大學英語四級-語法

CollegeEnglishTestBand4-GrammarintroductionmorphologyTensesandVoicesNonfiniteverbsSubjunctivemoodCompoundsentenceSpecialsentencepatternsintroduction01VSThecourseaimstoimprovestudents'Englishgrammarskills,includingsentencestructure,tenseusage,andpunctuation.ImportanceofgrammarGoodgrammarskillsareessentialforeffectivecommunicationinEnglish,astheyhelptoconveymeaningaccuratelyandavoidmisunderstandings.CourseobjectivesCourseobjectivesandimportanceCurriculumoutlineThecoursecoversvariousaspectsofEnglishgrammar,includingsentencetypes,verbtenses,andcomplexsentencestructures.LearningplanStudentsareexpectedtocompleteassignedreadings,participateinclassdiscussions,completepracticeexercises,andtakeperiodicquizzesandexams.Thecoursealsoincludesopportunitiesforstudentstoreceivefeedbackontheirgrammarworkandimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughindividualizedinstructionandsmall-groupactivities.Curriculumoutlineandlearningplanmorphology02Nounisapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,animal,oridea.Nounisapartofspeechthatnamesaperson,place,thing,animal,oridea.Itcanbeeitheracountablenounoramassnoun.Countablenounscanbesingularorplural,whilemassnounsaresingularonly.nounVerbisapartofspeechthatexpressesactionorstateofbeing.Verbisapartofspeechthatexpressesactionorstateofbeing.Itcanbeeitheraninfinitiveverb,aparticipleverb,orafiniteverb.Infinitiveverbsareuninflectedformsoftheverb,participleverbsareverbformsthatcanfunctionasadjectives,andfiniteverbsareverbformsthatcanfunctionaspredicates.verbAdjectivesandadverbsarewordsthatdescribeormodifynounsandverbs.Adjectivesarewordsthatdescribenounsorpronouns,whileadverbsarewordsthatmodifyverbs,adjectives,orotheradverbs.Adjectivescanbeeitherqualitativeorquantitative,whileadverbscanbeeithertemporal,modal,orlocational.adjectivesandadverbsPrepositionisapartofspeechthatshowstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandsomeotherwordinthesentence.Prepositionisapartofspeechthatshowstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandsomeotherwordinthesentence.Itisusuallyfollowedbyanounorpronounintheobjectivecase.Prepositionscanbesimpleorcompound,andtheyareoftenusedwitharticlesandquantifierstoexpressquantityoramount.prepositionConjunctionisapartofspeechthatjoinswords,phrases,orclausestogether.Conjunctionisapartofspeechthatjoinswords,phrases,orclausestogether.Itcanbeeitheracoordinatingconjunctionorasubordinatingconjunction.Coordinatingconjunctionsareusedtojoinwordsorphrasesofequalgrammaticalimportance,whilesubordinatingconjunctionsareusedtojoinclausesinwhichoneclauseissubordinatetotheotherclause.conjunctionTensesandVoices03PresentcontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatishappeningatthemomentorwillbehappeninginthefuture.PresentperfecttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthathasbeencompletedinthepastandhasrelevancetothepresent.SimplepresenttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatisongoingorhabitual.PresenttenseSimplepasttenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthathappenedinthepastandiscompleted.PastcontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwashappeninginthepastataparticulartime.PastperfecttenseItisusedtoexpressanactioninthepastthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Pasttense030201Itisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture.SimplefuturetenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillbehappeningataparticulartimeinthefuture.FuturecontinuoustenseItisusedtoexpressanactionthatwillbecompletedbeforeanotheractioninthefuture.FutureperfecttenseFuturetensepassivevoiceNonfiniteverbs0403例句Toseeistobelieve.(眼見為實)01定義動詞原形，無時態(tài)、人稱和數的變化，表示動作或狀態(tài)，不與句子其他成分發(fā)生關系。02用法作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。Infinitive動名詞，具有名詞性質，表示動作或狀態(tài)。定義作主語、賓語、表語等。用法Readingismyfavoritehobby.(閱讀是我最喜歡的愛好)例句010203Gerund定義分詞，具有形容詞性質，表示動作或狀態(tài)。用法作定語、狀語等。例句Thefallenleavescoveredtheground.(落葉覆蓋了地面)participleSubjunctivemood05SummaryThesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinconditionalsentencestoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orcontrary-to-factconditions.HypotheticalconditionsThesubjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedtoexpresshypotheticalortheoreticalsituations.Forexample,"IfIwereabird,Iwouldfly."WishesanddesiresThesubjunctivemoodcanbeusedtoexpresswishesordesires.Forexample,"IwishIwereyounger."Conditionalswith"if"Insentenceswith"if,"thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthe"contrary-to-fact"condition(theonethatisnottrue).Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwoulddoitdifferently."TheusageofsubjunctivemoodinconditionalsentencesTheusageofsubjunctivemoodinsubjectclausesSummary:Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenusedinsubjectclausestoexpresswishesorhypothesesaboutthesubject.Subjectclauseswith"that":Whenthesubjectofaclauseisfollowedby"that,"thesubjunctivemoodisoftenused.Forexample,"Hesaidthatifhewereyounger,hewoulddoit."Informalspeechandwriting:Ininformalspeechandwriting,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenomitted,andtheindicativemoodisusedinstead.Forexample,"Hesaidthathewoulddoitifhewasyounger."Subordinateclauseswith"who"or"which":Whenasubordinateclausebeginswith"who"or"which,"thesubjunctivemoodissometimesused.Forexample,"Thepersonwhowereherebeforeleft."Thesubjunctivemoodislesscommoninobjectclauses,butitcanbeusedtoexpresswishesorhypothesesabouttheobject.SummaryWhenanobjectclauseisintroducedby"that,"thesubjunctivemoodcanbeused.Forexample,"Ihopethatifshewerehere,shewouldagree."Objectclauseswith"that"Aswithsubjectclauses,thesubjunctivemoodisoftenomittedininformalspeechandwriting.Forexample,"Ihopethatshewouldagreeifshewashere."InformalspeechandwritingWhenanobjectclauseisintroducedby"to,"thesubjunctivemoodisnotusuallyused.Forexample,"Isuggestedtohimthatheshoulddoit."Objectclauseswith"to"TheusageofsubjunctivemoodinobjectclausesCompoundsentence06Attributiveclause定義修飾名詞或代詞的從句，通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例子ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.定義修飾整個句子的從句，通常放在句子的中間或末尾。例子Iwillgototheparty,ifmyfriendisinvited.AdverbialclauseSubjectclause在主語位置上的從句，通常放在句子的中間或末尾。例子Iknowthatyouareagoodstudent.(Subjectclause)Objectclause在賓語位置上的從句，通常放在句子的末尾。SubjectclauseandobjectclauseSpecialsentencepatterns07SummaryThispatternisusedtoemphasizeaparticularpartofthesentence,makingitstandoutmorethantherest.Example"Itwasshewhosolvedthepuzzle."(Emphasizing"she")ExplanationTheemphasizedpatternusesspecificgrammaticalstructurestohighlightaparticularpartofthesentence,oftenforemphasisortodrawattentiontoaspecificdetail.Emphasizedpattern010203SummaryThispatterninvolvesleavingoutcertainpartsofthesentencetocreateamoreconciseorellipticalexpre