2023人教版新教材高中英語選擇性必修第二冊同步練習-UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS

單元達標檢測

（滿分:120分;時間:100分鐘）

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

SmartKidsFestivalEvents

“SmartKids“isacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.This

year,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide（PWYD）.Thatis,youcandecide

topayforwhatyouwantorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcan

pre-bookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthe

director□spicks.

WalkontheWildSide

Notticketed,Free

JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongtheway

you□11meetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandfoodchains.

It□sbestsuitedtochildrenaged5—9.Childrenunder8mustbeaccompaniedbyan

adult.

IntroductiontoWaves

Pre-book,PWYD

Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflightto

crashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeatures

sharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.

ScienceintheField

Notticketed,Free

Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesof

gatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.Comealongforinspiringand

informativestoriesstraightfromthescientist□smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindout

moreinthisfun-filledworkshop.

FestivalDinner

Pre-book,￡25perperson

Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,

joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodshouldyoueattotrick

yourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.

l.Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?

A.WalkontheWildSide.BJntroductiontoWaves.

C-ScienceintheField.D.FestivalDinner.

2.Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?

A.SarahLaw.B.MikeGoldsmith.

C.MarkSamuels.D.TomCrawford.

3.Whatdothefoureventshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallfamily-based.

B.Theyareallscience-themed.

C.Theyareallpickedbychildren.

D.Theyareallfilledwithadventures.

B

Overpastdecades,China□saerospaceindustryhasachievedagreatdealand

madegreatbreakthroughs.GuoShiyu,31,isoneofthosePerSonne1（人員）whohave

devotedthemselvestothenoblecause.

WorkingattheChinaAcademyofLaunchVehicleTechnology,Guoispartofthe

thirdgenerationofChina□saerospacepersonnel.Hewasbomandbroughtupinan

"aerospacef?mily''withhisparentsandgrandparentsailworkingintheindustry.

Backincollege,GuomajoredinIOgiStics（物流學）.Withagoodcommandof

relevantknowledge,hestartedhisspacecareer,applyingwhathehadlearnedtodoing

materialmanagementworkattheacademy.Hewonasafetyproductionawardalong

withhisteammembers."Eachgenerationofaerospacepersonnelpursueshighquality

anderror-freework,“hesaid.

Guodevelopedaninterestinaerospacewhenhewasauniversitystudent.In2007,

hesawChina□sfirstunmannedlunarprobeChang□e1makeasmoothlaunch.

??BefbreIgraduatedin2011,thespacestationTiangong-1tookanotherstepforward

intotheuniverse,andsoImadeupmymindtoworkonspacemissions,,,hesaid.

Guolearnedtobecarefulandprecisefromthefamilymemberswhocamebefore

him.Guo□sgrandfatherwasoneofthefirstteamofChineseaerospacestaff.Hesaw

theacademybeingbuiltinthemiddleofnowhereinthe195Os."Aerospaceisabig

projectwhileeveryone□sworkisordinary.Nomatterwhetherit□sdesigningor

managing,it□sdetailedtasksthatmakeupagreatmission.IhopeGuowilltake

detailsseriouslyandworkhardathisposition,,,hisgrandfathersaid.

“Asthesayinggoes,?MyCOnqUeSt（征途）istheseaofstars√,Guosaid.t?Ihope

somedaythespaceflightwillbeaseasyastakingatrainorplanenow.^^

4.HowdidGuoShiyuprepareforhisaerospacecareerincollege?

A.Hedevotedhimselftoit.

B.Hetookeverydetailseriously.

C.Heworkedhardwithhisteammates.

D.Heequippedhimselfwithprofessionalknowledge.

5.WhatinspiredGuototakeuphispresentcareer?

A.Hisinterestinaerospace.

B.Hissafetyproductionaward.

C.Theinfluenceofaerospacestaff.

D.Theachievementsinspaceexploration.

6.WhatcontributessignificantlytoGuo□sachievements?

A.Hiscollegeeducation.

B.Hisfamilytradition.

C.Histeamworkwithothers.

D.Hispositionintheacademy.

7.WhatcanweinferfromGuo□swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Heissatisfiedwithhiscontributions.

B.Heisconcernedaboutthespaceflight.

C.Heisconfidentabouthischosencareer.

D.HeisoptimisticaboutChina□saerospaceindustry.

C

Japaneseautomaker（汽車制造商）Toyotahasannouncedits??WovenCity"plan,

whichaimstocreatea“smartcityofthefuture”.Itwillbea“l(fā)ivinglaboratory^^for

technologiesincludingself-drivingsystems,high-speedInternetconnectivitytolink

majorinformationandcommunicationsystems.

ThemainstreetsinWovenCitywillbedividedfordifferentpurposes.Onepart

willbeusedforfastervehicletraffic.Anotherwillbedesignedforpeopleriding

bicycles.Thethirdpartwillbeusedforwalking.Tomovepeoplethroughthecity,

onlyfully-autonomous,ZerO-emission（零排放的）Toyotavehicleswillbeallowedon

theroads.InandthroughoutWovenCity,Toyotae-Palettewillbeusedfor

transportationanddeliveries.

ThecitywillbefullySUStainable（可持續(xù)的），withbuildingsmademostlyof

woodtocutthecarbonfootprinttotheminimum.Therooftopswillbecoveredwith

solarpanelstoproducepowerinadditiontopowerproducedbyH2fuelcells（電池）.

HouseswillbeequippedwiththelatestAItechnologies,suchasin-homerobotsto

assistwithdailyworkandtocheckpeople□shealth.Bothneighborhoodparksanda

largecentralparkforrecreationandsocialgatheringsaredesignedtobringthepeople

together.

ToyotaplanstopopulatethecitywithToyotaMotorCorporationemployeesand

theirfamilies,visitingscientistsandindustrypartners.Theplanisfor2,000peopleto

start,addingmoreastheprojectdevelops.

ttBuildingacompletecityfromscratch,eveninasmallsizelikethis,isaunique

chancetodevelopfuturetechnologies.Withpeople,buildingsandvehiclesall

connectedandcommunicatingwitheachotherthroughsensors,wewillbeabletotest

"connectedAItechnology,inboththevirtualandthephysicalareastomaximizeits

potential,,,saidAkioToyoda,presidentofToyotaMotorCorporation.

Expertssaysmartcities,likeToyotaDs“WovenCity”,willgreatlyimproveour

livingconditions.

8.Whatis''e-Palette"inParagraph2?

A.Anintelligentrobot.

B-Adriverlesscar.

C.Anautonomousbike.

D.Aslowvehicle.

9.WhatcanwesayaboutWovenCity?

A.Allthehousesarebuiltwithwoodonly.

B.OnlyToyotaworkerslivethere.

C.Itisdesignedtohold2,000people.

D.Justgreenpowerisusedinthecity.

10.WhatisAkioToyoda□sopinion?

A.Heisnotsatisfiedwiththesmallsizeofthecity.

B.Itisdifficulttobuildacompletecityofthefuture.

C.Thecityisagoodplatformtotestfuturetechnologies.

D.Toyotaiscommittedtoimprovingthelivingconditions.

11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatDoesaζ?CityoftheFuture,,LookLike?

B.CanToyota□s"WovenCity"BecomeaReality?

C.Toyota□sPlanfora??CityoftheFuture^^

D.NewTechnologiesfbr"SmartCitiesoftheFuture^^

D

By2035,NASAwantstolandhumansonMars.Butreachingtheredplanet,on

averagearound140millionmilesaway,willbedifficult.ColderthanAntarcticaand

withlittletonooxygen,theenvironmentonMarsisunfriendly.Besides,thelongerit

takesastronautstogetthereandthelongertheystay,themoretheyareatrisk.

Thafswhyscientistsarelookingforwaystoreducetriptime.ASeattle-based

companyUltraSafeNuclearTechnologies(USNC-Tech)hasofferedasolution:an

NTPenginethatcouldgethumansfromEarthtoMarsinjustthreemonths.Suchan

enginetakesadvantageofnucleartechnology.Currently,theshortestpossibletripfor

anunmannedspacecrafttakessevenmonths,butamannedmissionisexpectedtotake

atleastninemonths.Shortermissionswouldlimittheastronaut□sexposuretospace

radiation,butthereisstillconcernabouttheradiationsentoutfromthenuclearreactor

insidethespacecraft.Thiswouldbemitigatedthroughtherocket□sdesign.

“Toprotectpeopleontheground,theNTPspacecraftwouldnotliftoffdirectly

fromEarth,,,JeffSheehy,aNASAscientist,adds."Instead,aregularchemicalrocket

wouldcarryitintoorbit,andonlythenwoulditfireupitsnuclearreactor."Oncein

orbit,itcoulddolittleharm,asheatradiationcannotmovethroughaVaCUUm（真空）.If

disasterhitandtherocket□sreactorbrokeup,thepieceswouldnotlandonEarth-or

anyotherplanet-forthousandsofyears.Bythattime,theradioactivesubstance

wouldhave"naturallygottothepointwhereitwasn□tdangerousanymore,,?

MichaelEades,directorofengineeringatUSNC-Tech,saysthatnuclear-powered

rocketswouldbemorepowerfulandtwiceasefficientasthechemicalenginesused

today,meaningtheycouldtravelfurtherandfaster,whileburninglessfuel.

??Nuclear-poweredrocketswillbethekeytoopeningupthesolarsystembutitcould

beatleasttwodecadesbeforetheyareusedwidely,,,hesays,addingthatnumerous

demonstrationsandtestswouldneedtobecarriedoutbeforeanastronautissentto

MarsinanNTProcket.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutMarsaccordingtothetext?

A.Itisabout140millionmetersaway.

B.Itisburninghot.

C.Itisrichinoxygen.

D.ItischallengingtoreachMars.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigated“inParagraph2mean?

A.Shortened.B.Relieved.C.Achieved.D.Simplified.

14.WhatwillprobablyhappenaftertheNTPspacecraftentersitsorbit?

A.Theheatradiationwillbekeptfrommoving.

B.Itsradioactivesubstancewilldisappearfast.

C.ThebrokenreactorwillbeleftonMars.

D.Itwon□tgiveoutnuclearradiationinspace.

15.WhatdoMichaelEadeS匚wordsindicateabouttheNTPspacecraft?

A.Itwillbeabreakthroughinspaceexploration.

B.IthasbeenwidelyusedforNASA.

C.ItwillflytoMarswithoutastronautsfortests.

D.Itcarriesmorefuelthanaregularone.

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有

兩項為多余選項。

HowtoSucceedinScience

Tosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhaveto

combineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblock

yourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.

16

Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewho

arebrighterthanyou.It□slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,Ineverwantedto

playgameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.

Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn□tsimplytowin;itDstowinat

somethingreallydifficult.17

Takerisks.

Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.If

youaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedto

succeedbydefinition.18Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.

Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.

Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,and

thenleavesyoualone.I□mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.19

It□sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon□twanttobewithotherscientists,because

youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.

Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.

Somyfinalruleis:20

A.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.

B.Ifyoucan□tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.

C.Putanotherway,it□stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.

D.Makesureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.

E.Avoidfoolishpeople.

F.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.

G.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.

16.17.18.19.20.

第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處

的最佳選項。

Careersinsciencearegenerallybelievedtobetoocomplexforstudentswho

aren□ttalentedorcleverenough,butScottKelly,commanderoftheInternational

SpaceStation,wouldproveit□swrong.

Asakid,hewasabsent-mindedand21inscienceandallothersubjectsas

well.Hecouldn□t22whattheteacherssaidinclass.Therefore,heearned

terriblegradesand23graduatedfromhighschool,andheeventhoughthe

wouldnever24hisdreams.

Thatall25whenhepickedupthefilmTheRightStuff,TomWolfe□s

classicaccountofthepioneeringAmericanswhofirstexploredspace.26,hewas

determinedtobeanastronaut,whichmeantdoingwellin27class.Sofromthat

dayon,he28hismindtodowellinit.

Aftersomanyyears□daydreaming,itwouldn□tbe29.Buthestarted

regardingstudyasagame.Themorehe30hisstudyskills,thebetterhegot.

Eventually,itbecamea(n)31withhimselftoseehowgoodhecouldget.Then

theformer32startedgettingstraightA□sinscience,whichis33for

thosewhowanttobeanastronaut.

Soweneedtostop34theideathatscienceisjusttoohard.Everyonecan

Ieamthisstuff-hejustneedstobe35todothework.

2l.A.uninterestedB.absorbed

C.engagedD.experienced

22.A.holdonB.bankon

C.lookintoD.focuson

23.A.easilyB.nearly

C.barelyD.successfully

24.A.abandonB.acknowledge

C.endD.achieve

25.A.finishedB.suspended

C.occurredD.changed

26.A.InspiredB.Depressed

C-SatisfiedD.Shocked

27.A.scienceB.architecture

C.geographyD.chemistry

28.A.putupB.madeup

C.passedupD.weighedup

29.A.altemativeB.difficult

C.easyD.decent

30.A.rejectedB.practiced

C.arrangedD.exchanged

31.A.principleB.agreement

C.competitionD.guidance

32.A.astronautB.daydreamer

C.scientistD.pioneer

33.A.essentialB.superior

C.convenientD.worthy

34.A.correctingB.abandoning

C.emphasisingD.dismissing

35.A.ashamedB.availableC.afraidD.willing

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Chinaplanstoestablishascientificstationonthemoonandhasstarted

preparatoryresearch,accordingtoakeyfigureinthecountry□slunarexploration

program.

??Thenextstepsinourlunarexplorationendeavor(努力)willbechallengingand

demandingasweaimtosetupa36(science)OUtPOSt(前哨基地)onthemoon□s

southpole.Inthenearfuture,wewillalsosendour37(astronaut)tolandonthe

moon,“saidWuWeiren,chiefdesignerofChina□slunarexplorationprogramand

38academician(院士)oftheChineseAcademyofEngineering,onTuesday.Heis

nowworking39theplanningandresearchfortheproposedscientificstation

andthelunarprogram□sfourthstep.InChina□slunarmission,theChang□e4

roboticPrObe(探測器)，40consistsofanunmovablelanderandalunarrover(月

球車)namedYutu-2,41(lift)ontopofaLongMarch3Bcarrierrocketin

December2018attheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenterinsouthwestChina□sSichuan

Province,42(mark)thecountry□sfourthlunarexplorationandtheworld□sfirst

expeditiontothefarsideofthemoon.

Theprobelanded43(soft)onthefarsideonJan.3,2019,andthenreleased

Yutu-244(survey)thelandingsiteintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Sofar,the

landerandrover45（operate）formorethan1,000days.Yutu-2hastraveled

morethan839metersonthelunarsoil.

36.37.38.39.40.

41.42.43.44.45.

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

假定你是李華,一名高中生,你校校園網(wǎng)站要招收英文網(wǎng)絡編輯（network

editor）,請根據(jù)以下提示,用英語向外教主編Chris申請這一職位。

L關心時事（CUrrentaffairs）,對新聞工作OoUmaliSm）感興趣；

2?有做?？浾叩墓ぷ鹘?jīng)歷；

3.擅長英語,曾獲英語寫作競賽一等獎。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)；

3.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。

DearChris,

I□mLiHua,aseniorhighschoolstudent.

Yours,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的

短文。

“Cut,cut,cut!”Ishouted.Butthatdidn□tstopChewyfromchasingafterthe

squirrels（追逐松鼠）thathadcaughthiseyehalfwaythroughtheshot.

ζ?You□resupposedtoberunningafterthethief,notsquirrels!,,Isaid.

ButChewydidn□tcare.HehadalreadymovedontochewinghisIeaSh（皮帶）.

WhatkindofHollywooddogwearsaleash?ItwasDad□srule,though.Because

Chewywasonlyalittledog,IhadtokeephimontheIeashwheneverwefilmed

outside.AslongasIfollowedthatrule,IcoulduseDad□soldcellphonetoshootmy

movie.

??Let□strythisagain,,,Isaid.

Thistime,Chewyrantheentirelengthofthebackyard.Withtheleashon,though,

hedidn□texactlyappeartobeinanyrealhurrytocatchanyone.Theonlywayto

makethislookrealwouldbetotakeofftheleash.Butthatwouldmeanbreakingthe

promiseImadetoDad.

Ontheotherhand,ifImovedquicklyandwascarefulwithmycameraangles,

wouldDadeverknowaboutit?

Aftertakingofftheleash,IputChewydownonhismark,readytorecord.But

beforeIcouldshout“Action!”,Chewyranacrosstheyardanddownthedrivewayand

jumpedincirclesaroundMrs.Yang,ournext-doorneighbor.

“YoumustsmellthedoggybiscuitsIjustboughtforyou,^^shesaidtohim.

That□swhenChewynoticedherbag.Asifitwereoneofhistoys,hegrabbeditwith

hismouthandpulled.Mrs.Yang□sthingsdroppedonthesidewalk.

IwantedtoapologizeandhelpMrs.Yangpickupherthings.ButthenI

rememberedsomething.IfDadfoundoutIhadtakenChewy□sleashoff,Iwouldn□t

beabletousehiscellphoneanymore.Inapanic,ItookChewyandraninsidethe

house.

WhenDadarrivedhomethatevening,Ihandedhimhiscellphone."Didyou

finishshootingyourmoviea?ready?^^heasked.

注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。

Paragraph1:

Ishookmyheadandtoldhimeverythingthathadhappened.

Paragraph2:

'tApologyaccepted,,,saidMrs.Yang.

答案全解全析

1.B2.C3.B4.D5.D6.B7.D

8.B9.D10.C11.C12.D13.B14.A

15.A16.E17.C18.G19.F20.B21.A

22.D23.C24.D25.D26.A27.A28.B

29.C30.B31.C32.B33.A34.C35.D

36.scientific37.astronauts38.an39.on40.which41.waslifted42.marking43.softly44.to

survey45.haveoperated

第一部分閱讀

第一”

A

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了SmartKids收集的在十月份舉行的四項以科學為主題的

活動,以及各項活動的內(nèi)容和特色。

1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“itisexperimentingwith...(PWYD)...canafford”可知,PWYD指你可以決

定支付你想要的或能負擔得起的東西,而四項活動的介紹中只有IntroductiontoWaves有PWYD,故選Bo

2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SCienCeintheField中的“ascientist...gatheringfirst-handdataon..."以及“JoinMark

SamuelstofindOUt…”可知MarkSamuels會談論收集一手數(shù)據(jù)的經(jīng)歷。故選Co

3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)WalkontheWildSide中的“hearsciencestorics,?IntroductiontoWaves中的“Subjects

rangefrom...tocrashingwavesontheocean.,?ScienceintheField中的“ascientistsharing...first-handdata”與

FestivalDinner中的“markthefirstsciencefestival”可知,四項活動的共同點是它們都以科學為主題,故選Bo

B

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文,介紹了中國航空航天科學家郭世宇。

4.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知,在大學里,郭世宇掌握了專業(yè)知識,為他的航空事業(yè)做準備。故選

Do

5.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“hesaw...Changle1makeasmoothlaunch...Tiangong-Itookanother

step...madeupmymindtoworkonspacemissions”可知是太空探索的成就鼓舞他從事了現(xiàn)在的職業(yè)。故選D0

6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句以及倒數(shù)第二段的第一句可知,郭世宇出生在一個航空航天家庭，

從比他先從事該行業(yè)的家人那里學會了細心和認真。因此家庭傳統(tǒng)是他取得成就的重要因素。故選B。

7.D推理判斷題。在最后一段中,郭世宇說到,他的征途是星辰大海,他希望有一天太空飛行能像現(xiàn)在坐火車

或飛機一樣容易,由此可推斷,他對中國的航空航天工業(yè)持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選Do

C

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了豐田汽車公司計劃運用人工智能來打造的未來智慧城市

“WovenCity”的設計藍圖。

8.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"onlyfully-autonomous...willbeallowedontheroads...e-Palettewillbeused

fortransportationanddeliveries”可推知,e-Palette是豐田汽車公司設計制造的無人駕駛汽車。故選B0

9.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“becoveredwithsolarpanelsducedbyH2fuelCelIS”可知該城市僅使

用太陽能及氫燃料電池,故推斷這個城市只使用綠色能源。故選Do

10.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句話的內(nèi)容可知,AkioToyoda認為在這個城市中,他們能夠在虛擬和

現(xiàn)實世界中測試，，互聯(lián)人工智能技術，，,故推斷他的觀點是:這個智慧城市是一個測試未來技術的好平臺。故選

Co

Il-C主旨大意題。本文第一段第一句點明文章主旨,介紹了豐田公司的未來智慧城市"WovenCity”的藍圖，

下文以此展開描述,所以文章的最佳標題為:豐田的“未來城市”計劃。故選C0

D

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了西雅圖一家公司在研發(fā)一種核動力引擎以助力NASA的載人探

索火星計劃。

12.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“reachingtheredplanet...willbedifficult”可知,到達火星是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。

故選D。

13.B詞義猜測題。畫線詞上文提到"thereisstillconcernabouttheradiation,,,T一段提到“theNTPspacecraft

wouldnotliftoffdirectlyfromEarth''以及"aregular...carryitintoorbit...onlythen...fireupitsnuclearreactor”可

知上文提到的擔憂可以通過火箭的設計（即下文提到的辦法）得到緩解。故選Bo

14.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知,NTP飛船進入軌道后,熱輻射將被阻止移動。故選A。

15.A推理判斷題。最后一段中,MichaelEades說道,核動力火箭將比現(xiàn)在使用的化學發(fā)動機功率更大,效率是

現(xiàn)在的兩倍,這意味著它們可以飛得更遠、更快,同時燃燒更少的燃料。由此判斷,這將是太空探索的一個突破。

故選A。

4第Q?一-------^-HP-

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了如何在科學上取得成功。

16.E設空處為本段的主旨句,作者認為只有和比自己聰明的人在一起才能學到東西,所以本段建議避免和愚

蠢的人在一起。故選E。

17.C根據(jù)設空處前一句話可知,作者認為最高的目標不僅僅是獲勝,而是在一些非常困難的事情上獲勝。換

句話說,就是去超出自己能力范圍的領域并名列前茅。C項是對前一句話的進一步解釋,符合語境。

18.G根據(jù)設空處前文可知,作者認為,一名科學家如果想取得巨大成功,必須準備好陷入很深的困境中。如果

你打算在科學上有一個巨大的飛躍,你很可能沒有資格獲得成功。此外,你甚至也要準備好懷疑你心中的科學

英雄。G項符合本段主旨并順應前文內(nèi)容。

19.F根據(jù)設空處前一句話可知,在科學研究中,對于自己不喜歡的事情作者做不好,但對于自己喜歡的事情

作者也不一定能做好。故選F。

20.B在本段中,作者建議要和其他科學家交流,甚至要和你的競爭對手交流。因此此處做出總結:如果你無法

忍受與真正和你相匹敵的人一起工作,你就不要進行科學研究了。故選Bo

第二部分語言運用

第4q?一-"HP-

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文,講述了ScottKelly從一個成天做白日夢的差等生,到下定決心成為一名宇航

員,努力學習科學并實現(xiàn)夢想的故事。

21.A根據(jù)空格前的“absent-minded”可知,他心不在焉,對科學和其他所有科目都不感興趣。故選Ao

22.D根據(jù)下文的“Therefore,heearnedterriblegrades”可知,因為課上不集中注意力聽老師講課,所以他成績

糟糕。故選Do

23.C根據(jù)上文的“Therefbre,heearnedterriblegrades”可知,他成績?nèi)悦銖娔軓母咧挟厴I(yè)。故選C0

24.D根據(jù)空后的“hisdreams”和上文描述可知,他成績差,所以他甚至認為自己無法實現(xiàn)夢想。故選Do

25.D根據(jù)下文的“whenhepickedupthefilmTheRightStUfF'以及“hewasdeterminedtobeanastronaut”可知,

這部電影對他影響很大,他想要成為一名宇航員,所以是一切都發(fā)生了改變。故選Do

26.A上句提到《太空英雄》這部電影,下文提到他決心成為一名宇航員,應是受到了電影的啟發(fā)。故選A。

27.A要想成為一名宇航員,應該是在科學課上表現(xiàn)出色,下文的“straightAbinSeienCe”也是提示。故選A0

28.B為了成為一名宇航員,他下定決心學好科學。故選B。

29.C根據(jù)空格前的“Aftersomanyyears'daydreaming”可知,因為這么多年都在做白日夢,所以實現(xiàn)夢想不易。

故選C。

30.B根據(jù)空后的“hisstudyskills,thebetterhegot”可知,此處指學習技巧練習得越多,他獲得的成績就變得越

好。故選B0

31.C根據(jù)空后的“seehowgoodhecouldget”可知,此處指他開始和自己比賽,看自己能做得多好。故選Co

32.B此處是說他之前是什么樣的,由上文的“somanyyears'daydreaming”可知他之前是一個經(jīng)常做白日夢

的人。故選Bo

33.A要想成為宇航員,科學成績?nèi)珒?yōu)肯定是必不可少的。故選A。

34.C根據(jù)下文“EveryonecanlearnthisStUfr'可知,每個人都可以學習科學,所以不要再強調(diào)科學太難了這一

觀點。故選C。

35.D只要大家愿意學習科學,就可以學好科學。故選D。

4≠r--M-

第一”

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,介紹了我國計劃在月球上建立一個科研站,且其準備研究工作已經(jīng)開始。

36.scientific考查形容詞。設空處修飾名詞OUtPOSt,作定語,應用形容詞SCientific。

37.astronauts考查名詞復數(shù)。此處指把我們的宇航員送上月球,由語境可知此處表示復數(shù)含義,所以用該名詞

的復數(shù)形式astronautso

38.an考查冠詞。此處表示一位中國工程