人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第二冊Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About Language學案

pastinthepastpastnow過去完成時pastinthepastpastnow1.過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點過去完成時表示在過去某個時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去(past-in-the-past)”。2.過去完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop,thethiefhadrunaway. 肯定：主語＋haddone(2)Thethiefhadnotrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop. 否定：主語＋hadnotdone(3)Hadthethiefrunawaybythetimethepolicemangottotheshop? 疑問：Had＋主語＋done疑問：Had＋主語＋done練習：BythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachingalready.否定句：一般疑問句：3.過去完成時的判斷依據(jù)(1)由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.練習：MyfatheraskedmeifI(finish)readingthatbook.Theladyshowedmethepicturesshe(paint).Ibegantheworkafterhe(go).(2)由時間狀語來判定與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：(1)by+過去的時間點。(2)bytheendof+過去的時間點。(3)before+過去的時間點。練習：Bythetimethepoliceman_______(get)totheshop,Tom__________(run)away.Bythetimehisgrandma________(come)fromAmerica,LiHua______________(grow)up.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)基本構(gòu)成Theroomlookednice.Somebodyhadcleanedit.Theroomlookednice.Ithadbeencleaned.過去完成時的被動：hadbeendone(1)Theroomhadbeencleaned. 肯定：主語＋hadbeendone(2)Theroomhadnotbeencleaned. 否定：主語＋hadnotbeendone(3)Hadtheroombeencleaned? 疑問：Had＋主語＋beendone(4)Whenhadtheroombeencleaned? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋had＋主語＋beendone三、基本用法1.在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句。e.g.Shesaid(that)she_______________(be)toParis.IthoughtI____________(send)theletteraweekbefore.2.狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。e.g.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves____________(run)away.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthatallherfurniture______________(ruin)bytheflood.3.表示意向的動詞，如hope,wish,expect，think,intend,mean等,用過去完成時表示“原本…,卻未能…”。e.g.We__________(hope)thatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.I_____________(intend)toseeyou,butIhadtolookaftermybaby.4.在by,bytheendof,bythetime,before,后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句。e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,we_____________(produce)20,000cars.Thetrain________(leave)beforewereachedthestation.Bynineo'clocklastnight，we________(get)200picturesfromthespaceship.5.表示“一……就”的句型：(1)“hardly/scarcely+haddone+whendid” (2)“nosooner+haddone+thandid”Ihadhardlyenteredtheroomwhenthelightwentout.Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.6.過去完成時常用于一些固定句型：(1)It/This/Thatwasthefirst/second...time+that從句，從句謂語動詞常用過去完成時。e.g.Itwasthethirdtimethathe_____________(mention)hismotherinhisspeech.(2)It/Thatwasthe+形容詞最高級+名詞+that+主語+haddonee.g.ItwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI____________(watch).四、現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時比較現(xiàn)在完成時:發(fā)生在過去但與現(xiàn)在相關(guān)pastinthepastpastpastinthepastpastnownow現(xiàn)在完成時:發(fā)生在過去但與現(xiàn)在相關(guān) 過去完成時:發(fā)生在“過去的過去”AsfarasIknow,they________(live)inthiscityfortwentyyears.They________(live)inthiscityfortwentyyearsbeforetheymovedtoShenyang.I___________(learn)1，000Englishwordssofar.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學會了1000個英語單詞。I___________(learn)1，000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上學期為止我已經(jīng)學會了1000個英語單詞。過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，而過去完成時表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，而且把時間推移到過去某一時間之前，即“過去的過去”，與現(xiàn)在時間不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，通常在和過去某時或某動作相比較時就會用到它。五、練習1.Hesaidthathe___________(write)thatletter.2.Beforehearrived,thetrain__________(leave).3.Bythen,they____________(work)foreighthours.4.Whenshegottothecinema,thefilm____already____(be)onfor15minutes.5.Marytoldmeshe___________(meet)mymotherbefore.6.Bysixo’clockyesterdayevening,I____________(finish)myhomework.7.IwenttoLiHong’shouse,buthe____________(go)out.8.TheuniversitiesinBritain_____________(take)inmanystudentsfromChinaandotherAsiancountriesoverthepastfewyears.六、寫作1.結(jié)構(gòu)2.健康飲食類應(yīng)用文“黃金”詞句挑食beparticularaboutfood 從...獲益benefitfrom不吃早餐skipbreakfast/dosthwithouthavingbreakfast 各種各樣的食物avarietyoffoods暴飲暴食eatanddrinktoomuch/eatlikeahorse 規(guī)律進餐havemealsregularly高脂肪的食物fattyfood 避免高脂肪食物avoidthedisheswithhighcalories有營養(yǎng)的食物nutritiousfood 食用新鮮食物，減少冷凍或加工食物havefreshfoodwhilereducingprocessedorfrozenfood對...有害doharmto 規(guī)律進餐havemealsregularly固定的飲食習慣consistenteatinghabits 吃適量的食物consumeamodestamountoffood均衡飲食abalanceddiet(1)最近健康飲食是一個熱門話題，因為飲食在我們的日常生活中發(fā)揮著重要作用。Healthydietisaheatedtopicamongpeoplerecently,fordietplaysanimportantroleinourdailylife.人們逐漸意識到健康是一個人能夠擁有的最有價值的東西。Peoplecometorealizethatgoodhealthisthemostvaluablethingapersoncanhave.據(jù)說許多學生早上什么都不吃，這對他們的健康是有害的。It’ssaidthatmanystudentsdonoteatanythingatallinthemorning,whichisverybadfortheirhealth.我認為你不健康的飲食和你的問題有很大的關(guān)系。Ithinkyourunhealthydietiscloselyassociatedwithyourproblems.此外，我們應(yīng)該注重飲食均衡，這能保證我們必要的營養(yǎng)。Besides,weshouldfocusonabalanceddiet,whichassuresusthenec