初三英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)(代詞)

SpecialReviewofEnglishGrammarforJuniorHighSchoolStudents(Pronouns)PersonalpronounsReflexivepronounsDemonstrativepronounRelativepronounInterrogtivepronouns目錄PositivepronounConjunctivepronounIndefinitepronounMutualpronoun目錄01PersonalpronounsIMeMyselfMine01020304FirstpersonsingularYouYourselfYouYoursSecondpersonsingularThirdpersonsingularHimselfHeSheHerselfItItself02ReflexivepronounsReflexiveproofsareusedtoshowthatthesubjectandtheobjectarethesamepersonorthingCommonreflexivepronounsinclude:"Myself","Yourself","himself","herself","itself","ourselves","themselves",and"themselves"Reflexiveproofsareoftenusedinsenseswherethesubjectandobjectarethesamepersonorthing,suchas"Ihurtmyself."Thebasicusageofreflectivepronouns02030401ThepositionofreflectiveproofsinsentimentsReflexiveproofscommonlycomeafterthesubjectinasense,butbeforetheverbForexample:"Imyselfliketoreadbooks."However,insomecases,thereflexivepronouncancomeaftertheverb,specificallywhenitisusedwithapositionForexample:"Ifoundmyselfinanewcity."Specialusageofreflectivepronouns01Reflexiveproofscanbeusedtoemphasizethesubjectorobjectofasense02Forexample:"Hesawhimselfinthemirror."(emphasizingthesubject)or"Shesawhimselfreflectedinhiseyes."(emphasizingtheobject)03Reflexiveproposalscanalsobeusedtoshowsessionorownership,specificallywhencombinedwithsessionobjectivesornouns04Forexample:"Myselfandmyfamilyliveinasmallhouse."03Demonstrativepronoun01That-usedtopointoutaspecificobjectorpersonthatisfurtherawayfromthespeakerorinadifferentlocationThese-usedtopointoutagroupofobjectsorpeoplethatareclosedtothespeakerThis-usedtopointoutagroupofobjectsorpeoplethatarefurtherawayfromthespeakerorinadifferentlocationThis-usedtopointoutaspecificobjectorpersonthatisclosedtothespeaker020304Thebasicusageofdemonstrativeproofs0102ThepositionofdemonstrativeproofsinasenseTheseandthosearecommonlyusedassubjectsorpredictions,butcanalsobeusedasobjectsThisandthatcanbeusedassubjects,objects,orpredictionsinasenseSuch-usedtoemphasizetheuniquenessorspecialtyofsomethingTheseandthosecanbeusedasdefinepronounswhencombinedwithotherwords,suchas"one"or"many."Specialusageofempiricalproofs04RelativepronounRelativeproposalscanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofaverb,orastheobjectofapositionRelativepronounsareusedtointroduceinformationthatisrelatedtotherestofthesentenceTheyareoftenusedtoidentifyordescribeapersonorthingCommonrelativepronounsinclude"who,""which,""that,"and"who."TheBasicUsageofRelativePronouns

ThepositionofrelevantannouncementsinintentionsRelativepronounscommonlycomeatthebeginningoftheclaimtheyintroduce,buttheycanalsoappearattheendWhentherelevantproposalisthesubjectoftheclause,itusuallyappearsatthebeginningWhentherelevantknowledgeistheobjectofaverborposition,itusuallyappearsattheend010204SpecialUsageofRelativePronounsWhoisusedtorefertopeopleItcanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofaverb,orastheobjectofapropositionWhichisusedtorefertothingsandanimalsItcanonlybeusedastheobjectofaverborpositionThatisusedtorefertopeople,things,andanimalsItcanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofaverb,orastheobjectofapropositionWhatisusedtoshowsessionorownershipItisalwaysusedinreferencetoapersonandcanonlybeusedastheobjectofaverborposition0305InterrogtivepronounsWhyWhatUsedtoaskaboutthingsorideasExample:"Whatisyourname?"WhereUsedtoaskaboutlocationExample:"Whereareyougoing?"WhenUsedtoaskabouttimeExample:"Whenwillyoufinish?"UsedtoaskaboutpeopleExample:"Whoisthat?"WhoWhichUsedtoaskforaspecificpersonorthingfromagroupExample:"Whichonedoyoulike?"UsedtoaskaboutreasonsExample:"Whydidyoudothat?"ThebasicusageofaggressivepronounsInterrogressivepronunciationscanbeplacedatthebeginningofasenseorafteracommaWhenplacedatthebeginningofasentence,theword"do"isoftenaddedbeforetheaggressiveproclamationExample:"Doyouknowwhoheis?"Whenplacedafteracomma,thepresencestructureremainsthesameasaregulardeclarativepresenceExample:"Iknowwhoheis,butIdon'tknowwherehelives."ThepositionofaggressiveintentionsinintentionsHowUsedtoaskaboutmethodsorconditionsExample:"Howdidyoudothat?"WhatUsedtoaskaboutasessionExample:"Whatbookisthis?"WhyUsedinconditionalpresencetoaskaboutpossibilityoruncertaintyExample:"Idon'tknowwhichhewillcomeornot."Specialusageofaggressivepronouns06PositivepronounUsesessionpromotionstoshowsession,ownership,orrelationshipForexample,"Mybookisonthetable."PositiveproposalscanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofasenseForexample,"Mineisthebestbook."ThebasicusageofpositivepronounsAssubjectorobjectToshowsessionAtthebeginningPossessiveproofscanbeplacedatthebeginningofapresencetoemphasizepositionorownershipForexample,"Mineisthebestbookeverwritten."AfterapositionWhenusedafteraposition,positivepronunciationsshouldfollowthepositionForexample,"Sheisthepersonaftermine."ThepositionofthepassivepromotioninapresenceWithdefineproofsWhenusedwithdefineproofs,positiveproofscanhaveacollectivemeaningForexample,"Someone'slefttheirumbrella."WithpassivenounsWhenusedwithpassivenouns,passivepronounscanclarifysessionorownershipForexample,"Thecar'smine."Specialusageofpositivepronouns07ConjunctivepronounIntroductionConjunctivepronounsareusedtoconnecttwosensesintoonecoherentthoughtTheyhelptocreateasmoothtransitionbetweenideas,makingtheoverallmeaningcleanerExample1"Iliketoreadbooks,andsheenjoyswatchingmovies."Example2"Heisadoctor,butsheisateacher."ThebasicusageofconnectingpronounsThepositionofconnectingpronounsinapresence"Ilovetohide,and(whenit'scold)shepreferstostayindoors."(Inthissense,"and"isplacedatthebeginningofthesecondclause,justafterthecomma.)ExampleTheplacementoftransitionalpronunciationswithinasenseiscriticaltomaintainingclarityandflowIntroductionConjunctivepronounsarecommonlyplacedatthebeginningofthesecondclausetheyareconnectingThishelpstosetupthetransitionandmakeitsmoothPlacementIntroductionThereareseveralinstanceswhereconvergentpronounshaveamorespecificornuancedmeaningthantheirgeneralusageSubordinateFunctionSomeconvergentpronounscanalsofunctionassuborderingjunctions,introducingasuborderclauseForexample,"because,""after,"and"before"canallfunctionsasbothconditionalpronounsandsuborderingconnectionsExample"Iwillgotothestorebeforeshecomesover."Specialusageofconnectingpronouns08IndefinitepronounUsedtorefertoapersonorthingwithoutspecifyingtheidentityCanbeusedasthesubject,object,orlikelyofapresenceExample:"Somebodyiscoming."ThebasicusageofdefinepronounsThepositionofthedefineprotocolcanaffecttheemphasisortoneofthepresenceExample:"Someoneimportantiscoming."(Emphasison"someone")Indefinitepronounscanbeplacedatthebeginning,middle,orendofasentenceThepositionofdefinepronounsinapresence01020304IndefinitepronounscanbeusedwithnegativestoexpressanentiregrouporclassExample:"Nooneiscoming."(Meansnoonefromthegrouporclass)IndefinitepronounscanalsobeusedwithqualifierstoexpressapartialgrouporclassExample:"Mostpeoplearecoming."(Meansmostpeoplefromthegrouporclass)Specialusageofdefinepronouns09MutualpronounMutualproofsareusedtorefertopeoplewhoareperformingthesameactionorhavethesamecharacteristicincommonWhenusingmultiplepronouns,thesubjectandobjectformshouldbe