高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法復(fù)習(xí)題(無答案)

高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法復(fù)習(xí)題（無答案）

高考虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法歸納（含原創(chuàng)單選題）

一?語(yǔ)氣概述

和時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，語(yǔ)氣也是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表明說話者

的目的和意圖。英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

（有的語(yǔ)法書說語(yǔ)氣有四種，即還包括疑問語(yǔ)氣）。

eg:①Hedoesn'tseeverywellinhisrighteye.他右眼視力

不太好。（陳述語(yǔ)氣）

②HavetheyeverbeentoAustralia?他們?nèi)ミ^澳大利亞沒有？

（疑問語(yǔ)氣）

③Pleasereadthroughtheinstructioninadvance.請(qǐng)先通讀說

明書。（祈使語(yǔ)氣）

二?虛擬語(yǔ)氣概述

在英語(yǔ)中，由于說話人的意圖不同，動(dòng)詞需用不同的形式，稱為

語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是指說話人表示一種假設(shè)的情況，一種愿望，懷疑，

推測(cè)，請(qǐng)求等，即認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣

可用于狀語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句，定語(yǔ)從句及其他結(jié)構(gòu)中。

三?非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

真實(shí)條件句（遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則）

A.由If引導(dǎo)的兩種條件句：

非真實(shí)條件句（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）

以下為If在非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式和用法：

假設(shè)類型If從句主句

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

didshould/would/

(be用were)could/mightdo

與過去事實(shí)相反haddoneshould/would/

could/mighthavedone

與將來事實(shí)相反l)did

2)weretodoshould/would/

3)shoulddocould/mightdo

eg:①IfIwereyou,1wouldreconsidertheiradvice.如果我是

你的話，我會(huì)重新考慮他們的意見。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）

②Youwouldnothavecaughtacoldifyouhadputonmore

clothes.如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不會(huì)得感冒了。（與過去事實(shí)相

反）

③IfIwereto/shoulddoit,1woulddoitindifferentway.如

果我做這件事，我將用不同的方法做。（與將來事實(shí)相反）

注意：在非正式文體中，如果If條件句中有助動(dòng)詞

were,should,had可將其提于主語(yǔ)之前（位于句首），再把If省掉，

即形成部分倒裝。

常見的有：①IfIwereyou...=WereIyou...如果我是你/我要

是你……

②Ifitwerenotfor...=Wereitnotfor…如果要不是……

③Ifithadnotbeenfor...=Haditnotbeenfor…如果當(dāng)時(shí)要不

是……（③主句用:should/could/would/mighthavedone的形式）

B.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。

有時(shí)，條件句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致

的，這時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整，這種句子被稱為

"錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句"。

eg:①Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecrops

wouldbegrowingstillbetter..如果天氣更好的話，莊稼就會(huì)長(zhǎng)得跟

好些。（從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在）②IfIwereyou,1wouldhave

takenhisadvice我要是你，我就采取了他的建議。（從句指現(xiàn)在，

主句指過去）

含蓄虛擬條件句（虛擬形式寸青）

C.+havedone/doo

有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不以條件句的形式表現(xiàn)出了，而是通過一個(gè)介詞

短語(yǔ)或分詞或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，如：butfor（若不是），

without,under,otherwise,but,or,butthat（若不是）等。

當(dāng)but（that）,or,otherwise+從句時(shí),用法如下:

①陳述句+,or/otherwise從句（虛擬）

②虛擬+,but（that）從句（陳述句）

（技巧：情（）從句（））

+havedone+,butthatdido

另外：不定式短語(yǔ)或分詞也可引導(dǎo)暗含虛擬條件句。

eg:①Youwouldhavelaughedtoseehimjumpaside.你要

是看到他跳到一邊的樣子會(huì)大笑起來的。

②Givenmoretimeandmoney,hecouldhavedoneitbetter

thanwhatitis.如果給更多的時(shí)間和錢的話，他會(huì)把事情做得比現(xiàn)在

更好。

D.Ifonly…弓|導(dǎo)的條件句（常用感嘆的形式）表示強(qiáng)烈的不滿，遺

憾或愿望，主句常省略,意為："要是/如果……該多好啊/就好了！"。

用法：從句用did表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；用would/could/might

do表示與將來事

〃/口、女箕..〃/

"onlyif..."意為:

（注意：

實(shí)相反；用haddone表示與過去事實(shí)相反。

位于句首時(shí)采用部分倒裝。）

結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖：

我心拉g時(shí)間ifonly從.向fff4ft?用式，

比在?1《1蟲）的J用）

過上1ui<1+clone?

忖農(nóng)W4>tll<1///川貝、］+<lo

eg:①IfonlyIcouldseehimoncemore!我要是再見到他就好

了！

②Ifonlywehadtelephonedhiminadvance!要是事先給他打

個(gè)電話就好了！

E.Suppose/Supposing/providing/provided(that)...,whatif...

等某些特殊的連詞后引導(dǎo)的條件句中(有時(shí)無主句)，表示與現(xiàn)在或

將來事實(shí)相反用;表示與過去相反用

didhaddoneo

eg:①Suppose/Supposing(that)wetoldherthetruth.假定

我們把事情的真

相告訴她。

②Whatifyoucametomorrowinsteadoftoday.如果我是彳爾

明天來而不是今天來呢？

四名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

即主句含有:建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、愿望、主張等意思時(shí)，后

面的從句用(should)+V原/shouldhavedone的形式。但注意，若從

句中含有"竟然，驚訝，詫異"之意時(shí)「should"則不可以省。

特殊用法：

.wish用法如下：

表示與現(xiàn)在相反的愿望：

主語(yǔ)+wish(that)...did(were)...

表示與過去相反的愿望：

主語(yǔ)+wish(that)...haddone...

(注意：如果wish在表達(dá)對(duì)過去情況的虛擬而不是未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

時(shí),有時(shí)也可用:主語(yǔ)+

wish(that)...would/couldhavedone)o

3.表示與將來相反的愿望：

主語(yǔ)+wish(that)...could/would/mightdo

虛擬(意為：建議)

.suggest(that)+

陳述(意為：表明、暗示、認(rèn)為)

虛擬:動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生(即:堅(jiān)持要求做…)

insist(that)+

陳述:動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生(即:堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為某種觀點(diǎn)，看法，事實(shí)等)

(3).had/wouldsooner/rather+that…從句中意為"寧愿”,用

did表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在

或?qū)淼奶摂M；用haddone表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。

（4）.由asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

虛擬:同用法；在第一，三人稱可用

wishbewere/waso

陳述：表示可能發(fā)生的幾率很大或被假設(shè)為真實(shí)的。

五?副詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

A.asif/though用法雖同wish，但也有一些區(qū)別，如下。

asif/though從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制：

①在談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在情形時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。

②在談?wù)撨^去情形時(shí)用：

I.一般過去時(shí)：表示過去當(dāng)時(shí)存在的某種狀態(tài)，但若狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞后

帶有持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則要用過去完成時(shí)。

eg:Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

HelookedatmeasifIweremad.

口.過去完成時(shí):表過去的動(dòng)作先于主句而發(fā)生，即使主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),

asif從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用haddone.

eg:Itseemsasifithadgonebad.它聞起來好像壞了。

③在談?wù)搶砬樾螘r(shí)用:would（could/might）+do

B.incaseJest,forfearthat表"以防,以免"等引導(dǎo)的目的狀

語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其后的形式為:（should）+V原（但注意,incase句中

的should通常不?。Ｈ舨挥锰摂M也可用陳述，即用:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過

去時(shí)。

C.evenif/though"即使,縱然，雖然"

虛擬:同if用法相同（方法:主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式）。

陳述:表示真實(shí)情況。

六?形容詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

固定句型did

Itis（high/about/thevery/quite）time+（that）定從

譯為，"該是…的時(shí)候了"Shoulddo

七?虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法

.表示過去本打算做而實(shí)際上沒有做。

句型：haddone(be,intend,think,mean,plan,hope,etc)todo=

Ved+tohavedone,wouldlove/liketohavedone

.hadhoped表過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為"要想，希望…"，從句

謂語(yǔ)常用"would

+V原"eg:Hehadhopedthatthefamilywouldcomebefore

hisgrannycame.---------2020年湖北高考

.may(might)aswell+V原，譯為"不妨，倒不如"，表示勸說、

建議、勸告。

若其后帶有某種消極情緒時(shí)，常用:might.

.表示祝愿、命令的簡(jiǎn)單句中,eg:Longmayyoulive.

虛擬用法形式總結(jié)：

含三種:①所有含if的從句(除whatif…外)。②wish從句。

含兩種:①某些特殊連詞后的條件句。②whatif…從句。③would

rather從句。④

定從中的虛擬。

含一種:①含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣(情②名詞性從句(除

+havedone/do)o

wish外)與表"以防”意義的條件句中的虛擬一樣(should+V原)。

高考例題：

1.Ifonlyhe__quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewould

notsuffersomuchnow.

A.lies

B.lay

C.hadlain

D.shouldlie

2.HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabeautiful

garden.

A.has

B.had

C.willhave

D.hadhad

3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired

A.drove;didn,tget

B.drove;wouldn*tget

C.weredriving;wouldn,tget

D.haddriven;wouldn,thavegot

4.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit

totheYangpuBridge

A.Were

B.Should

C.Would

D.Will

5.1suggestedthepersontobeputintoprison

A.refers

B.referring

C.referred

D.refer

6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

7.1insistedtoseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing

wrongwithhim

A.onhimtogo;shouldbe

B.hewent;be

C.hego;was

D.heshouldto;is

8.—Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday

—Ihadrathershemetomorrowthantoday

A.tells

B.told

C.wouldtell

D.hadtold

9.--Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible

—Yes,butIbusydoingmyhomework

A.was

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.wouldbe

10.1wasillthatday,otherwiseIthesportsmeet

A.wouldhavetakenpartin

B.tookpartin

C.hadtakenpartin

D.wouldtakepartin

11._theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneinthesky

easily

A.Haditnotbeenfor

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Ifithadnotbeenfor

D.Wereitnotfor

12.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSunday,hemefromgoing

A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen,wouldprevent

C.were,prevent

D.were,wouldhaveprevented

13.hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam

A.Ifheweretowork

B.Hadheworked

C.Shouldhework

D.Werehetowork

14.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday

A.Werehetoleave

B.Ifhehadleft

C.Didhetoleave

D.Hadheleft

15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,youallrightnow

A.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen

16.1didnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,she

wouldhavemetmybrother

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.come

D.hadcome

17.Hebusyyesterday,orhe_youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelped

B.was,wouldhavehelped

C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped

D.were,wouldhavehelped

18.Ifitforthesnow,wethemountainyesterday

A.werenot,couldhaveclimb

B.werenot,couldclimb

C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed

D.hadn,tbeen,couldclimb

19.Withoutelectricity,humanlifequitedifficulttoday

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

20.--Iamgoingtotellherthenews

—Iwouldassoonyouheraboutit

A.didn,ttell

B.don'ttell

C.hadn1ttell

D.won'ttell

21.Mike'sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe

home

A.stayed

B.couldstay

C.hasstayed

D.stay

22.Itwasrequestedthattheplayagain

A.shouldputon

B.wouldputon

C.beputon

D.puton

23.Sheinsistedthatadoctorimmediately

A.hadsentfor

B.send

C.besentfor

D.wassent

24.--Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness

——Yes,butit

A.Fdrathernotdo

B.Tdrathernothavedone

C.Ishould1tdo

D.Fdbetternotdo

25.IfonlyI_mycar

A.hadn,tlost

B.wouldn,tlose

C.didn/tlose

D.haven,tlost

26.Butforwater,itimpossibletoliveintheearth

A.is

B.would

C.were

D.wouldn1tbe

27.Iwouldratheryouanythingaboutitforthetime

being

A.do

B.didn'tdo

C.don/t

D.didn't

28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellas

thoughhetheirownson

A.is

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthattheyyoungoncemore

A.were

B.couldbecome

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

30.Itishightimethatweameetingtodiscussthis

problem

A.hold

B.held

C.haveheld

D.hadheld

31.Thethiefclosedhiseyeshedying

A.evenif,was

B.though,wouldbe

C.even,hadbeen

D.asif,were

32.1wishthatyousuchabadheadachebecauseIam

surethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert

A.hadnot

B.didnothavehad

C.hadnfthad

D.hadn,thave

33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwethequestionagain

A.willdiscuss

B.todiscuss

C.shoulddiscuss

D.willbediscussed

34.Herequestedthatthestudentsthemgetincrops

A.help

B.tohelp

C.helped

D.helping

35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodythe

rules

A.obeys

B.obey

C.willobey

D.wouldobey

36.1wishIherethen

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.were

D.wouldbe

37.Itisstrangethathebacksoearly

A.came

B.willcome

C.hadcome

D.shouldhavecome

38.MothersuggestedthatI_myhomeworkfirstbefore

watchingTV

A.did

B.do

C.shalldo

D.havedone

39.MysuggestionisthatthemeetingofftillnextSunday

A.beput

B.put

C.shouldput

D.hadbeenput

40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethere

A.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.been

41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexambeforeeleven

A.mustfinish

B.wouldbefinished

C.befinished

D.mustbefinished

42.--Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto.....

——Don'tcallme"Joe",IamMr.Parkertoyou,and

youforgetit!

A.do

B.didn't

C.did

D.don't

43.1didnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.IbutI

allthismorning

A.would,havewashed

B.could,havebeenwashing

C.wouldhave,havebeenwashing

D.couldhave,hadwashing

44.HowIwishItorepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse

A.hadtried

B.hadn,ttried

C.havetried

D.didn'ttry

45.——HowcouldIthankyouenough?

——Don,tmentionit.Anyothermanit

A.mustdo

B.coulddo

C.wouldhavedone

D.shouldhavedone

46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq'sco-operation

goodandmilitaryactiontoallowinspectionsto

continue

A.be,bedelayed

B.is,delay

C.shouldbe,bedelayed

D.is,bedelayed

47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,

moredeaths

A.itwouldhavebeen

B.itwouldbe

C.therewouldbe

D.therewouldhavebeen

48.Whatthecustomersfromthecompanyisthatthe

goodsrighttotheirhomes.

A.requested,deliver

B.demand,bedelivered

C.request,shoulddeliver

D.demand,delivered

49.Iflaw-breakersthesocietywillbeindisorder

A.madeunpunished

B.cameunpunished

C.wentunpunished

D.notpunished

50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewelate

A.wouldbe

B.were

C.willbe

D.wouldhavebeen

51.Supposinghenever,whatwouldhappenthen

A.come

B.came

C.wouldcome

D.willcome

52.Whatdoyouthinkishisproposalthatweaplayat

theEnglishmeeting

A.hadputon

B.shouldputon

C.haveputon

D.willputon

53.1hopethatyouright

A.willbe

B.shouldbe

C.were

D.wouldbe

54.Itwouldbeimpossibleforhimtoleavehospital

tomorrowiffirstaidwhentheaccidenthappened.A.hadn,t

beengivenB.wasn'tbegiven

C.shouldn,tbegiven

D.wouldn1tbegiven

55.Heinsistedthatweearlythenextmorning

A.start

B.started

C.wouldstart

D.hadstarted

56.1didnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___,she

wouldhavemetmybrother

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.hadcome

D.came

57.Welastnight,butwewenttothecinemainstead

A.musthavestudied

B.mightstudy

C.wouldstudy

D.wouldhavestudied

58.Ifitforthesnow,wetheSimianMountainlast

week

A.werenot,couldhaveclimbed

B.werenot,couldclimb

C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed

D.hadnotbeen,couldclimb

59.Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

60.1wishIyouyesterday

A.seen

B.didsee

C.hadseen

D.weretosee

61.Hetalksasifheforages

A.islivingthere

B.waslivingthere

C.haslivedthere

D.hadlivedthere

62.Thejudgeorderedthethiefpunished

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.wastobe

D.mustbe

63.Herpalefacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparents

suggestedthatsheamedicalexamination

A.be,shouldhave

B.was,have

C.should,had

D.was,has

64.Theyaretalkingtheyhadknowneachotherforyears

A.asif

B.evenif

C.like

D.because

65.HadyoudoneasItoldyou,you

A.wouldsucceed

B.wouldhavesucceeded

C.weretosucceed

D.shouldsucceed

66.yourhelp,Itheexam

A.Without,willfail

B.Ifnot,willfail

C.Butfor,wouldhavefailed

D.Ifitisnotfor,wouldhavefailed

67.1wouldratheryouatonce

A.leave

B.willleave

C.left

D.shouldleave

68.today,shewouldarriveinNewYorkbyTuesday

A.Ifheleaves

B.Wouldhehaveleft

C.Washeleaving

D.Werehetoleave

69.Itishightimeyoutoschool

A.willgo

B.wouldgo

C.Went

D.hadgone

70.Ifhehadtakenthedoctor,sadvice,hebeenin

hospitalnow

A.shouldn,t

B.hadnrt

C.wouldn,thave

D.wouldnot

71.Itisnecessarythathetothelabrightnow

A.come

B.came

C.wouldcome

D.iscoming

72.Butthatheit,hewouldnzthavebelievedit

A.see

B.saw

C.hadseen

D.sees

73.Theirsuggestionisthatthewoundedsoldiersto

hospitalatonce

A.besent

B.issent

C.wassent

D.shouldsend

74.1wouldbuythatcarbutIenoughmoney

A.donothave

B.didnothave

C.willnothave

D.hadnothad

75.Ifonlyweaboutthedanger,wecouldn,thave

joinedyou

A.knew

B.hadknown

C.wouldknow

D.shouldknow

76.Itwasorderedthatnosmokinginthelibrary

A.wasallowed

B.wouldbeallowed

C.beallowed

D.hadbeenallowed

77.youcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim

A.Should

B.Would

C.Could

D.Had

78.—Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkearlier

——IknowbutIthetime

A.don'thave

B.didnzthave

C.won'thave

D.hadnot

79.Itriedhisbestineverything,hewouldn,thave

beenwhathewas

A.otherwise

B.but

C.and

D.butthat

80.HowIwishIsuchagoodchancebefore

A.didn'tmiss

B.hadn'tmissed

C.met

D.havemet

81._yourletter,Iwouldhavestartedofftwodaysago

A.IfIcouldhavereceived

B.IfIreceived

C.ShouldIreceived

D.Had

Ireceived

82.1wouldaskTomtolendusmoneyifIhim

A.hadknown

B.knew

C.haveknown

D.know

83.Ifittomorrow,whatshallwedo?

A.rains

B.wouldrain

C.rained

D.shouldrain

84.Ifhe_comeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemet

him

A.would

B.should

C./

D.had

85.Ifheweretocome