsheisleaving.(wordhasitthat是慣用語用法，表示有消息說，eg.Legendhasit

that……有傳說說【學生版不出現(xiàn)】)

有消息傳來

2)Pleasesendmewordofyoursafearrival.

通知我

3)Theyaskedhimtoleave,inotherwords,hewasfired.

換句話來說

4)Helikestospreadthewordabouttheimportanceofhealthyeating.

宣傳

★習慣用語★

keep/breakone's履行諾言/inotherwords換句話說

word食言

leaveword留言eatone/swords承認錯誤（收

回某人的話）

amanofhisword信守諾言的thelastwords遺百

人

wordfor/byword逐字逐句地wasteone'swords白費口舌

inaword總之haveafewwords/awordwithsb與某人談談

5.單復數(shù)用法的其他特殊情況：

>比較：CDs(CD's)SomeVIPs(someVIP's)Inthe1990s(1990zs)

6.一“S”之差，謬以千里

paper紙papers考卷

good好的goods貨物

letter信件letters文學（作品）

look看looks外表

glass杯子glasses眼鏡

green綠色greens綠葉蔬菜

custom風俗customs海關

time時間times時代

sand沙sands沙灘

iron鐵irons腳鐐

drink喝drinks飲品

force武力forces軍隊

spirit精神spirits精力/態(tài)度

work工作works工廠/作品

7.固定詞組用復數(shù)

inhighspiritsasfollowstaketurnshurtone/sfeelingsinrags

興致高昂如下輪流傷害感情衣衫襤褸

模塊三修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組

請翻譯下列詞組:

一群人agroup/crowdof一兩天acoupleofdays

people

一些親戚(a)fewrelatives幾臺電腦somecomputers

大量的乘alargenumberof很多記者alotof/lotsofreporters

客passengers

很多地方manyplaces頂尖學生中oneofthetopstudents

的一個

數(shù)以百年hundredsofyears數(shù)以千年thousandsofyears

數(shù)以萬年tensofthousandsof兩千年twothousandyears

years

一副眼鏡/一雙鞋/一條褲子/一把apairofglasses/shoes/trousers/scissors

剪刀

模塊四1中考常見不可數(shù)名詞

忠告advice天氣weather麻煩trouble

黃油butter空氣air樂趣fun

玻璃Glass損壞damage草grass

作業(yè)Homework家務活housework錢money

信息information冰ice紙paper

知識knowledge新聞news交通traffic

★真題試煉★

1.選擇

1)Inancient___Cpeoplehadtodoheavylabourbecauseatthattherewerenomodern

machines.

A.time,timeB.times,times

C.times,timeD.time,times

2)Thestudentsdon'tfindmuch_Baboutthetopiconthatwebsite.

A.reportB.information

C.articleD.story

3)Wouldyoulikeapudding?Goandbringmealittle_A___andIwillmakeoneforyou.

A.bowlB.applesC.chalkD.shampoo

2.填空

1)Alectureonbiologywasmadebya___Japanese___professoryesterdaymorning.(Japan)

2)Wetookmany_photoswhenwetravelledinXinjianglastsummer,(photo)

3)Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject-_chemistry.(chemical)

4)Theowneroftheshopisonholidaywithhisfamily,(own)

5)After30years,histwinbrother/ssudden_arrival_broughthimagreatsurprise.(arrive)

模塊五1修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組o

鐵的原則：不可數(shù)名詞與（可數(shù)）量詞連用=可數(shù)（對量詞的數(shù)變化）

請用量詞+不可數(shù)名詞的形式翻譯下列詞組：

一件衣服/家具anarticle/pieceofclothing/furniture

兩塊巧克力/肥皂twobarsofchocolate/soap

一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒abottleofink/milk/wine

一點食物(a)littlefood

一些工作/建議somework/advice

很多新聞alotof/lotsofnews

大量信息hugeamountsofinformation

▼Attention^

“萬能搭"apieceof：

advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/

wood/work

可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞修飾量詞表

只能修飾可數(shù)名詞只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾

alarge/huge/greatagreatdealofplentyof/

numberofalargeamountofalotof

thenumberoftheamountoflotsof/

dozensofhugeamountsofalargequantityof

scoresofalargesumof(一大筆)quantitiesof(謂語動詞用復

hundredsof(a)little數(shù))

(a)fewabitthequantityof

severalmuch

many(a)

★真題試煉★

1)_Bpeoplecomefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.

A.Alotsof,haveB.Alargenumberof,have

C.Much,hasD.Hugeamountsof,has

2)studentsofourschool_morethanonethousand.

A.Anumberof,areB.Anumberof,is

C.Thenumberof,areD.Thenumberof,is

★區(qū)分總結★

度量衡量質(zhì)的原則（單復數(shù)變化）:

中國度量衡one/fiveyuantwo/fourJiaothreeJintenmu

外國度量衡3dollars15pounds20miles12kilometers

模塊六名詞的所有格

總體規(guī)律：名詞所有格有三種形式JS所有格，of所有格和同時具備前兩種格的雙重所有格。

1.-所有格：

一般是在詞尾，若原詞已有復數(shù)詞尾S則只要在?s后加（，）

>David'scarmybrother'snotebookmysisters'toy

Children'sDayWomen'sDaythePeople'sSquare

2.of所有格：這種所有格常用于無生命的東西。

a.theAofC名詞擁有較長的定語。

>Thesoundofthechildrenplaying,thenameofthegirlstandingoutside,thecontributionofscience

andtechnology

b.表示地理、機構、集體等的名詞可用of或，s表所有格。

>Thepopulationofthecity或thecity/spopulation,theplanofthefamily或thefamily'splan等。

c.在某人的家或工作地

>atMrGreen'stomyuncle'satthetailor'satthedoctor's

VAttentionV

共有還是私藏

>JaneandMary'sfatherJane'sandTom'sfathers

3.雙重所有格：abookofmyfriend'ssomefriendsofhisfather?s

a.雙重所有格中的第二個名詞總是指人，不指物。

>apageofthebook,s（X）

應改為apageofthebook.

b.雙重所有格中的第一個名詞常有不定冠詞（a/an）或that等詞，而第二個名詞總是特指

the。

thefriendofthedoctor's（錯）

afriendofthedoctor's（對）

thatfriendofmybrother's（V）

VAttentionV

>apictureofmysister's（畫是我姐姐的）

apictureofmysister（畫中人是我姐姐）

在用4和of皆可表示名詞所有格時，強調(diào)有別。

>China'sdevelopment（強調(diào)development）

ThedevelopmentofChina（強調(diào)China）

★真題試煉★

1）考題

_Aaretravellingabroad.

A.TheGreensB.TheGreen'sC.GreensD.Green's

2）考題

Tomandpeterliveinthesameflat.Itis_C.

A.SusanandBettyB.Susan/sandBetty

C.SusanandBetty'sD.Susan'sandBetty's

模塊七名詞的性

actoractresswaiterwaitress

headmasterheadmistresshosthostess

princeprincessemperorempress

godgoddessstewardstewardess

tigertigresslionlioness

★真題試煉★

1）考題

The_Bareplantingsomeintheschoolgardennow.

A.womanteachers...appletreesB.womenteachers...appletrees

C.womanteacher...applestreeD.womenteachers...applestrees

模塊八

不定冠詞（泛指）a用于輔音音素或半元音音素前

冠

an用于元音音素前

詞

定冠詞（特指）the

模塊九___________不定冠詞的用法O

不定冠詞a/an常表示泛指

1.泛指人或物

>Hewillbeateacherinfiveyears.

2.表示數(shù)量“一個”

>Thereisabookandtwopencilsonthedesk.

3.某些習慣用語中

>takealookhavearesthaveaswimgoonadiet

haveagoodtimemakeadecisionmakealiving

dosb.afavorgivesb.ahandinaminute

4.有些特殊情況中，專有名詞前必須加不定冠詞，表示具有某種特性的人或物、某一位不認識的人或某

個不確定的時間。

>IknowaLeonardo,butnotthefamousone.

我認識一個叫萊昂納多的人，但不是有名氣的那個。

模塊十、定冠詞的用法

1.用于上文已經(jīng)提到過的事物前

>Givemethebook.

2.用于世界上獨一無二的事物前

>theair,theearth,themoon,thesun,theworld,thesky,thesouth

VAttentionV

space（太空）前不用

3.用于形容詞的比較級、最高級和序數(shù)詞前

>Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.

（特殊講解此處特殊的形容詞比較級用法）

>thelargestroom,thesecondstory

4.用于西洋樂器前（中國樂器前不用加定冠詞）

>playthepiano/guitar

>playzither/erhu

VAttentionV

a.序數(shù)詞前有時也可以用不定冠詞a（n）,表示“又一、再一〃的泛指意義。

>Inspiteofthefirsttwofailures,hetriedathirdtime.

盡管前兩次失敗，他又試了第三次。

b.下列表達在序數(shù)詞前習慣不用定冠詞：

>Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.

他們一見鐘情。

5.江河、海洋、山川、國家（全稱）、組織、團體

請翻譯下列的詞組：

長江(The)Yangtze太平洋thePacificOcean

River

美國theUnitedStates中國共產(chǎn)黨theCommunistPartyof

ofAmericaChina

北京賓BeijingHotel自由女神像theStatueofLiberty

館

6.表時間和空間

a.空間：theeast,thewest,thesouth,thenorth,thefront,theback,theleft,therighto

>Theteacherseatedhispupilsinthebackoftheclassroom.

老師讓學生們坐在教室后面。

b.時間：atthebeginningof在…初，inthemiddleof在...中，attheendof在…末尾，thepast

過去，thepresent現(xiàn)在

7.用于形容詞或分詞前表示一類人或事物，謂語動詞用復數(shù)

窮人thepoor富人therich

老人theold年輕人theyoung

病人thesick死人thedead

盲人theblind傷者thewounded

好人thegood美人thebeautiful

不認識的人theunknown失業(yè)者theunemployed

殘疾人thedisabled長者theelderly

8.動詞+賓語+介詞+the+身體部位

>Hetookthethiefbythehand.

>Theballhittheboyonthenose.

>Thewomanhitthemanintheface.

9.the+姓氏的復數(shù)表示這一家人

>TheTurnersaresittingatthebreakfasttable.

模塊十零冠詞的用法

1.稱呼、頭銜作表語、同位語、補語

>Heisheadoftheorganization.（頭銜，表語）

2.學科、球類、棋類

>Doyoustudymaths?

>Helikesplayingfootball/chess.

3.By+n

a.表示交通工具，方式方法

>byair,bybus,bybike,bytrain,

takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus,rideabike

b.依據(jù)……行事

>byweight

4.語言名稱：

>Chinese,English,French

5.詞組比較：（定冠詞與零冠詞用法）

inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院

infrontof在前方inthefrontof在前部

outofquestion無疑的outofthequestion不可能的

attable進餐atthetable坐在桌子旁

模塊十二12022、2023年各省市中考真題綜合訓練O

1.（2022?黑龍江哈爾濱?統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheisChina?snationaltreasure.Ifsakindofcuteanimalthat

likeseatingbamboo.

A.pandaB.tigerC.elephant

2.（2022?湖南湘西?統(tǒng)考中考真題）I'mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch.

A.applesB.bananasC.bread

3.（2022?湖南益陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Look!Therearesomeeatinggrassonthehill.

A.sheepB.cowC.horse

4.（2022?廣西桂林?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Billhasgottwo.

A.sisterB.brothersC.student

5.（2022?重慶?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingonDay,June1st.

A.ChildB.Child'sC.ChildrenD.Children's

6.（2022?湖南邵陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Wouldyoulikesome?

一Yes,madam.

A.eggB.juiceC.milkteas

7.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱?統(tǒng)考三模）一LucygotfivefromtherelativesonChildren'sDay.

一Howhappysheis.

A.toysB.toiesC.toy

8.（2023?黑龍江綏化??？寄M預測）Weshouldprotectanimalsbecausetheyarefriendsof.

A.weB.ourC.ours

9.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱?一模）,whichbecomesafestivalofrespectingtheoldpeople,lovingand

helpingtheoldinChina.

A.LanternFestival

B.DoubleNinthFestival

C.DragonBoatFestival

10.（2022?江蘇淮安?統(tǒng)考中考真題）AuturmnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./B.aC.anD.the

11.（2022-四川?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ihaveeggandacupofmilkforbreakfasteveryday.

A.不填B.theC.aD.an

12.（2022-西藏?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Myheadteacheralwaysteachesmetobehoneststudent.

A.theB./C.anD.a

13.（2022?青海?統(tǒng)考中考真題）GuAilingisexcellentsportsstar.Sheachievedherdreaminthe2022

WinterOlympicGames.

A.aB.anC./

14.（2022-內(nèi)蒙古?中考真題）Ithinkplayingfootballisgoodwaytolearnthespiritof

teamwork.

A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD./;the

15.（2022?甘肅甘南?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Weknowthatthereis"U”intheword“usually”.

A.aB.anC.the

16.（2023?湖南郴州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一rdliketohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork.

一Youcouldvolunteerinafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachthem.

A.theB.anC.a

17.（2023?湖南岳陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautifulinChinathisyear.

A.cityB.citiesC.citys

18.（2023?湖南岳陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Hangzhouwillhold19thAsianGamesin2023.

A.aB.anC.the

19.（2023?黑龍江?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Thesunisshining,andyou'dbettertakeumbrellawhenyougo

out.

一OK.It'susefulsuggestion.

A.an;theB.a;anC.an;a

20.（2023?吉林長春?統(tǒng)考中考真題）Jamesishard-workingengineer.Hisspiritencouragesus.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.（2023?天津?統(tǒng)考中考真題）MymotherismakingapplepieandIwanttotrypiece.

A.a;anB.a;不填C.an;aD.an;不填

22.（2023?湖北十堰?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一DoyouknowJourneytotheWest?

一Yes.Ifsinterestingbook.Ilikeitverymuch.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.（2023?山東青島?統(tǒng)考中考真題）1watchedTheWanderingEarth〃lastnight.Itiswonderfulfilm.

A.aB.anC.theD./

24.（2023?山東荷澤?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Isthisyourpen?

-No,itisn't.redoneismine.

A.AB.AnC.The

25.（2023?江蘇鎮(zhèn)江?統(tǒng)考中考真題）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawillliverestofherlifeinher

hometown,China.

A.aB.anC.theD.不填

26.（2023?湖南郴州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）MyparentstookmetotheamusementparkonDay.Therewereso

manyexcitingthingstodothere.

A.Children'sB.ChildrenC.Child's

27.（2023?湖南益陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Shallweplaysoccerthisafternoon?

——Soundsgood,butIdon'thavesoccer.

A.the;aB.a;theC./;a

28.（2023?湖南邵陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Hi,WangLi,whoisMissDeng?

-MissDengis________niceteacherandsheisverypopularinourschool.

A.aB.anC./

29.（2022?甘肅定西?統(tǒng)考中考真題）TherangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNew

York.

A.telephoneB.doorbellC.clockD.bike

30.（2022?黑龍江綏化?統(tǒng)考中考真題）fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundthe

world.

A.TonyandPeter9sB.Tony'sandPeterC.Tony'sandPeter9s

31.（2022?江蘇徐州?統(tǒng)考中考真題）FrommyonthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewof

ourcity.

A.traditionB.conditionC.positionD.situation

32.（2022?黑龍江哈爾濱?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Therewillbe_tomorrow.Wecan'teatout.

-Well,wehavetostayathome.

A.rainyB.rainC.raining

33.（2023?湖南邵陽?統(tǒng)考中考真題）一Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?

-Isawsome.

A.rabbitB.ducksC.sheeps

34.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱?統(tǒng)考模擬預測）一Howtimeflies!Ifstwosincewemetlast.

——Soitis.Imissyousomuch.

A.monthesB.monthsC.months9

35.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱??？级＃┮籘herewillbetomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.

一Soundsgreat.

A.snowB.snowyC.snowing

36.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱?校考二模）WeChineseusuallyputthingsontheplatewhilepeopleinare

supposedtoputbreadonthetable.

A.JapanB.GermanyC.France

37.（2023?黑龍江綏化?模擬預測）"Thetrusthasbeenmygreatestsourceofstrength（力量源泉）to

goforwardandalsothegreatestresponsibilityonmyshoulders,9,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaid.

A.peopleB.people'sC.peoples

38.（2023?黑龍江哈爾濱?哈爾濱市第四十七中學?？寄M預測）Iwilltrymybestforexciting

progressinlessthanonemonth.

A.anB.aC./

39.（2022?西藏?統(tǒng)考中考真題）MoreandmorewanttolearnaboutChineseculture.