10必修三Unit2Naturaldisasters背誦清單（含練習(xí)與答案）-2025年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)能力提升全囊括（譯林版2020）

必修三Unit2Naturaldisasters知識(shí)背誦清單一、背重點(diǎn)單詞1.__________________n.災(zāi)難，災(zāi)害；徹底失敗2.__________________n.碰撞聲，破裂聲；碰撞；崩潰vi.&vt.碰撞，撞擊；崩潰3.__________________vi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)，示意；標(biāo)志n.信號(hào)，暗號(hào)；信號(hào)燈4.__________________vt.&vi.出去，離去，退場(chǎng)；退出n.出口，通道；離開5.__________________n.名單；卷；一管；翻滾vi.&vt.翻滾，滾動(dòng)；翻身；卷起6.__________________vt.擁抱，摟抱；抱緊7.__________________vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于8.__________________n.震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動(dòng)vt.使震驚9.__________________n.補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)給品；供應(yīng)vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供10.__________________n.洪水，水災(zāi)；大量vi.&.vt.淹沒，泛濫；大量涌入11.__________________vt.使出土，挖掘，發(fā)掘12.__________________n.目的地，終點(diǎn)13.__________________adv.否則，不然；除此以外14.__________________adv.在(或向)較遠(yuǎn)處prep.在(或向)更遠(yuǎn)處；超出15.__________________n.&.wt.救援，營救，搶救答案：1.disaster2.crash3.signal4.exit5.roll6.hug7.occur8.shock9.supply10.flood11.unearth12.destination13.otherwise14.beyond15.rescue二、用核心詞匯1.injurev.傷害，使受傷；損害→______________adj.受傷的；受損害的→______________n.傷害；損害；受傷處2.reactvi.反應(yīng)；作出反應(yīng)→_______________n.反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)；抗拒；化學(xué)反應(yīng)3.ordern.順序；規(guī)則→______________adj.有秩序的，有條理的，整齊的4.confirmvt.證實(shí)，確認(rèn)；使確信；批準(zhǔn)→______________n.確認(rèn)；證實(shí)5.informvt.了解，熟悉；通知→_______________n.信息6.scarevt.&vi.驚嚇，害怕n.恐慌；驚嚇→_______________adj.恐懼的；害怕的→___________adj.恐怖的；可怕的7.powern.電，電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；控制力；能力；能量；力量→______________adj.強(qiáng)大的；有感染力的→_______________adj.無力的；沒有能力的8.donatev.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→______________n.捐贈(zèng)；捐獻(xiàn)→________________n.捐贈(zèng)者9.eruptvwi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→______________n.(火山的)爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)10.exportn.出口產(chǎn)品，輸出的產(chǎn)品；出口，輸出vt.出口，輸出→____________n.進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品，輸入的產(chǎn)品；輸入vt.進(jìn)口，引進(jìn)11.ashn.灰→______________adj.覆蓋著灰的；灰色的12.bearv.忍受→___________adj.可忍受的；能應(yīng)付的→_______________adj.難耐的，無法忍受的13.distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的；疏遠(yuǎn)的→______________n.遙遠(yuǎn)，久遠(yuǎn)；距離；差異；疏遠(yuǎn)14.sharpadj.靈敏的；鋒利的；急劇的；明顯的；尖銳的；強(qiáng)烈的→______________vt.削尖；磨快；使尖銳；變鋒利15.retirevi.&vt.退休，退職→______________n.退休→______________adj.已退休的答案：1.injured;injury2.reaction3.orderly4.rmation6.scared;scary7.powerful;powerless8.donation;donator9.eruption10.import11.ashy12.bearable;unbearable13.distance14.sharpen;sharpener15.retirement;retired【語境活用】1.Hegot______________duringthefootballmatchandthe______________wasserious.(injure)2.Iwantedtoknowhowthestudents______________tomywordsaswellasyour_______________.(react)3.Afterhecameinto______________,hedidn'tfeelhewas______________.Heevenfelthewas_____________whenhecouldn'tprotecthiswife.(power)4.We______________moneytotheschooleveryyear.The_______________isgiventothoseinneed.Theyaregratefultothe______________.(donate)5.Themanisalways___________towardshisneighbors,sohisneighborsoftenkeephimata___________.(distant)6.Theboywantstobuyanewpencil_____________tohispencil,becausethepreviousonehehasisn't______________atall.(sharp)答案：1.injured;injury2.reacted;reaction3.power;powerful;powerless4.donate;donation;donators5.distant;distance6.sharpener;sharpen;sharp三、記高頻詞匯1.injurevt.傷害，使受傷，損害；損壞(名譽(yù));傷害(感情)背詞條用法(1)getinjured受傷theinjured傷員(2)dosb./oneselfaninjury=doaninjurytosb./oneself使某人/自己受傷害背寫作佳句①Firstaidisveryessentialinourlife,especiallywhenpeoplesuddenlyfallillorgetinjured.在我們的生活中，急救非常重要，特別是在有人突發(fā)疾病或受傷的時(shí)候。②Ifyoutryandliftthatheavysuitcase,youwilldoyourselfaninjury.如果你試圖提起那個(gè)沉重的手提箱，你會(huì)傷到自己的。2.confirmvt.證實(shí)，確認(rèn)；使確信；批準(zhǔn)背詞條用法confirmatheory/rumour證實(shí)一種理論/謠言confirmsb.inthebeliefthat...使某人堅(jiān)信……confirmthat…確定/證實(shí)……Ithasbeenconfirmedthat...已經(jīng)確定/證實(shí)……背寫作佳句①(2021·浙江6月高考)Mostofthestudentsthinkhighlyofthisexhibition,whichconfirmsthatitisagreatchancetoexperiencethecharmofChineseart.大多數(shù)學(xué)生對(duì)這次展覽評(píng)價(jià)很高，這證明這是一次體驗(yàn)中國藝術(shù)魅力的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。②(2017·浙江6月高考)Ithasbeenconfirmedthatwewillgotoclimbamountain,wherewecanhaveapicnic.已經(jīng)確定我們將要去爬山，并在那里野餐。3.occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于背詞條用法Sth.occurs/occurredtosb.某事被某人想起Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人想起……Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想起做某事背寫作佳句①ItoccurstomethatwecanturntoourEnglishteacherwhoisknowledgeableandreadytohelp.我想到我們可以求助于我們的英語老師，他知識(shí)淵博，樂于助人。②Itoccurredtometogotothegrocerytograbsomethingfordinneronthewayhome.在回家的路上，我突然想起要去雜貨店為晚餐買點(diǎn)東西。4.informvt.了解，熟悉；通知背詞條用法informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事informsb.that..通知某人……informsb.+疑問詞+todo告知某人……keeprmed(ofsth.)使某人了解(某事)背寫作佳句①Iapologizedtoyousincerelyfornotbeingabletoinformyouofthechangeintheplan.我為沒能通知你計(jì)劃的改變，由衷地向你道歉。②(2021·全國乙卷)OnlinelearningviatheInternetalwayskeepsusinformedofthedevelopmentofthelatesttechnologyintheworld.通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)總能讓我們知曉世界上最新的科技發(fā)展。5.shockn.震驚，驚愕；劇烈震動(dòng)vt.使震驚背詞條用法(1)inshock震驚，吃驚(2)beshockedat/by對(duì)……感到震驚背寫作佳句①Hewasstillinshockfromwhathadhappenedearlierintheafternoon.他仍在為下午稍早所發(fā)生的事感到震驚。②WhenwewenttothePoorestareaofthecountrytosupporteducation,wewereshockedatwhatwehadseenthere.當(dāng)我們?nèi)ミ@個(gè)國家最貧窮的地區(qū)支教時(shí)，我們對(duì)在那里看到的景象感到震驚。6.powern.電，電力；權(quán)力；政權(quán)；控制力；能力；能量；力量背詞條用法withinone'spower在某人能力/權(quán)力范圍之內(nèi)beyond/outofone'spower某人力所不能及beinpower執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))etopower開始掌權(quán)/執(zhí)政(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)have(the)powertodosth.有能力/權(quán)力做某事背寫作佳句①I'lldoeverythingwithinmypowertopreparewellfortheingexhibition.我將竭盡全力為即將到來的展覽做好準(zhǔn)備。②Thoughhehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears,hehasn'tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry'seconomicproblems.雖然他已經(jīng)執(zhí)政兩年了，但還沒有找到解決國家經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的有效辦法。7.supplyn.補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)給品；供應(yīng)；供應(yīng)量，儲(chǔ)備vt.供應(yīng)，供給，提供背詞條用法(1)beinshortsupply供應(yīng)不足asupplyof/suppliesof..……的供應(yīng)(2)supply..withsth.=supplysth.to.向……提供某物背寫作佳句①AstheChinesemarkethasgreatpotential,thecurrentsituationisinshortsupply.由于中國市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，目前的情況是供不應(yīng)求。②(2020·浙江7月高考)Lookingbackontheprocessofstudyingwithyou,Iwillneverforgetthehelpyousuppliedtome.回顧和你一起學(xué)習(xí)的過程，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記你給我提供的幫助。8.donatevt.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)背詞條用法(1)donate..to...把……捐贈(zèng)給……donate...todosth.捐贈(zèng)……做某事(2)makeadonationto向……捐贈(zèng)背寫作佳句①(2015·天律高考)ToassistthestudentsinlearningChinesebetter,ourschoolhasdecidedtodonatesomebookstoyourChineseclass.為了幫助學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)漢語，我們學(xué)校決定給你們的中文班捐贈(zèng)一批圖書。②Iwasinspiredtomakeadonationtothecharityimmediatelyafterthedinner.我很受鼓舞，晚宴一結(jié)束，我便為該慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款。四、短語再現(xiàn)1.__________________整個(gè)，全部 2.__________________抓緊，不放開；保存某物3.__________________同時(shí) 4.__________________如果；假使；以防，以防萬一5.__________________點(diǎn)名 6.__________________安然無恙的7.__________________一系列 8.__________________被想到，浮現(xiàn)在腦中9.__________________(在困境中)保持冷靜 10.__________________提醒某人注意某事11.__________________使某人寬慰的是 12.__________________用完，耗盡13.__________________與……一起 14.__________________向四面八方15.__________________呈現(xiàn)…的形狀；采取…的形式 16.__________________突然開始，爆發(fā)17.__________________在遠(yuǎn)處 18.__________________到處，各處答案：1.atlarge2.holdonto3.atthesametime4.incase5.rollcall6.safeandsound7.aseriesof8.occurto9.keepone'shead10.warnsb.of/aboutsth.11.toone'srelief12.runoutof13.alongwith14.inalldirections15.taketheformof16.breakout17.inthedistance18.farandwide短語活用1.atlarge整個(gè)，全部背相關(guān)短語byandlarge大體上，總的說來inlargepart在很大程度上(as)largeaslife(表示驚訝地見到)本人，本身背寫作佳句①Hisnewnovelhasbeenwellreceivedbythepublicatlarge.他新創(chuàng)作的小說深受廣大讀者的歡迎。②Theirsuccessisdueinlargeparttotheirdetermination.他們的成功在很大程度上應(yīng)歸功于他們的決心。2.runoutof用完，耗盡背相關(guān)短語runout用完；用光runacross偶然遇到runfor競(jìng)選；匆匆去取runinto撞上；遇到；邂逅runafter追逐，追趕背寫作佳句①Facingtheproblemthatpreciousnaturalresourcesmayberunoutof,onnoaccountcanwewastethem.面對(duì)寶貴的自然資源可能枯竭的問題，我們決不能浪費(fèi)資源。②I'dliketorunforthevicepresidentoftheEnglishclubinourschool.我想競(jìng)選我校英語俱樂部的副會(huì)長(zhǎng)。3.breakout突然開始，爆發(fā)背相關(guān)短語carryout實(shí)施；執(zhí)行checkout結(jié)賬后離開dropout退出leaveout忽略；遺漏putout撲滅；出版背寫作佳句①Aftertheepidemicbrokeout,thewholecountryunitedtogetherandovercameit.疫情暴發(fā)后，全國人民團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，戰(zhàn)勝了疫情。②Atlastthefirefightersputoutthefireinthesupermarket,whichbrokeoutattenthismorning.消防隊(duì)員終于把超市里的火撲滅了，這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)是今天上午十點(diǎn)發(fā)生的。4.taketheformof呈現(xiàn)……的形狀；采取……的形式背相關(guān)短語takeform逐漸成形；漸漸發(fā)展inanyshapeorform任何形式背寫作佳句①Ournextclasswilltaketheformofadebate.我們下一堂課將采用辯論的形式。②Asplanstookforminhermind,sherealizedtheneedforanassistant.隨著計(jì)劃在腦海里逐漸成形，她意識(shí)到需要找一個(gè)助手。③Idon'tapproveofviolenceinanyshapeorform.我不贊成任何形式的暴力行為。5.safeandsound安然無恙的背相關(guān)短語farandwide到處，各處fleshandblood親人，骨肉upsanddowns盛衰；沉浮cutanddried固定的；已成定局的fairandsquare正大光明的背寫作佳句①Wewereverydelightedthathereturned,safeandsound.看到他平安歸來，我們非常高興。②Theysearchedfarandwideforthemissingchild.他們四處搜尋這個(gè)失蹤的小孩。知識(shí)背誦檢測(cè)I.單詞拼寫1.Theresearcherssaytheywillcarryoutmorestudiesto_______________(確認(rèn))theresults.2.Thesoldiersweresenttotheearthquakestrickenareaimmediatelyto_______________(營救)peoplewhoweretrappedintheruins.3.You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouburythewine,________________(否則),youmayloseit.4.Whatreallyworriesusiswhethertheexplorerscanaccurately________________(找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置)themselveswiththeolddeviceincaseofthebadweather.5.Thefloodlastmonthinthesouthwasareal_______________(災(zāi)難),leaving19peopledeadand78missing.6.Adoctor'staskistoworkforthe_______________(減輕)ofpatients'suffering.Ⅱ.語境辨義(寫出加黑部分的漢語意思)1.SinceCOVID19haslargelybeenbroughtundercontrol,peopleinthatcountryreturntotheirworkinanorderlymanner._______________2.Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofmunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant_______________3.(熟詞生義)Readingisanactivelearningexperiencethatwillkeepyourmindsharp._______________4.(熟詞生義)Whenthefirmcrashed,theyassumedthedealwouldbecancelled._______________5.(熟詞生義)Awaveofhappinessfloodedme,whenreceivingtheamazingbirthdaypresent._______________6.(熟詞生義)Adarkmassofcloudsthatsuddenlyeruptedintoashoweroflightninggatheredoveronevillage._______________7.(熟詞生義)Thecharityprovidedmoneytostaffandequiptwohospitals._______________Ⅲ.單句語法填空1.Theysignalledtome_______________(join)theminplayinggames.2.Wearekept_______________(inform)ofwhatishappeningintheworldbyreadingnewspapersandwatchingTV3.Butafterbeingcleaned,oiledandregulated,mywatchsloweddowntoan_______________(bearable)degree.4.Theyclimbedtothetopofthetower,fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthe_______________(distant).5.Sheisverypleasedwiththeresultofherbloodtest,foralltesteditemsshownegative_______________(react).6.Theearthquakewhichhasbig_______________(destroy)powerisoneofthemonnaturaldisasters.7._______________(locate)wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.IV.選詞填空atlarge,holdonto,rollcall,keepyourhead,toone'sgreatrelief,keepawayfrom,makeadifference,knockdown,washaway,watchoutfor1._______________,Ipassedthefinalexam.2.Weshould_______________theculturalpollutioncloselyforthetimebeing.3.Tryto_______________andjusttellmewhathappened.4.Atlastheacceptedtheopinionofthepublic________________.5.Heavyrainwouldnotonly_______________thesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.6.Itoldhimhowwehadfoughtto_______________thepany.7.We'llhavemorespaceifwe_______________thewall.8.Inorderto_______________drugs,youngpeopleshouldbeeducatedtorealizethatdrugscan'tbemoreharmful.9.Theathleteswhowillpeteinthetrackeventsshouldgotothe_______________20minutesbeforetherace.10.Evenafewhoursamonthcan_______________insomeone'slife.V.關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯用準(zhǔn)用活1.用活——同義試試看(用本單元詞匯替換黑體詞匯)①Hewouldnothavegothurtifhehadobeyedthetrafficrule._______________②Iknockedonthedoorbuttherewasnoresponse._______________③Itisprovedthatthemethodhasgoodappliedvalueinteaching._______________④Theheartissituatedroughlyinthecenterofthechestcavity._______________2.用準(zhǔn)——易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰(1)runoutVSrunoutof①Ifwe'renotcareful,we'regoingto_______________oil.②Conditionsaregettingworseandsuppliesare_______________.(2)takeplaceVSbreako