1-4 ICMP協(xié)議路由器信息

泰克路由交換精英培訓(xùn)之ICMP原理前言

Internet控制消息協(xié)議ICMP（InternetControlMessageProtocol）是網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的一個(gè)重要協(xié)議。ICMP協(xié)議用來(lái)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備間傳遞各種差錯(cuò)和控制信息，并對(duì)于收集各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、診斷和排除各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障等方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。使用基于ICMP的應(yīng)用時(shí)，需要對(duì)ICMP的工作原理非常熟悉。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能：描述ICMP的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景理解常見(jiàn)的ICMP報(bào)文類型掌握Ping和Tracert的應(yīng)用ICMPICMP用來(lái)傳遞差錯(cuò)、控制、查詢等信息。MessageReturnMessage主機(jī)AICMP重定向20.0.0.1/2420.0.0.2/2410.0.0.200/2410.0.0.100/24IP地址:10.0.0.1/24默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān):10.0.0.100/24公網(wǎng)ICMP重定向①③②主機(jī)A服務(wù)器ARTARTBICMP差錯(cuò)檢測(cè)ICMPEchoRequestICMPEchoReply主機(jī)A服務(wù)器AICMPEchoRequest和ICMPEchoReply分別用來(lái)查詢和響應(yīng)某些信息，進(jìn)行差錯(cuò)檢測(cè)。ICMP錯(cuò)誤報(bào)告10.0.0.0/24.120.0.0.0/24數(shù)據(jù)包ICMP目的不可達(dá)主機(jī)A服務(wù)器A.2.1.2當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備無(wú)法訪問(wèn)目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)送ICMP目的不可達(dá)報(bào)文到發(fā)送端設(shè)備。RTARTBICMP數(shù)據(jù)包格式071531IPHeaderICMP

TypeCodeChecksumICMP的報(bào)文內(nèi)容（不同類型和代碼標(biāo)識(shí)不同的內(nèi)容）FCSEthernet_IIHeaderType表示ICMP消息類型，Code表示同一消息類型中的不同信息。ICMP消息類型和編碼類型類型編碼描述00EchoReply30網(wǎng)絡(luò)不可達(dá)31主機(jī)不可達(dá)32協(xié)議不可達(dá)33端口不可達(dá)50重定向80Echo

RequestICMP應(yīng)用-PingRTARTB10.0.0.0/24.1.2<RTA>ping?STRING<1-255>IPaddressorhostnameofaremotesystem-a

SelectsourceIPaddress,thedefaultistheIPaddressofthe

outputinterface-c

Specifythenumberofechorequeststobesent,thedefaultis

5-d

SpecifytheSO_DEBUGoptiononthesocketbeingused-f

SetDon'tFragmentflaginpacket(IPv4-only)-h

SpecifyTTLvalueforechorequeststobesent,thedefaultis

255-i

Selecttheinterfacesendingpackets……ICMP應(yīng)用-Ping[RTA]ping10.0.0.2

PING10.0.0.2:56databytes,pressCTRL_Ctobreak

Replyfrom10.0.0.2:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=255time=340ms

Replyfrom10.0.0.2:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=255time=10ms

Replyfrom10.0.0.2:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=255time=30ms

Replyfrom10.0.0.2:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=255time=30ms

Replyfrom10.0.0.2:bytes=56Sequence=5ttl=255time=30ms

---10.0.0.2pingstatistics---

5packet(s)transmitted

5packet(s)received

0.00%packetloss

round-tripmin/avg/max=10/88/340msICMP應(yīng)用-Tracert<RTA>tracert?STRING<1-255>IPaddressorhostnameofaremotesystem-aSetsourceIPaddress,thedefaultistheIPaddressofthe

outputinterface-fFirsttimetolive,thedefaultis1-mMaxtimetolive,thedefaultis30-nameDisplaythehostnameoftherouteroneachhop-pDestinationUDPportnumber,thedefaultis33434-qNumberofprobepacket,thedefaultis3-sSpecifythelengthofthepacketstobesent.Thedefault

lengthis12bytes……30.0.0.2/24RTARTC主機(jī)A主機(jī)B20.0.0.2/2410.0.0.2/24RTBICMP應(yīng)用-Tracert<RTA>tracert30.0.0.2Tracertto30.0.0.2(30.0.0.2),maxhops:30,packetlength:40,pressCTRL_Ctobreak

110.0.0.2130ms50ms40ms

220.0.0.280ms60ms80ms330.0.0.280ms60ms7