Chapter1-科技英語簡介課件

IntroductiontoScienceandTechnologyEnglishCourseware目錄IntroductionTheGrammarCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishTheVocabularyCharacteristicsofScienceandTechnologyEnglish目錄TranslationTechniquesforScientificEnglishTheLearningMethodsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishConclusion01IntroductionScientificEnglishisasubsetofEnglishusedinthecommunicationofscientificknowledgeandresearchItischaracterizedbyaformalandpreciselanguage,withafocusonclarityandprecisionofexpressionItencompassedarangeofwritingstyles,includingacademicarticles,researchpapers,grantproposals,andotherdocumentsusedinthescientificcommunityScientificEnglishisoftenusedinconjunctionwithtechnicaljargonandspecializedvocabularytocommunicatecomplexideasandconceptsinaprecisionandunambiguousmanualThedefinitionofscientificEnglish01ScientificEnglishisessentialforeffectivecommunicationwithinthescientificcommunity,allowingresearcherstosharetheirfindingsandideaswithpeersaroundtheworld02Itisthelanguageofscientificpublication,makingitcriticalforadvancedresearchandscholarlywork03ScientificEnglishalsoservesasabridgebetweendifferentfieldsofscience,facilitatingtheexchangeofideasandcollaborationsacrossdisciplinaryboundariesTheImportanceofScientificEnglishScientificEnglishisusedinawiderangeoffields,includingbutnotlimitedtobiology,chemistry,physics,materialsscience,engineering,andenvironmentalscienceItisalsoemployedinotherareasthatrequiresahighleveloftechnicalcommunication,suchasmedicalresearch,technologydevelopment,andpolicymakingrelatedtoscienceandtechnologyScientificEnglishisessentialforpromotinginternationalcooperationandunderstandinginscience,asitallowsresearcherstosharetheirworkwithaninternationalaudienceandbuildontheexistingknowledgebaseTheapplicationfieldsofscientificEnglish02TheGrammarCharacteristicsofScientificEnglishThepassivevoiceisfrequentlyusedinscientificEnglishtofocusonthesubjectmattercomparedtotheperformeroftheactionItcreatesamoreobjectiveandpersonaltone,emphasizingtheimportanceofthescientificconceptorexperiencecomparedtotheindividualresearchersThepassivevoiceisalsopreferredinscientificwritingbecauseitavoidstheuseofpersonalproposals,makingthetextmoreobjectiveandlesssubjectiveThishelpstoensurethattheinformationpresentedisnotinfluencedbypersonalopinionsorbiasesThepassivevoicecanalsobeusedtoconcealinformation,suchastheidentityoftheresearchersorthespecificmethodstheyusedThisiscommonincaseswheretheresearcherswishtomaintainanonymityorwherethemethodsareconsideredpreliminaryTheuseofpassivevoiceTheuseofcomplexpresencepatternsScientificEnglishofemployeescomplexpresencepatternstodiscovercomplexideasandconceptsThisallowsforamoredetailedandcomprehensiveexplanationofscientificprinciples,experiences,andfindingsComplexpresencepatternsmayincludesubcategories,partialphrases,andlongappearanceswithmultipledependentclausesThesesensitivitystructuresallowformorerigorousandpreciseexpressionofscientificideas,ensuringthatallrelevantinformationisincludedandpresentedinalogicalandcoherentmanTheuseofcomplexpresencepatternsalsohelpstodifferentiatescientificEnglishfromothertypesofEnglish,suchaspopularsciencewritingoreverydayconversationItcontainsasenseofauthorityandcredibility,reflectingtherigorousnatureofscientificresearchandtheimportanceofprecisionincommunicationApplicationofProfessionalTerminologyScientificEnglishreleaseshealthontheuseofprecisionandspecializedvocabularytocommunicatecomplexideasandconceptsaccuratelyTerminologyisessentialinensuringthatthemeaningofscientificconceptsisnotlostormisinterpretedduringcommunicationTheuseofprofessionalterminologyhelpstoestablishacommonlanguagewithinthescientificcommunity,facilitatingeffectivecommunicationandcollaborationamongresearchersItalsoensuresthatscientificfindingsareaccuratelyreportedandreproduced,promotingtheadvancementofscientificknowledgeScientificEnglishofcompaniesLatinandGreekrootsintoitsvocabulary,furtherenrichingitslexiconandenablingprecisioncommunicationaboutawiderangeofscientificconceptsLearningandmasteringthisvocabularyisessentialforanyonewhowishestocommunicateeffectivelyinthefieldofscience03TheVocabularyCharacteristicsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishScienceandtechnologyEnglishcoursesinvolvealargenumberofprofessionalvocabulary,whichusuallyhavespecificmeaningsandusage,andstudentsneedtostudyandaccumulatethemcarefully.TheaccumulationofprofessionalvocabularyhelpsstudentsbetterunderstandscientificEnglisharticlesandliterature,andimprovetheirreadingandwritingabilities.Themethodsofmemorizingprofessionalvocabularyincluderepeatedpractice,usingmemorytechniques,andmakingvocabularycards.AccumulationofprofessionalvocabularyThecreationanduseofnewwords010203Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,newtechnologicalvocabularyisconstantlyemerging,whichareusuallycreatedbycombiningexistingvocabularyorthroughwordformation.UnderstandingandmasteringthemethodsofcreatingandusingnewvocabularycanhelpstudentsbetterunderstandscientificEnglisharticlesandliterature,andimprovetheirreadingandwritingabilities.Themethodsoflearningnewvocabularyincludeconsultingdictionaries,learningwordformation,readingscientificEnglisharticlesandliterature,etc.要點三InscientificEnglish,inordertoimproveexpressionefficiency,abbreviationsareoftenusedinsteadoflongerexpressions.要點一要點二UnderstandingandmasteringthemeaningsandusagemethodsofabbreviationscanhelpstudentsbetterunderstandscientificEnglisharticlesandliterature,andimprovetheirreadingandwritingabilities.Themethodsoflearningabbreviationsincludeconsultingdictionaries,learningcommonlyusedabbreviations,readingscientificEnglisharticlesandliterature,etc.要點三Theuseofabrasions04TranslationTechniquesforScientificEnglishLiteraltranslationThistechniqueinvolvesadirect,wordforwordtranslationofthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage,maintainingtheoriginalmeaningandstructureasmanyaspossibleItisusefulwhenthesourcelanguagehasadirectequivalentinthetargetlanguageFreetranslationThistechniqueisusedwhenadirect,wordforwordtranslationisnotpossibleItallowsmoreflexibilityinadaptingthesourcelanguagetexttothetargetlanguage,focusingonconveyingtheoverallmeaningcomparedtoindividualwordsItisnecessarytorephraseorparaphrasetomakethetextnaturalandreadyinthetargetlanguageTheapplicationofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationMaintainthepassivevoiceInsomecases,itmaybenecessarytomaintainthepassivevoiceinthetargetlanguagetomaintaintheoriginalmeaningandstructureThisisparticularlytruewhenthesubjectofthepresenceisnotimportantorwhenthefocusisontheactionitself要點一要點二TransformingthepassivevoiceintoanactivevoiceInsomecases,itmaybemorenaturalandreadytotransformapassivevoiceintoanactivevoiceinthetargetlanguageThiscanhelpmakethetextmoredynamicandengagingTranslationTechniquesforPassiveSentencesLongsensescanbechallengingtotranslate,astheymaycontaincomplexstructuresandlongclausesItmaybenecessarytobreakuplongsensesintomultipleshortersensestomakethemeasiertotranslateandunderstandBreakinguplongsensesLongsensesofcontainingmultipleclaimsandideasthatneedtobetranslatedaccuratelyItisimportanttoorganizethisinformationlogicallyandcoherentlyinthetargetlanguage,ensuringthatallrelevantdetailsarecapturedcorrectlyOrganizingcomplexinformationTranslationTechniquesforLongSentences05TheLearningMethodsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishReadingEnglishscientificliteratureImprovingprofessionalvocabulary:ByreadingEnglishscientificliterature,onecancomeintocontactwithalargenumberoftechnicalEnglishprofessionalvocabulary,therebyenhancingtheirunderstandingofprofessionalknowledge.DevelopingreadingskillsforscientificEnglish:ScientificEnglishliteratureusuallyhasspecificlanguagestylesandexpressions.ByreadingEnglishscientificliterature,onecandevelopreadingskillsforscientificEnglish.Understandingtheforefrontofinternationaltechnology:ByreadingEnglishscientificandtechnologicalliterature,onecanlearnaboutthelatestscientificresearchachievementsandcutting-edgetrendsintheworld,whichhelpsbroadenone'shorizonsandimproveone'stechnologicalliteracy.SystematicLearningofScienceandTechnologyEnglishKnowledge:ParticipatinginScienceandTechnologyEnglishcoursescansystematicallylearnthebasicknowledgeandexpressionmethodsofScienceandTechnologyEnglish,andestablishalanguagesenseandexpressionabilityofScienceandTechnologyEnglish.ParticipateinScienceandTechnologyEnglishcoursesAttendingcoursescanprovideprofessionalguidanceandfeedbackfromteachers,whichhelpstocorrecterrorsinatimelymannerandimprovelearningoutcomes.ObtainingprofessionalguidanceandfeedbackParticipatingincoursesallowsforlearningandcommunicationwithotherlearners,mutuallearningandpromotion,andtheformationofagoodlearningatmosphere.InteractingandcommunicatingwithclassmatesParticipateinScienceandTechnologyEnglishcoursesFlexiblelearningtimeandlocationOnlinelearningresourcescanusuallybeaccessedatanytimeandplace,andlearnerscanchoosetolearnaccordingtotheirowntimearrangementandlocation.RichmultimediaresourcesOnlinelearningresourcesusuallyincludevariousformssuchastext,images,audio,video,etc.,whichcanprovideamorediverseandvividlearningexperience.InteractiveonlinecommunitiesManyonlinelearningplatformsofferonlinecommunityfunctions,wherelearnerscancommunicate,discuss,shareexperienceswithotherlearners,andgrowtogether.Utilizeonlinelearningresources06ConclusionCrossculturalCommunication:Asinternationalscientificcollaborationshavebecomemorecommon,theabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyintechnicalEnglishacrossculturalboundarieshasbecomecrucialforexchangingideasandsharingknowledgeIncreasingImportance:Withtherapidadvancementofscienceandtechnology,theneedforexpertiseintechnicalEnglishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantintoday'sglobalizedworldSpecializedTerminology:Asfieldssuchasnanotechnology,biotechnology,andinformationtechnologyevolution,thelanguageusedinthesefieldsbenefitsincreasinglyspecialized,requiringadeeperunderstandingandcommandoftechnicalEnglishvocabularyandconceptsTheDevelopmentTrendsofScienceandTechnologyEnglishConsistentpracticeisessentialtoimprovetechnicalEnglishproficiencyReadingscientificarticles,writingtechnicalreports,anddiscussinginscientificdiscussionsinEnglishcanhelpdevelopfluencyandaccuracyinthelanguageSpecializedtechnicalvocabularyiscriticalforeffectivecommunicationinscienceandtechnologyRegularlylearningandreviewingnewtermsandconceptscanexpandone'svocabularyandenhancecomprehension