2016年高考英語沖刺講義(完型)

精銳教育學科教師輔導講義學員編號：年級：高三課時數(shù)：3學員姓名：輔導科目：英語學科教師：余英授課類型C專題-完型填空考情分析C專題-完型填空之解題技巧T能力-完型填空之能力提高授課日期及時段教學內(nèi)容專題知識梳理知識點1：近五年高考完形考情分析年份內(nèi)容題材2011留住客戶的必要性商務經(jīng)濟類2012人們成功尋求幫助的影響因素分析社會文化類2013經(jīng)濟全球化的利與弊商務經(jīng)濟類2014語言是人類的閑聊工具社會文化類2015人類相互吸引的三大影響因素社會文化類解析：從以上表格看出，高考完形填空的題材以社會文化及商務經(jīng)濟兩大類為主，應作為沖刺階段的復習重點。知識點2：高考完形填空必備詞匯高考英語完型填空必備詞匯詞性20112012201320142015名詞expensebudgetloyaltyrealitysimilarityfriendshipdonationvictimpovertyconflictpopulationoutcomeagreementprospectdescriptiongossipmotivationinspectionpriorityprinciplevirtuepassionillustrationintension動詞emphasizeoverlookensuredenyalterrefusedeserveobtainseekcontributedefineignoreconsumewithdrawconfirmrejectoutlineconcludeconfessextendimposeinvestigatediagnoserecalldistinguishenhance形容詞financialeconomicalsensitiveagreeableflexibleamusingplaintalkativetalentedcalmsmoothmaturelocalforeignpoliticalhistoricalvitalsensitiveidealthoughtfulindirectbeneficialintialrandomalertresistantsuperiorinsulting注：在選項中積累詞匯是快速積累完型高頻詞匯的重要方法，尤其是真題中的詞匯更是需要引導學生熟練掌握的重要內(nèi)容。專題精講2015年上海高考真題Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,youwouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52topeople’slives.The53isallaroundus.Itiseasytopreparealistofmodernstorieshavingtodowithlove.Anendlessnumberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,canbe54.Theyask,whatislove?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.Scientistswonderhowmuchthebraingetsinvolved.Youhaveprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55attract,too.Onethingiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.FirstImpressionTohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother’sindividuality.Thenstudentswereaskedto57whatkindofrelationshiptheywerelikelytobuildwiththeirpartners.Afternineweeks,theyreportedwhathappened.Asitturnedout,their58judgmentsoftenheldtrue.Studentsseemedto59atanearlystagewhowouldbestfitintotheirlives.The60KnowsScientistshavealsoturnedtononhumanstoincreaseunderstandingofattraction.Manyanimalsgiveoffpheromones—naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthesamespecies.Pheromonescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeeling61topartnerships.Incontrast,humansdonotseemtobeas62asotheranimalsatdetectingsuchchemicals.Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.Althoughwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.FaceValueBeingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.Researchershadpeoplejudgefacesfor63.Theparticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yetsomehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.Thewaywe64attractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65wordsfasterafterviewinganattractiveface.Seeingsomethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.51.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Moreover D.Otherwise52.A.romantic B.stressful C.central D.beneficial53.A.priority B.proof C.possibility D.principle54.A.tested B.imposed C.changed D.created55.A.appearances B.virtues C.similarities D.passions56.A.illustrations B.implications C.ingredients D.intensions57.A.predict B.investigate C.diagnose D.recall58.A.critical B.initial C.random D.mature59.A.memorize B.distinguish C.negotiate D.question60.A.Nose B.Eye C.Heart D.Hand61.A.open B.alert C.resistant D.superior62.A.disappointed B.amazed C.confused D.gifted63.A.emotions B.attractiveness C.individuality D.signals64.A.enhance B.possess C.maintain D.assess65.A.familiar B.plain C.positive D.insulting三、專題過關(guān)2014年上海高考真題Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe__52__dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural__54__,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues.Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—__57__,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates（靈長類動物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore__64__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attackB.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibility C.leadership D.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained64.A.common B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secret四、學法提煉1、專題特點：重點考查學生的文章理解及單詞在具體語境中的運用能力。2、解題方法：在把握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，從上下文尋找解題線索。3、注意事項：從上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項。一、專題知識梳理---解題技巧匯總一、利用文章首句信息解題【例1】Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis:Iseconomicglobalization50forall?(2013年上海英語高考)50.A.possible B.smooth C.good D.easy【例2】Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.(2011年上海高考英語)A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofall【例3】Mostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehasimagination.(2009年上海高考英語)50.A.wrong B.unbelievable C.reasonable D.realistic二、利用邏輯關(guān)系解題【例1】Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.(2013年上海高考英語)57.A.finding B.exploring C.bridging D.widening【例2】Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.__56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.(2012年上海高考英語)56.A.AtfirstB.AboveallC.InadditionD.Forexample【例3】Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58__neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsinpotentialprofits.(2011年上海高考英語)58.A.asaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontrary【例4】Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51__revising.(2010年上海高考英語)51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords【例5】Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,60,youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife(becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney).(2009年上海高考英語)60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample三、利用詞匯復現(xiàn)解題【例1】Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59_theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.(2012年上海高考英語)59.A.sendinB.throwawayC.filloutD.turndown【例2】Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidtokeepingthem”.(2011年上海高考英語)60.A.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interest【例3】Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkinresponsetoyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.(2010年上海高考英語)55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh【例4】DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions.(2010年上海高考英語)63.A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints四、利用對比信息解題【例1】SmallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56__open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.(2013年上海高考英語)56.A.mature B.new C.local D.foreign【例2】Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.(2013年上海高考英語)62.A.keepup B.comein C.goaround D.helpout【例3】Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.(2012年上海高考英語)58.A.talentedB.good-lookingC.helpfulD.hard-working【例4】Makingconnections:Thistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.(2009年上海高考英語)54.A.familiarB.unrelatedC.creativeD.imaginary五、利用語義理解解題【例1】AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegrationintotheworldeconomy.(2013年上海高考英語)58.A.suffered B.profited C.learned D.withdrawn【例2】__53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.(2011年上海高考英語)53.A.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.Failing【例3】However,don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58.(2010年上海高考英語)58.A.draftingB.rearrangingC.performingD.training二、專題精講2013年上海高考真題Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis:Iseconomicglobalization__50__forall?AccordingtotheWorldBank,oneofitschiefsupporters,economicglobalizationhashelpedreduce__51__inalargenumberofdevelopingcountries.Itquotesonestudythatshowsincreasedwealth__52__toimprovededucationandlongerlifeintwenty-fourdevelopingcountriesasaresultofintegration(融合)oflocaleconomiesintotheworldeconomy.Hometosomethreebillionpeople,thesetwenty-fourcountrieshaveseenincomes__53__atanaveragerateoffivepercent--comparedtotwopercentindevelopedcountries.Thosewho__54__globalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountrieswillbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome-basedbusinesses.__55__,smallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin__56__open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually__57__thegapbetweentherichandpoor.AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually__58__fromintegrationintotheworldeconomyandthatthepoor,theuneducated,unskilledworkers,andnativepeopleshavebeenleftbehind.__59__,theymaintain(堅持認為)thatglobalizationmayeventuallythreatenemergingbusinesses(新興行業(yè)).Forexample,Indiancraftsmenwhocurrentlyseemtobenefitfromglobalizationbecausetheyareableto__60__theirproductsmaysoonfacefiercecompetitionthatcouldputthemoutof__61__.Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto__62__andwillbecrowdedout.Onethingiscertainaboutglobalization--thereisno__63__.Advancesintechnologycombinedwithmoreopenpolicieshavealreadycreatedaninterconnectedworld.The__64__nowisfindingawaytocreateakindofglobalizationthatworksforthebenefitofall.50.A.possible B.smooth C.good D.easy51.A.crime B.poverty C.conflict D.population52.A.contributing B.responding C.turning D.owing53.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase54.A.doubt B.define C.advocate D.ignore55.A.Inaddition B.Forinstance C.Inotherwords D.Allinall56.A.mature B.new C.local D.foreign57.A.finding B.exploring C.bridging D.widening58.A.suffered B.profited C.learned D.withdrawn59.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise60.A.consume B.deliver C.export D.advertise61.A.trouble B.business C.power D.mind62.A.keepup B.comein C.goaround D.helpout63.A.takingoff B.gettingalong C.holdingout D.turningback64.A.agreement B.prediction C.outcome D.challenge三、專題過關(guān)2012年上海高考真題PeopleonacollegecampusweremorelikelytogivemoneytotheMarchofDimesiftheywereaskedforadonationbyadisabledwomaninawheelchairthanifaskedbyanondisabledwoman.Inanother50,subwayridersinNewYorksawamancarryingastickstumble(絆腳)andfalltothefloor.Sometimesthevictimhadalargeredbirthmarkonhis51;sometimeshedidnot.Inthissituation,thevictimwasmorelikelyto52aidifhisfacewasspotlessthanifhehadanunattractivebirthmark.In53theseandotherresearchfindings,twothemesare54:wearemorewillingtohelppeoplewelikeforsomereasonandpeoplewethink55assistance.Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.Theapplicationwasreadytobe57,buthadapparentlybeen“l(fā)ost”.Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.Thedegreeof60betweenthepotentialhelperandthepersoninneedisalsoimportant.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytohelpastrangerwhoisfromthesamecountryratherthanaforeigner.Inonestudy,shoppersonabusystreetinScotlandweremorelikelytohelpapersonwearinga(n)61T-shirtthanapersonwearingaT-shirtprintedwithoffensivewords.Whetherapersonreceiveshelpdependsinpartonthe“worth”ofthecase.Forexample,shoppersinasupermarketweremorelikelytogivesomeone62tobuymilkratherthantobuycookies,probablybecausemilkisthoughtmoreessentialfor63thancookies.PassengersonaNewYorksubwayweremorelikelytohelpamanwhofelltothegroundifheappearedtobe64ratherthandrunk.A.study B.way C.word D.collegeA.hand B.arm C.face D.backA.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receiveA.challenging B.recording C.understanding D.publishingA.important B.possible C.amusing D.missingA.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.acceptA.Atfirst B.Aboveall C.Inaddition D.ForexampleA.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signedA.talented B.good-looking C.helpful D.hard-workingA.sendin B.throwaway C.fillout D.turndownA.similarity B.friendship C.cooperation D.contactA.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strangeA.time B.instructions C.money D.chancesA.shoppers B.research C.children D.healthA.talkative B.handsome C.calm D.sick四、學法提煉做題方法：1、通讀全文，理解大意；2、瞻前顧后，避難就易；3、復讀全文，解決殘敵；4、再次復讀，彌補疏漏。備考建議：1、常見高頻詞的整理匯總，并對“一詞多義”“熟詞生義”進行歸納；2、邏輯關(guān)系中的轉(zhuǎn)折和因果真題范例學習及積累；3、“先揚后抑”、“先抑后揚”寫作套路的完型語篇閱讀與思考。能力培養(yǎng)能力1：培養(yǎng)學生獲取文字信息的能力：理解事實、辨認細節(jié)；能力2：培養(yǎng)學生理解單詞表層含義以及深層含義的能力，能對文章進行合理的推理判斷；能力3：培養(yǎng)學生理解主旨大意、綜合事實的能力；培養(yǎng)學生在把握整體的前提下，充分利用上下文，選擇最佳選項的能力。能力檢測2011年上海高考真題Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining(留住)customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness—52thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino’sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny.“Inpracticemostcompanies’marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them”,saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversity’SchoolofManagement.“Researchsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofallA.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believeA.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.provingA.Moving B.Hoping C.Starting D.FailingA.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expensesA.culture B.social C.financial D.EconomicalA.promise B.plan C.mistake D.differenceA.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budgetasaresult B.onthewhole C.inconclusion D.onthecontraryA.huge B.potential C.extra D.reasonableA.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interestA.altering B.understanding C.keeping D.attractingA.Assumed B.Respected C.Established D.UnexpectedA.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitiveA.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenient三、能力點評在把握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力。課后作業(yè)2010年上海高考真題Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50．Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising．Andrew