中考英語二輪語法專項八+句子種類課件

中考英語二輪語法專項八

句子種類考點突破1.陳述句構(gòu)成例句肯定形式謂語動詞不含否定詞。分為兩種，一種為正常語序，一種為倒裝語序①My

parents

are

both

doctors.

我的父母都是醫(yī)生。②In

the

center

of

the

city

is

a

big

park.這個城市中心有一個大公園。構(gòu)成例句否定形式如果句子的謂語動詞是be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，在這些動詞之后加not，常用縮略形式①She

isn't

my

friend.

她不是我的朋友。②I

can't

go

with

you.

我不能和你一起去。③I

haven't

seen

the

film.

我沒有看過這部電影。如果句子的謂語動詞是實義動詞，在謂語動詞前要加助動詞don't，doesn't或didn'tTom

doesn't

like

playing

the

piano.

湯姆不喜歡彈鋼琴。續(xù)表構(gòu)成例句否定形式除not外，使用其他否定詞也可構(gòu)成否定句，如no，never，seldom，hardly，nothing，neither，nobody，few，little，none等①I

have

never

been

to

Shanghai.

我從來沒有去過上海。②None

of

these

pens

works/work.

這些鋼筆沒有一支能用。續(xù)表2.疑問句

疑問句指提出問題，請對方回答的句子，句末要用問號。疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。（1）一般疑問句

用于詢問某事是否屬實，通常用yes或no來回答。結(jié)構(gòu)例句Be動詞+主語+其他？—Is

she

your

sister？她是你的妹妹嗎？—Yes，she

is./No，she

isn't.是的，她是。/不，她不是。情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？—Must

I

finish

the

report？我必須完成報告嗎？—Yes，you

must./No，you

needn't.是的，你必須。/不，你不必。助動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？—Did

Tom

go

to

the

zoo？湯姆去動物園了嗎？—Yes，he

did./No，he

didn't.是的，他去了。/不，他沒有去。（2）特殊疑問句

用特殊疑問詞（組）引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫作特殊疑問句，回答時不能使用yes或no，而是根據(jù)實際情況作答。疑問詞（組）含義及用法例句who“誰”，詢問身份Who

is

the

man

under

the

tree？樹底下的那個男人是誰？which“哪一個”，詢問特定的人或物Which

book

do

you

like？你喜歡哪一本書？what“什么”，詢問職業(yè)或身份等—What

is

he？他是干什么的？—He's

a

teacher.他是一名教師。疑問詞（組）含義及用法例句when“什么時候”，詢問時間When

did

you

go

to

Shanghai

last

time？你上次去上海是什么時候？where“哪里”，詢問地點Where

is

he

from？他來自哪里？why“為什么”，詢問原因Why

are

you

late

again？你為什么又遲到了？how“怎樣，如何”，詢問方式How

do

you

go

to

school？

你怎樣去上學(xué)？whose“誰的”，詢問所屬關(guān)系Whose

is

this？這是誰的？續(xù)表疑問詞（組）含義及用法例句how

far“多遠”，詢問距離How

far

is

it

from

here

to

your

home？從這兒到你家有多遠？how

long“多長”，詢問物體長度How

long

is

the

desk？這張書桌有多長？“多長時間”，詢問時間長短，答語用“for+一段時間”或“since+時間點”—How

long

have

you

taught

in

the

school？你在這所學(xué)校教書教了多長時間了？—For

ten

years.十年了。續(xù)表疑問詞（組）含義及用法例句how

many“多少”，詢問數(shù)量，后跟可數(shù)名詞How

many

books

do

you

have？

你有多少本書？how

much“多少”，詢問數(shù)量，后跟不可數(shù)名詞How

much

water

do

you

need？

你需要多少水？“多少錢”，詢問價格How

much

are

these

books？這些書多少錢？續(xù)表疑問詞（組）含義及用法例句how

often“多久一次”，詢問頻率How

often

do

you

go

swimming？你多久去游泳一次？how

soon“多久之后”，詢問將來的時間，答語用“in+一段時間”—How

soon

will

you

come

back？你多久回來？—In

two

days.兩天之后。how

old“多大”，詢問年齡How

old

are

you？你多大了？續(xù)表（3）選擇疑問句

說話人提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種情況作答的問句叫作選擇疑問句，列出的選擇之間常用or連接。選擇疑問句不用yes或no回答，可用完整的陳述句或其簡略形式作答。結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般疑問句+選擇項A+or+選擇項B？—Do

you

like

noodles

or

rice？你喜歡面條還是米飯？—I

like

rice.我喜歡米飯。特殊疑問句+選擇項A+or+選擇項B？—Which

shirt

do

you

like

better，the

red

one

or

the

blue

one？你更喜歡哪件襯衫，紅色的還是藍色的？—I

like

the

red

one.我喜歡紅色的這件。（4）反意疑問句

附加在陳述句后的簡單問句叫反意疑問句。反意疑問句遵循“三同一反”原則（三同：人稱、動詞、時態(tài)；一反：前肯后否/前否后肯）。結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問句？Lucy

often

goes

to

school

on

foot，doesn't

she？露西常常步行去上學(xué)，不是嗎？否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問句？Max

didn't

play

basketball

yesterday，did

he？馬克斯昨天沒有打籃球，是嗎？Let's祈使句，shall

we？Let's

have

a

rest，shall

we？咱們休息一下，好嗎？肯定祈使句，will/won't

you？Stand

up，will/won't

you？站起來，好嗎？否定祈使句，will

you？Don't

be

late

again，will

you？不要再遲到了，好嗎？3.感嘆句類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！What

a

beautiful

flower（it

is）！多么漂亮的一朵花??！What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（+主語+謂語）！What

interesting

books

（they

are）！多么有趣的書??！What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！What

fine

weather

（it

is）！多么好的天氣?。ow引導(dǎo)的感嘆句How+形容詞/副詞（+主語+謂語）！How

fine

the

weather

is！多么好的天氣?。ow+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語+謂語）！How

beautiful

a

dress（it

is）！多么漂亮的一條連衣裙?。ow+主語+謂語！How

time

flies！時間過得多快??！4.祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定形式（Please+）動詞原形+其他Open

the

door，please.請打開門。Be+表語Be

happy.開心點兒。Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他（常用于第一、三人稱，表示建議、邀請和勸說等）Let's

go

shopping.我們?nèi)ベ徫锇?。否定形式Don't+動詞原形+其他Don't

play

with

fire.不要玩火。Don't

let+賓語+動詞原形+其他=Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他Don't

let

him

go

there

alone.=Let

him

not

go

there

alone.不要讓他獨自去那里。No+名詞/動詞-ing形式①No

photos！禁止拍照?、贜o

parking！禁止停車！Never+動詞原形+其他Never

give

up！

永不放棄！詞語運用。what

how

who

stay

how

long

how

soonhow

far

how

often

or

be1.（2023南京改編）—May,

_____

is

the

e-mail

from?—A

new

friend.

His

name

is

Mike

and

he

lives

in

Newcastle.who2.（2023宿遷改編）—There

____a

lot

of

new

magazines

in

our

school

reading

room.—Oh,

really?

Shall

we

go

there

this

afternoon?are3.（2023撫順改編）Look!

There

___

some

information

about

traffic

safety

in

this

book.is4.（2023長春改編）—___________

do

you

visit

your

grandparents?—Once

a

week.

I

play

chess

with

them

every

Sunday

evening.How

often5.（2022濟南改編）—Dad，shall

we

go

to

the

library

by

bike

___

by

car?—By

bike.

There

is

no

parking

lot

there.6.（2023南京改編）______an

amazing

activity!

I

will

never

forget

the

charity

show.7.（2023綏化改編）—Attention,

please!_____inside

because

of

the

heavy

rain.—We

will,

Mr.

Li.8.（2023涼山州改編）—______clean

the

classroom

is!—So

it

is.

The

students

clean

it

every

day.orWhatStayHow9.（2023連云港改編）—__________

have

you

been

a