打開算法黑箱：建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論的研究

打開算法黑箱：建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論的研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，算法在新聞業(yè)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，從內(nèi)容推薦到新聞生成，算法已經(jīng)深入到新聞傳播的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。然而，算法的廣泛應(yīng)用也帶來了一系列倫理問題，如信息繭房、算法偏見、誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容等。這些問題使得我們不得不重新審視新聞倫理在算法時(shí)代的角色與定位。本文旨在打開算法黑箱，探索建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制，以應(yīng)對(duì)算法帶來的倫理挑戰(zhàn)。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,theapplicationofalgorithmsinthenewsindustryisbecomingincreasinglywidespread.Fromcontentrecommendationtonewsgeneration,algorithmshavepenetratedintovariousaspectsofnewsdissemination.However,thewidespreadapplicationofalgorithmshasalsobroughtaboutaseriesofethicalissues,suchasinformationsilos,algorithmicbiases,andmisleadingcontent.Theseissuesforceustore-examinetheroleandpositioningofnewsethicsintheeraofalgorithms.Thisarticleaimstoopenupthealgorithmblackboxandexploretheconstructionofa"human-machinecollaboration"newsethicsmechanismtoaddresstheethicalchallengesbroughtbyalgorithms.本研究基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論（ANT），將算法視為一種行動(dòng)者，與新聞?dòng)浾摺⒆x者、新聞機(jī)構(gòu)等其他行動(dòng)者共同構(gòu)成了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的行動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，算法與其他行動(dòng)者相互影響、相互作用，共同塑造著新聞傳播的倫理環(huán)境。通過深入分析這個(gè)行動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，我們可以更好地理解算法的倫理影響，并找到建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”新聞倫理機(jī)制的有效路徑。ThisstudyisbasedontheActorNetworkTheory(ANT),whichregardsalgorithmsasatypeofactorthat,togetherwithotheractorssuchasjournalists,readers,andnewsorganizations,formsacomplexactionnetwork.Inthisnetwork,algorithmsandotheractorsinteractandinfluenceeachother,jointlyshapingtheethicalenvironmentofnewsdissemination.Bydeeplyanalyzingtheoperationalmechanismofthisactionnetwork,wecanbetterunderstandtheethicalimpactofalgorithmsandfindaneffectivepathtoconstructa"human-machinecollaboration"newsethicsmechanism.具體而言，本文將從以下幾個(gè)方面展開研究：梳理算法在新聞業(yè)中的應(yīng)用及其引發(fā)的倫理問題；基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，分析算法與其他行動(dòng)者之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系；再次，探討建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”新聞倫理機(jī)制的理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)踐路徑；結(jié)合具體案例，評(píng)估“人機(jī)協(xié)同”新聞倫理機(jī)制的實(shí)施效果，并提出改進(jìn)建議。Specifically,thisarticlewillconductresearchfromthefollowingaspects:sortingouttheapplicationofalgorithmsinthenewsindustryandtheethicalissuesitraises;Basedonactornetworktheory,analyzetheinteractionbetweenalgorithmsandotheractors;Onceagain,explorethetheoreticalbasisandpracticalpathforconstructinga"human-machinecollaboration"newsethicsmechanism;Basedonspecificcases,evaluatetheimplementationeffectofthe"human-machinecollaboration"newsethicsmechanismandproposeimprovementsuggestions.通過本研究，我們期望能夠?yàn)樾侣剺I(yè)在算法時(shí)代面臨的倫理挑戰(zhàn)提供新的解決思路，促進(jìn)新聞業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。本研究也對(duì)于其他領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用算法時(shí)的倫理問題具有一定的借鑒意義。Throughthisstudy,wehopetoprovidenewsolutionstotheethicalchallengesfacedbythenewsindustryintheeraofalgorithms,andpromotethehealthydevelopmentofthenewsindustry.Thisstudyalsohascertainreferencesignificanceforethicalissueswhenapplyingalgorithmsinotherfields.二、算法新聞的發(fā)展與倫理問題TheDevelopmentandEthicalIssuesofAlgorithmNews隨著信息技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，算法新聞逐漸嶄露頭角，以其個(gè)性化、精準(zhǔn)推送的特點(diǎn)贏得了廣大用戶的青睞。然而，伴隨著算法新聞的發(fā)展，一系列倫理問題也逐漸浮出水面。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,algorithmicnewshasgraduallyemerged,winningthefavorofalargenumberofuserswithitspersonalizedandaccuratepushcharacteristics.However,withthedevelopmentofalgorithmicnews,aseriesofethicalissueshavegraduallyemerged.算法新聞在篩選和推送新聞內(nèi)容時(shí)，往往基于用戶的瀏覽歷史、點(diǎn)擊偏好等個(gè)人信息進(jìn)行過濾。這種做法在一定程度上可能會(huì)過濾掉與用戶觀點(diǎn)相反的新聞內(nèi)容，導(dǎo)致用戶接收到的信息呈現(xiàn)出偏頗和局限的態(tài)勢(shì)。這種信息過濾的隱患使用戶難以獲得全面、客觀的新聞信息，進(jìn)而可能影響到用戶的認(rèn)知和行為決策。Algorithmnewsoftenfiltersandpushesnewscontentbasedonpersonalinformationsuchasuserbrowsinghistoryandclickpreferences.Thisapproachmaytosomeextentfilteroutnewscontentthatiscontrarytotheuser'sviewpoint,resultinginbiasedandlimitedinformationreceivedbytheuser.Thehiddendangerofthisinformationfilteringmakesitdifficultforuserstoobtaincomprehensiveandobjectivenewsinformation,whichmayaffecttheircognitiveandbehavioraldecision-making.算法新聞在推送新聞時(shí)，可能會(huì)受到商業(yè)利益和政治因素的影響。一些符合特定利益需求的新聞內(nèi)容可能會(huì)被優(yōu)先推送，而那些不符合利益需求的新聞則可能被忽略。這種傾向性推送不僅損害了新聞的公正性和客觀性，還可能誤導(dǎo)用戶，導(dǎo)致他們對(duì)社會(huì)事件的誤解和偏見。Algorithmnewsmaybeinfluencedbycommercialinterestsandpoliticalfactorswhenpushingnews.Somenewscontentthatmeetsspecificinterestneedsmaybeprioritizedforpromotion,whilenewsthatdoesnotmeetinterestneedsmaybeignored.Thisbiasedpushnotonlydamagesthefairnessandobjectivityofnews,butmayalsomisleadusers,leadingtotheirmisunderstandingandbiastowardssocialevents.算法新聞在收集和分析用戶個(gè)人信息的過程中，還存在隱私保護(hù)和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。用戶的個(gè)人信息、瀏覽歷史、興趣偏好等數(shù)據(jù)在傳輸和存儲(chǔ)過程中可能會(huì)遭受泄露或被不法分子利用，給用戶的隱私安全帶來嚴(yán)重威脅。這些數(shù)據(jù)的濫用也可能導(dǎo)致用戶的權(quán)益受到侵犯。Intheprocessofcollectingandanalyzinguserpersonalinformation,algorithmicnewsalsofacesprivacyprotectionandsecurityrisks.Userpersonalinformation,browsinghistory,interests,andotherdatamaybeleakedorexploitedbycriminalsduringtransmissionandstorage,posingaseriousthreattouserprivacyandsecurity.Themisuseofthesedatamayalsoleadtoinfringementofuserrights.針對(duì)以上倫理問題，我們需要建構(gòu)一種“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制。基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，我們可以將新聞生產(chǎn)、傳播和接收過程中的各個(gè)行動(dòng)者（包括人、機(jī)器、算法等）納入到一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，通過制定合理的倫理規(guī)范和監(jiān)管機(jī)制，確保算法新聞在發(fā)展過程中能夠遵循倫理原則，為用戶提供更加公正、客觀、安全的新聞服務(wù)。我們也需要提高用戶的媒介素養(yǎng)，讓他們了解算法新聞的工作原理和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，從而在使用過程中做出更加明智的選擇。Inresponsetotheaboveethicalissues,weneedtoconstructanewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration".Basedonthetheoryofactornetworks,wecanincorporatevariousactors(includinghumans,machines,algorithms,etc.)intheprocessofnewsproduction,dissemination,andreceptionintoaninterconnectednetwork.Byformulatingreasonableethicalnormsandregulatorymechanisms,wecanensurethatalgorithmicnewsfollowsethicalprinciplesinthedevelopmentprocess,providinguserswithmorefair,objective,andsecurenewsservices.Wealsoneedtoimprovethemedialiteracyofusers,enablingthemtounderstandtheworkingprinciplesandpotentialrisksofalgorithmicnews,inordertomakewiserchoicesduringuse.三、行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論視角下的新聞倫理機(jī)制TheJournalismEthicsMechanismfromthePerspectiveofActorNetworkTheory行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論（Actor-NetworkTheory,ANT）是法國社會(huì)學(xué)家布魯諾·拉圖爾（BrunoLatour）提出的一種社會(huì)學(xué)理論，它突破了傳統(tǒng)的主客體二元對(duì)立模式，強(qiáng)調(diào)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)中各行動(dòng)者的平等性和互動(dòng)性。在這一理論框架下，新聞倫理機(jī)制不再是單純的“人機(jī)”二元關(guān)系，而是涵蓋了新聞從業(yè)人員、技術(shù)平臺(tái)、受眾、社會(huì)環(huán)境等多個(gè)行動(dòng)者共同構(gòu)建的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)。ActorNetworkTheory(ANT)isasociologicaltheoryproposedbyFrenchsociologistBrunoLatour.Itbreaksthroughthetraditionalbinaryoppositionbetweensubjectandobject,emphasizingtheequalityandinteractivityofvariousactorsinthenetwork.Underthistheoreticalframework,thenewsethicsmechanismisnolongersimplyabinaryrelationshipbetweenhumansandmachines,butencompassesacomplexnetworkconstructedbymultipleactorssuchasnewspractitioners,technicalplatforms,audiences,andsocialenvironments.新聞從業(yè)人員作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的核心行動(dòng)者，他們的倫理決策不僅影響新聞報(bào)道的質(zhì)量，也直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)新聞生態(tài)的健康發(fā)展。在ANT視角下，新聞從業(yè)人員不再是單純的信息傳播者，而是與技術(shù)平臺(tái)、受眾等其他行動(dòng)者緊密相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)。他們的倫理決策需要考慮到與其他行動(dòng)者的互動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及這些互動(dòng)可能對(duì)新聞報(bào)道產(chǎn)生的影響。Ascoreactorsinthenetwork,newsprofessionalsnotonlyinfluencethequalityofnewsreportingbutalsodirectlyrelatetothehealthydevelopmentoftheentirenewsecosystemthroughtheirethicaldecisions.FromtheperspectiveofANT,newsprofessionalsarenolongersimplyinformationdisseminators,butrathernetworknodescloselyconnectedtootheractorssuchastechnologyplatformsandaudiences.Theirethicaldecisionsneedtoconsidertheirinteractionswithotheractorsandthepotentialimpacttheseinteractionsmayhaveonnewsreporting.技術(shù)平臺(tái)在新聞倫理機(jī)制中扮演著重要的角色。隨著大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，技術(shù)平臺(tái)已經(jīng)成為新聞報(bào)道不可或缺的一部分。然而，技術(shù)平臺(tái)同時(shí)也帶來了新的倫理挑戰(zhàn)，如數(shù)據(jù)隱私、算法偏見等問題。在ANT視角下，技術(shù)平臺(tái)不僅是工具，也是具有自主性的行動(dòng)者。它與其他行動(dòng)者共同構(gòu)建了新聞倫理機(jī)制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，并對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)影響。Technologyplatformsplayanimportantroleinnewsethicsmechanisms.Withthewidespreadapplicationoftechnologiessuchasbigdataandartificialintelligence,technologyplatformshavebecomeanindispensablepartofnewsreporting.However,technologicalplatformsalsobringnewethicalchallenges,suchasdataprivacy,algorithmbias,andotherissues.FromtheperspectiveofANT,technologyplatformsarenotonlytools,butalsoautonomousactors.Ithasjointlyconstructedanetworkstructureofnewsethicsmechanismswithotheractorsandhasaprofoundimpactontheethicalstandardsofnewsreporting.受眾在新聞倫理機(jī)制中的作用也不容忽視。在ANT視角下，受眾不再是單純的信息接收者，而是具有能動(dòng)性的行動(dòng)者。他們的反饋、互動(dòng)和參與不僅影響著新聞報(bào)道的內(nèi)容和形式，也在一定程度上塑造著新聞倫理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和取向。Theroleoftheaudienceinnewsethicsmechanismscannotbeignored.FromtheperspectiveofANT,theaudienceisnolongersimplyinformationreceivers,butactiveactors.Theirfeedback,interaction,andparticipationnotonlyaffectthecontentandformofnewsreporting,butalsoshapethestandardsandorientationsofnewsethicstoacertainextent.社會(huì)環(huán)境作為新聞倫理機(jī)制的重要背景，同樣對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)生著深刻影響。在ANT視角下，社會(huì)環(huán)境是一個(gè)由多種因素構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等多個(gè)方面。這些因素相互交織、相互影響，共同塑造著新聞倫理機(jī)制的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行方式。Thesocialenvironment,asanimportantbackgroundfornewsethicsmechanisms,alsohasaprofoundimpactontheethicalstandardsofnewsreporting.FromtheperspectiveofANT,thesocialenvironmentisacomplexnetworkcomposedofmultiplefactors,includingpolitics,economy,culture,andotheraspects.Thesefactorsareintertwinedandinfluenceeachother,jointlyshapingthenetworkstructureandoperationmodeofnewsethicsmechanisms.從行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論的視角來看，新聞倫理機(jī)制是一個(gè)由新聞從業(yè)人員、技術(shù)平臺(tái)、受眾、社會(huì)環(huán)境等多個(gè)行動(dòng)者共同構(gòu)建的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，各個(gè)行動(dòng)者之間相互作用、相互影響，共同塑造著新聞報(bào)道的倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和取向。因此，要打開算法黑箱、建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制，就需要從網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體性出發(fā)，充分考慮各個(gè)行動(dòng)者的角色和作用，促進(jìn)它們之間的平等互動(dòng)和協(xié)同合作。Fromtheperspectiveofactornetworktheory,thenewsethicsmechanismisacomplexnetworkconstructedbymultipleactors,includingnewspractitioners,technicalplatforms,audiences,andsocialenvironments.Inthisnetwork,variousactorsinteractandinfluenceeachother,jointlyshapingtheethicalstandardsandorientationsofnewsreporting.Therefore,inordertoopenthealgorithmblackboxandconstructanewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration",itisnecessarytostartfromtheoverallnatureofthenetwork,fullyconsidertherolesandrolesofvariousactors,andpromoteequalinteractionandcollaborativecooperationamongthem.四、人機(jī)協(xié)同新聞倫理機(jī)制的建構(gòu)策略Theconstructionstrategyofhuman-machinecollaborativenewsethicsmechanism隨著技術(shù)在新聞業(yè)的應(yīng)用日益廣泛，人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理機(jī)制已成為業(yè)界和學(xué)界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，本文提出以下建構(gòu)策略，以期在新聞生產(chǎn)過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)協(xié)同，優(yōu)化新聞倫理實(shí)踐。Withtheincreasinglywidespreadapplicationoftechnologyinthenewsindustry,thenewsethicsmechanismofhuman-machinecollaborationhasbecomeafocusofattentionintheindustryandacademia.Basedonthetheoryofactornetworks,thisarticleproposesthefollowingconstructionstrategiestoachievehuman-machinecollaborationandoptimizeethicalpracticesinnewsproduction.第一，構(gòu)建多元共治的新聞倫理規(guī)范體系。在這一體系中，人工智能技術(shù)作為行動(dòng)者之一，應(yīng)被納入倫理規(guī)范的制定和執(zhí)行過程中。通過制定針對(duì)人工智能技術(shù)的專門倫理準(zhǔn)則，明確其在新聞生產(chǎn)中的角色、責(zé)任和義務(wù)，為人機(jī)協(xié)同提供明確的道德指引。Firstly,establishadiverseandcogovernancesystemofnewsethicsnorms.Inthissystem,artificialintelligencetechnology,asoneoftheactors,shouldbeincludedintheprocessofformulatingandimplementingethicalnorms.Byformulatingspecializedethicalguidelinesforartificialintelligencetechnology,clarifyingitsrole,responsibilities,andobligationsinnewsproduction,andprovidingclearethicalguidanceforhuman-machinecollaboration.第二，推動(dòng)人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理教育模式創(chuàng)新。針對(duì)新聞從業(yè)人員和人工智能技術(shù)人員，開展跨學(xué)科、跨領(lǐng)域的倫理教育培訓(xùn)，提升他們的倫理素養(yǎng)和責(zé)任意識(shí)。同時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)新聞機(jī)構(gòu)與高校、研究機(jī)構(gòu)等合作，共同開發(fā)適用于人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理課程和教育項(xiàng)目。Secondly,promoteinnovationinthenewsethicseducationmodelofhuman-machinecollaboration.Conductinterdisciplinaryandcrossdisciplinaryethicaleducationandtrainingfornewsprofessionalsandartificialintelligencetechnicianstoenhancetheirethicalliteracyandsenseofresponsibility.Atthesametime,weencouragenewsorganizationstocollaboratewithuniversities,researchinstitutions,andotherstojointlydevelopnewsethicscoursesandeducationalprojectssuitableforhuman-machinecollaboration.第三，建立人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理監(jiān)管機(jī)制。通過設(shè)立專門的倫理監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)或委員會(huì)，對(duì)新聞生產(chǎn)過程中的人工智能技術(shù)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和評(píng)估。對(duì)于違反倫理規(guī)范的行為，應(yīng)及時(shí)予以糾正和處罰，確保人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞生產(chǎn)符合倫理要求。Thirdly,establishahuman-machinecollaborativenewsethicssupervisionmechanism.Byestablishingspecializedethicalregulatoryagenciesorcommittees,theapplicationofartificialintelligencetechnologyinthenewsproductionprocessissupervisedandevaluated.Forbehaviorsthatviolateethicalnorms,theyshouldbecorrectedandpunishedinatimelymannertoensurethatnewsproductionthroughhuman-machinecollaborationmeetsethicalrequirements.第四，促進(jìn)人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新。鼓勵(lì)新聞機(jī)構(gòu)在新聞生產(chǎn)過程中積極探索人機(jī)協(xié)同的新模式、新方法，充分發(fā)揮技術(shù)在數(shù)據(jù)分析、內(nèi)容生成、傳播優(yōu)化等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，提升新聞質(zhì)量和效率。關(guān)注技術(shù)在新聞倫理實(shí)踐中的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，及時(shí)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化人機(jī)協(xié)同策略。Fourthly,promoteinnovativenewsethicspracticesthatpromotehuman-machinecollaboration.Encouragenewsorganizationstoactivelyexplorenewmodelsandmethodsofhuman-machinecollaborationinthenewsproductionprocess,fullyleveragetheadvantagesoftechnologyindataanalysis,contentgeneration,andcommunicationoptimization,andimprovethequalityandefficiencyofnews.Payattentiontothepotentialrisksandchallengesoftechnologyinnewsethicspractice,andtimelyadjustandoptimizehuman-machinecollaborationstrategies.建構(gòu)人機(jī)協(xié)同的新聞倫理機(jī)制需要從多個(gè)層面入手，包括制定專門倫理準(zhǔn)則、創(chuàng)新倫理教育模式、建立監(jiān)管機(jī)制以及促進(jìn)實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新等。通過這些策略的實(shí)施，可以推動(dòng)新聞業(yè)在技術(shù)的支持下實(shí)現(xiàn)更高水平的倫理實(shí)踐，為社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)力量。Constructinganewsethicsmechanismforhuman-machinecollaborationrequiresstartingfrommultiplelevels,includingdevelopingspecializedethicalguidelines,innovatingethicaleducationmodels,establishingregulatorymechanisms,andpromotingpracticalinnovation.Throughtheimplementationofthesestrategies,thenewsindustrycanbepromotedtoachievehigherlevelsofethicalpracticewiththesupportoftechnology,contributingtothesustainabledevelopmentofsociety.五、案例研究Casestudy本研究選取了“輔助新聞報(bào)道”和“算法推薦系統(tǒng)在新聞傳播中的應(yīng)用”兩個(gè)典型案例，以深入探討算法黑箱在新聞倫理機(jī)制中的影響，以及如何通過行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制。Thisstudyselectedtwotypicalcases,"AssistedNewsReporting"and"ApplicationofAlgorithmRecommendationSystemsinNewsCommunication",todeeplyexploretheinfluenceofalgorithmblackboxesinnewsethicsmechanisms,andhowtoconstructanewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration"throughactornetworktheory.隨著人工智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展，AI已經(jīng)在新聞業(yè)中扮演了重要的角色，例如，通過數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和分析提供新聞線索，輔助記者進(jìn)行內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作，甚至自動(dòng)生成新聞稿件。然而，在這一過程中，算法的決策過程往往是不透明的，即所謂的“算法黑箱”。這種不透明性可能導(dǎo)致新聞報(bào)道的偏見和誤導(dǎo)，甚至侵犯用戶的隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全。Withthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetechnology,AIhasplayedanimportantroleinthenewsindustry,suchasprovidingnewscluesthroughdataminingandanalysis,assistingjournalistsincontentcreation,andevenautomaticallygeneratingnewsarticles.However,inthisprocess,thedecision-makingprocessofthealgorithmisoftenopaque,knownasthe"algorithmblackbox".Thisopacitymayleadtobiasandmisleadingnewsreporting,andeveninfringeonuserprivacyanddatasecurity.在這種情況下，本研究運(yùn)用行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，提出了一種“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制。具體來說，通過增強(qiáng)算法的透明度，讓新聞工作者和用戶能夠理解和信任算法的決策過程。同時(shí)，新聞機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)建立相應(yīng)的倫理規(guī)范，確保AI在新聞報(bào)道中的合理使用，防止算法的濫用和誤用。Inthiscase,thisstudyappliesactornetworktheoryandproposesanewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration".Specifically,byenhancingthetransparencyofalgorithms,journalistsanduserscanunderstandandtrustthedecision-makingprocessofalgorithms.Atthesametime,newsorganizationsshouldestablishcorrespondingethicalnormstoensurethereasonableuseofAIinnewsreportingandpreventtheabuseandmisuseofalgorithms.算法推薦系統(tǒng)在新聞傳播中的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)日益普及，它可以根據(jù)用戶的興趣和行為習(xí)慣，為用戶推送個(gè)性化的新聞內(nèi)容。然而，這也可能帶來一些問題，如信息繭房效應(yīng)、過濾泡沫等，導(dǎo)致用戶只能接觸到符合自己觀點(diǎn)和興趣的信息，而無法接觸到多元的觀點(diǎn)和信息。Theapplicationofalgorithmicrecommendationsystemsinnewsdisseminationhasbecomeincreasinglypopular.Itcanpushpersonalizednewscontenttousersbasedontheirinterestsandbehavioralhabits.However,thismayalsobringaboutsomeproblems,suchastheinformationcocoonhouseeffect,filteringfoam,etc.,leadinguserstoonlyaccesstoinformationthatconformstotheirownviewsandinterests,butnottomultipleviewsandinformation.針對(duì)這一問題，本研究通過行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，提出了一種“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制。一方面，新聞機(jī)構(gòu)需要建立公開透明的算法評(píng)估機(jī)制，讓用戶了解算法的工作原理和決策過程。另一方面，新聞機(jī)構(gòu)也需要在內(nèi)容制作和推廣上更加注重多元化和平衡性，防止信息繭房效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生。用戶也應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)自身的媒介素養(yǎng)，理性看待算法推薦的結(jié)果，避免被單一的信息源所束縛。Inresponsetothisissue,thisstudyproposesanewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration"throughthetheoryofactornetworks.Ontheonehand,newsorganizationsneedtoestablishanopenandtransparentalgorithmevaluationmechanismtoenableuserstounderstandtheworkingprincipleanddecision-makingprocessofalgorithms.Ontheotherhand,newsorganizationsalsoneedtopaymoreattentiontodiversityandbalanceincontentproductionandpromotion,inordertopreventtheemergenceoftheinformationcocooneffect.Usersshouldalsoenhancetheirmedialiteracy,rationallyviewtheresultsofalgorithmrecommendations,andavoidbeingboundbyasinglesourceofinformation.通過這兩個(gè)案例的研究，本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，算法黑箱在新聞倫理機(jī)制中確實(shí)存在一些問題，但通過行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，我們可以建構(gòu)一種“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制，既充分發(fā)揮算法在新聞報(bào)道中的優(yōu)勢(shì)，又能有效防止其帶來的倫理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這既需要新聞機(jī)構(gòu)的努力，也需要用戶的參與和配合。Throughthestudyofthesetwocases,thisstudyfoundthatthereareindeedsomeproblemswithalgorithmicblackboxesinnewsethicsmechanisms.However,throughthetheoryofactornetworks,wecanconstructa"human-machinecollaboration"newsethicsmechanism,whichnotonlyfullyutilizestheadvantagesofalgorithmsinnewsreporting,butalsoeffectivelypreventstheethicalrisksitbrings.Thisrequiresboththeeffortsofnewsorganizationsandtheparticipationandcooperationofusers.六、結(jié)論與展望ConclusionandOutlook隨著算法技術(shù)在新聞業(yè)中的廣泛應(yīng)用，其背后的倫理問題也日益凸顯。本文基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論，深入探討了打開算法黑箱、建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制的必要性及其路徑。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，算法不僅僅是冰冷的代碼和邏輯，更是嵌入社會(huì)、文化和倫理的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)。新聞業(yè)在享受算法帶來的高效與精準(zhǔn)的也必須直面其帶來的偏見、不公與透明度缺失等問題。Withthewidespreadapplicationofalgorithmtechnologyinthenewsindustry,theethicalissuesbehinditarebecomingincreasinglyprominent.Thisarticleisbasedonthetheoryofactornetworksanddelvesintothenecessityandpathofopeningthealgorithmblackboxandconstructinganewsethicsmechanismof"human-machinecollaboration".Researchhasfoundthatalgorithmsarenotjustcoldcodeandlogic,butalsocomplexnetworksembeddedinsociety,culture,andethics.Thenewsindustry,whileenjoyingtheefficiencyandprecisionbroughtbyalgorithms,mustalsofacetheproblemsofbias,unfairness,andlackoftransparencyitbrings.本研究的核心貢獻(xiàn)在于，提出了一個(gè)基于行動(dòng)者網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論的框架，旨在打開算法黑箱，將算法、人、社會(huì)等多元行動(dòng)者納入同一倫理分析框架中。通過這一框架，我們不僅可以審視算法本身的邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)，還能深入剖析算法與人、社會(huì)之間的相互作用與影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文進(jìn)一步探討了建構(gòu)“人機(jī)協(xié)同”的新聞倫理機(jī)制的可行性策略，包括提升算法透明度、強(qiáng)化人機(jī)互動(dòng)與溝通、建立多元共治的倫理監(jiān)管體系等。Thecorecontributionof