大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

GrammarSummaryofCollegeEnglishTestBand3IntroductionMorphologyTensesandVoicesNonfineverbsCompoundpresenceSubjunctivemoodSpecialpresencepatternsIntroduction01TheCollegeEnglishTestBand3(CET3)isanationalEnglishproficiencyexamforcollegestudentsinChinaItisdesignedtoassessstudents'EnglishlanguageproficiencyandabilitytouseEnglishintheiracademicandpracticalsettingsTheexamisdividedintothreesections:reading,listening,andgrammarandvocabularyThegrammarsectiontestsstudents'knowledgeandunderstandingofEnglishgrammarrules,presencestructure,andvocabularyusageExamIntroductionTheimportanceofgrammarinexamsGrammarknowledgeisessentialforeffectivecommunicationinEnglishItensuresthatsensesaregrammaticallycorrect,makingthemunderstandableandfluentGoodgrammarskillscansignificantlyimprovestudents'performanceinexamsCorrectgrammarusagecanenhancetheclarityandprecisionofwrittenandspokencommunication,makingiteasierforevaluatorstounderstandandapplythestudent'sEnglishproficiencyGrammaticalaccuracyisoftenakeycriterionforscoringinexamsTheevaluatorspaycloseattentiontogrammarmisses,astheycandisrupttheflowandcomprehensionofthetextTherefore,studentsneedtobewellversedinEnglishgrammarrulestoachievehighscoresinexamsMorphology02Summarywords:Nounsarewordsthatrepresentnamessuchaspeople,things,abstractconcepts,etc.Detaileddescription:Nounscanbedividedintotwocategories:propernounsandcommonnouns.Propernounsrefertospecificnamessuchas"China,""Beijing,"and"theUnitedNations.".Commonnounsrefertothenamesofaclassofpeople,things,orabstractconcepts,suchas"student","flower","happiness".Nounscanalsobedividedintocountablenounsanduncountablenouns.Countablenounshavesingularandpluralforms,whileuncountablenounsdonothavepluralforms.NounVerbSummarywords:Verbsarewordsthatindicateactions,states,orexistence.Detaileddescription:Verbscanbedividedintotransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs.Transitiveverbscanbedirectlyfollowedbyanobject,whileintransitiveverbscannotbedirectlyfollowedbyanobject.Verbscanalsobedividedintoregularverbsandirregularverbs.Thepasttenseandpastparticipleformsofregularverbscanbeformedbyaddingthe-edsuffix,whileirregularverbshavenofixedrulesofvariation.Inaddition,therearesomespecialtypesofverbssuchasauxiliaryverbsandmodalverbs.Summarywords:Adjectivesandadverbsarewordsusedtomodifynounsorverbs.Detaileddescription:Adjectivesareusedtodescribethenature,characteristics,orstateofnounsorpronouns,suchas"beautiful","happy","big".Adverbsareusedtodescribethedegree,time,place,etc.ofverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs,suchas"very","slow","here".Adjectivesandadverbsbothhavecomparativeandsuperlativeforms,withcomparativeindicatingahigherdegreeandsuperlativeindicatingthehighestdegree.SubjectsandadvertisementsPreparationSummaryword:Aprepositionisawordusedtoindicatetherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherpartsofasentence.Detaileddescription:Prepositionsarecommonlyusedtoexpressrelationshipssuchastime,place,manner,andreason,suchas"in","on","at","because".Prepositions,togetherwithnounsorpronouns,formprepositionalphrasesthatactasadverbsorcomplementsinasentencetosupplementandexplainothercomponentsofthesentence.Prepositionalphrasescanalsoserveasindependentcomponentsofasentence,usedtoconnecttwosentencesorclauses.ConnectionSummaryword:Conjunctionsarewordsusedtoconnecttwosentencesorclauses.Detaileddescription:conjunctionscanbedividedintocoordinateconjunctionsandsubordinateconjunctions.Coordinateconjunctionsareusedtoconnecttwoparallelsimplesentences,suchas"and","or","but".Subordinateconjunctionsareusedtoconnectthemainclauseandsubordinateclauses,suchas"that","which","who".Conjunctionscanalsobedividedintopositiveandnegativeconjunctions.Positiveconjunctionsareusedtoconnecttwocomponentswithpositivemeanings,whilenegativeconjunctionsareusedtoconnecttwocomponentswithnegativemeanings.TensesandVoices03PresenttenseSummaryThepresenttenseisusedtodescribeactionsandsituationsthatarehappeningcurrentlyoraredomesticExample"Ieatanappleeveryday.","Shestudieshard."ThepasttenseisusedtodescribeactionsandsituationsthathappenedinthepastSummary"Yesterday,Ihadadeliciousmeal.","Lastyear,theyvisitedEurope."ExamplesPasttenseThefuturetenseisusedtodescribeactionsandsituationsthatwillhappeninthefuture"Nextweek,wewillgoonatrip.""Intwodays,theywillcompletetheproject."FuturetenseExamplesSummaryVSThepassivevoiceisusedtofocusontheactionratherthantheactorItisformedbyusingtheauxiliaryverb"tobe"withthepastparticleofthemainverbExamples"Thebookwaswrittenbytheauthor.""Thehousehasbeensolved."SummaryPassivevoiceNonfineverbs04usageAsthesubject,indicatingthepurposeorresult,suchas"TostudyEnglishisimportant."Formacompoundpredicate,suchas"Heissaidtohaveleftthecountry."Modifyotherverbsasadverbials,suchas"Irecommendtochoosethisbook."Definition:Theoriginalformofaverbdoesnotindicatetense,voice,orsubjectverbrelationship.InfinitiveDefinition:gerund,indicatingthenatureofanounbutretainingthecharacteristicsofaverb.usageAsthesubjectorobject,suchas"Readingbooksismyfavoritehobby."Formacompoundpredicate,suchas"Ienjoyplayingtheguitar."Usedafteraprepositiontoindicatepurposeorreason,suchas"Iamlookingforwardtomeetingyou."0102030405GerundUsedinpassivevoicetoindicatetherecipientofanaction,suchas"Thebookwaspublishedin2010."Formacompoundpredicate,suchas"Thebookwrittenbyhimisverypopular."Asanadjective,modifynouns,suchas"Thequotedchildrenwererunningaroundtheplayground."Definition:Aparticiplethatindicatesanactionisinprogressorcompleted.usageParticleCompoundpresence05SubjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthesubjectofasenseIttypicallycomesbeforethemainclauseandisintroducedbyasubcoordinatingconnectionsuchas"Although,""Because,"or"If."Example:"Althoughsheisyoung,shehasalotofexperience."SubjectClauseObjectclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsastheobjectofasenseItcanbethedirectobjectortheindirectobjectObjectclaimsareintroducedbysuborderingconnectionslike"After,""Before,"or"When."Example:"IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim."ObjectClauseVSPredictiveclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasthepremiseofapresence,commonlyfollowingthesubjectandverbItisintroducedbyarelativepronounlike"which,""that,"or"who."Example:"ThebookthatIreadwasveryinteresting."PredictiveClauseAppetiteclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanAppetite,providingadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronooninthemainclauseItisintroducedbyarelativepronounlike"which,""that,"or"who."Example:"Myfriend,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor."AppeositiveClauseAttributiveclauseisadependentclausethatmodifiesanounorpronooninthemainclauseItisintroducedbyarelativepronounlike"which,""that,"or"who."Example:"ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywasveryinteresting."AttributiveClauseSubjunctivemood06Summary:Thesubjunctionmoodisusedinconditionalsensestoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarecontemporarytofactorhighlyunlikelytooccurDetails:Inconditionalsenses,thesubcriticalmoodisusedinthe"if"clausewhentheconditioniscontemporarytofactorhighlyunlikelytoocurItisformedbyusingthe"were"insteadof"was"inthe"if"clausewhenthesubjectissingular,and"were"insteadof"were"or"was"inthe"if"clausewhenthesubjectispluralExample:"Ifhewasadoctor,hewouldbeabletohelpyou."(Contrarytofact)TheusageofsubcriticalmoodinconditionalsensesSummaryThesubjectivemoodisusedinsubjectclausestoexpresswishesorhypothesesaboutthesubjectDetailsInsubjectclauses,thesubordinatemoodisformedbyusingthecorrectverbformforthesubjectandadding"were"or"was"beforethepredicateItisusedtoexpresswishesorhypothesesaboutthesubjectExample"Hewasadoctor,hewouldbeabletohelpyou."(Hypothetical)TheusageofsubjectivemoodinsubjectclausesSummaryThesubjectivemoodisusedinobjectclaimstoexpresswishesorhypothesesabouttheobjectDetailsInobjectclauses,thesubjunctionmoodisformedbyusingthecorrectverbformforthesubjectandadding"were"or"was"beforethepredicateItisusedtoexpresswishesorhypothesesabouttheobjectExample"Iwishhewereadoctor.Hewouldbeabletohelpme."(Wis