第八節(jié)非謂語動詞學(xué)案-高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

第八節(jié)非謂語動詞〔真題演練〕1.[2022全國新高考Ⅰ]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincrease（increase）effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.2.[2022全國甲]AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked（徒步）40daystoXi’an,asafirststeptojourney（journey）theBeltandRoadroute（路線）byfoot.3.[2021全國新高考Ⅰ]Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished（astonish）.4.[2021全國甲]Itispossibletowalk（walk）orbiketheentire14kilometers.5.[2021全國甲]Afterspending（spend）sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!〔必備知識〕非謂語動詞包括動名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。在語法填空題中,針對非謂語動詞的考查主要集中在非謂語動詞作主語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語等。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)與句法功能如下：非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式tobedoing不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞一般式doingbeingdone其表示的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的動作先于句中謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生過去分詞done與句中主語為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，表完成考點(diǎn)一非謂語動詞作狀語非謂語動詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。1.不定式作狀語（1）作目的狀語，可用soasto/inorderto替換，意為“為了；以便”，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Toenjoytheconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorsstartedtousesmartphones.為了享受數(shù)字支付的便利,很多老年人開始使用智能。（2）作結(jié)果狀語，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：onlytodo（表示意想不到的結(jié)果）、enoughtodo...（足夠做……）、too...todo...（太……而不能做……）、so/such...asto...（如此……以至于……）等。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。（3）作原因狀語，常用在“主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy、difficult、hard、fortable、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointed等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著它最初的樣子。易錯(cuò)提示在“主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動形式表示被動意義。在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動詞必須是及物動詞；若為不及物動詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。Thepersonishardtodealwith.這個(gè)人很難對付。2.分詞作狀語分詞作狀語時(shí),可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時(shí),過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。為了強(qiáng)調(diào),還可與while、when、once、if、unless等詞連用。Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,reflectingman’sintelligenceandcreativity.一座城市是人類的手與大腦的產(chǎn)物,這反映出了人類的智慧與創(chuàng)造性。Thecoupletookgoodcareofthebabywhileoccupiedbytheirwork.這對夫婦一邊工作，一邊很好地照顧著嬰兒。易錯(cuò)提示部分過去分詞作狀語時(shí)不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的詞和短語有：located（坐落于）、lost（迷路的）、seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著的）、lost/absorbed/buriedin（沉溺于）、dressedin（穿著）、tiredof（對……厭煩）、facedwith（面對著）。Facedwiththegreatchallenge,Ididn’tloseheart.面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，我沒有灰心?？键c(diǎn)特訓(xùn)1.[2022全國新高考Ⅰ]Covering（cover）anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.2.[2022全國甲]Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planning（plan）tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.3.[2022全國乙]Tostrengthen（strengthen）theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,inviting（invite）twentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.4.[2022山東濰坊期末統(tǒng)考]Williewasmovingoutofhisapartmentandheneededboxestopack（pack）histhings.5.[2022山東臨沂三校高三期末]Dressed（dress）inafullbodysuitofice,asymbolofpurityandstrength,thepandawearsahelmetwithacoloredhalo（光環(huán)）.考點(diǎn)二非謂語動詞作定語1.不定式作定語（1）不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，一般表示的動作在“某個(gè)時(shí)間”前尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)。若不定式是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.我在整個(gè)會議期間一直看鐘表，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。（2）序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、thelast、theonly等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后,常用不定式作定語。注意:該名詞通常是作定語的非謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者。Hewasthefirstguesttoarrive.他是第一個(gè)到的客人。（3）被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語。常見的這類名詞有：ability、chance、wish、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。Thebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓它（意志力）成為一種習(xí)慣。2.分詞作定語（1）及物動詞的分詞形式作定語doing被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關(guān)系ThereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.有數(shù)百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。beingdone被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.現(xiàn)在正在被討論的問題很重要。done被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表完成I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2012.我想讓你們看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。（2）不及物動詞的分詞形式作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞只表示動作已完成,不表被動。fallingleaves正在落下的葉子（表正在進(jìn)行）fallenleaves落葉（表完成）考點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)1.[2022全國乙]“...Itcanhelptobuildamunitywithashared（share）futureformankind,”hesaid.2.[2022全國甲]InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld（hold）inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute（致敬）totheancientSilkRoad.3.[2022廣東深圳光明區(qū)名校聯(lián)考]YaoZhongyu,astudentofBeihangUniversity,toldhisfamilyinavideoposted（post）onlinethathewouldnotbeabletospendtheSpringFestivalwiththemashevolunteeredfortheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGames.4.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredthatshehadnoplanstoretire（retire）fromher36yearoldbusiness.5.Whenwegotacallsaying（say）shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.6.[2022廣東深圳市新安中學(xué)期末]ThebinationofthesepandareservesisanenthusiasticmitmentbytheChinesegovernmenttoprotect（protect）theseextraordinaryanimals.考點(diǎn)三非謂語動詞作賓語1.通常接不定式作賓語的動詞decide、determine、learn、want、expect、hope、wish、refuse、manage、care、pretend、offer、promise、choose、plan、agree、help等。Ihavedecidedtostudyengineering.我已經(jīng)決定學(xué)工程學(xué)。易錯(cuò)提示allow、permit、advise后需加動名詞作賓語，但如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“allow/permit/advisedoing/sb.todosth.”。2.通常接動名詞作賓語的動詞及短語admit、avoid、consider、escape（避開）、imagine、mind、miss、practise、suggest、feellike、giveup、putoff、objectto、lookforwardto等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble（in）doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中也用動名詞作賓語。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我避開提及這個(gè)話題，以免冒犯他。3.接不定式與動名詞作賓語意義不同的動詞forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事IrememberedlockingthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.我離開辦公室之前記得鎖門了，但卻忘記關(guān)燈了。易錯(cuò)提示（1）動詞want、need、require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用v.ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動詞還有deserve（值得）。Thewindowneedscleaning/tobecleaned.（window與clean之間存在被動關(guān)系）那扇窗戶需要清洗。（2）“疑問詞+不定式（短語）”常作learn、decide、know、wonder、show、tell、understand、explain、teach、advise、findout等的賓語。Wewillbehavingameetingtodecidewhattodo.我們將開會決定該做什么。4.作介詞的賓語時(shí),要用動名詞形式,不能用動詞不定式。常見的短語有：be/getusedto、feellike、insiston、getdownto、devote...to...、objectto、stickto、havedifficulty/trouble（in）、havefun（in）。IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdealwithstudents.我過去航海和現(xiàn)在與學(xué)生們打交道一樣開心。易錯(cuò)提示介詞后一般要接v.ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式時(shí)，若前有實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式，不定式要省略to。Wecandonothingbutwait.除了等待我們別無選擇。考點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)1.[2022廣東深圳光明區(qū)名校聯(lián)考]Heplanstopursuehiscareerinthemainlandafterpleting（plete）hisstudies.2.[2022廣東佛山一中高三模擬]Somealsoremendrestricting（restrict）dairyproducts.3.[2022廣東佛山高三一模]Incredibly,around1,500workersspentjustninehoursinpleting（plete）thetransformationofanoldtrainstationinFujianProvince,southernChina.4.[2021全國乙]KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（遠(yuǎn)足）andacmodationsaimtohave（have）alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.5.A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeing（be）Britain’soldestfulltimeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.考點(diǎn)四非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)1.不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞（短語）有：advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、intend、invite、order、persuade、prefer、require、remind、tell、want、warn、dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們一個(gè)可以依賴的替代品。易錯(cuò)提示有些動詞，如think、consider、believe、suppose、feel、find、understand等后常用tobe作賓補(bǔ)，在sb.bebelieved/said/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。ThepresidentwasreportedtohavevisitedChina.據(jù)報(bào)道，那位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)訪問了中國。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動詞與賓語之間存在主動關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動動作?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動詞有：see、watch、observe、notice、hear、feel、have、get、keep、catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp？聽！你聽到有人正在呼救嗎？3.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動詞與賓語之間存在被動關(guān)系。可接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動詞有：see、watch、observe、notice、hear、feel、have、make、get、find、leave、keep等。IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken.我需要一本新護(hù)照,因此我得拍張照片。4.使役動詞have和get后接非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語的異同點(diǎn)：①havesth.done＝getsth.done讓別人做某事；②havesb./sth.doingsth.讓……一直做某事；getsth./sb.doingsth.使……開始做某事；③havesb.dosth.＝getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在開車進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車。5.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：①with＋賓語＋doing表示主動，說明動作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；②with＋賓語＋done表示被動或完成；③with＋賓語＋todo表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn’tseemlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.離截止日期還有這么短的時(shí)間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作。Withalotofworktodo,sheisn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室?？键c(diǎn)特訓(xùn)1.[2022廣東廣州天河區(qū)綜合測試三]Ididn’tknowhowlongIstayedinmysister’sroom,butinnotimeIheardmymotherhurrying（hurry）intothekitchen.2.[2022河北邯鄲高三摸底]Incitiesandruralareas,youcanseelanternsdecorating（decorate）streetlights,publicbuildingsandshops.3.[2022湖南衡陽八中高三月考]Millionsofpupilshavebeenforcedtoswitch（switch）toremotelearning,accordingtoQustodiosoftware,whichtracksusageofdevicesbychildrenaged4to15intheUK,theUSandSpain.4.[2022山東濰坊高三統(tǒng)考]Hehadtheotherboxestorn（tear）openandgotfiftytwoOscars,allinperfectcondition.Heimmediatelycalledthepolice.5.[2022河北衡水中學(xué)高三二調(diào)]Thenewtechnologycouldenablemorepeopletoaccess（access）theculturalrelicsdespitethedistance.6.[2022廣東惠州高三調(diào)研]Unliketextsandvideos,esportsisunderstandablearoundtheworld,withthebarriersoflanguagebroken（break）down.考點(diǎn)五非謂語動詞作主語和表語1.不定式作主語和表語（1）不定式作主語時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顧好老人是我們的責(zé)任。（2）不定式作表語時(shí)，表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動作；當(dāng)主語是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語；主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis（to）improvemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。（不定式作表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式，作表語的不定式常省略to。）2.動名詞作主語和表語（1）動名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動作。也可用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末。常用動名詞作真正主語的句型有：It’sawasteoftimedoing...、It’snouse/gooddoing...、Itisuselessdoing...。TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。It’snousejustplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒用的。（2）動名詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek.（＝Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob.）我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。3.分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語所具有的特征；過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Theresultoftheexperimentisencouraging.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果是鼓舞人心的。Hisjobwasgone.他的工作丟了?？键c(diǎn)特訓(xùn)1.[2022山東二輪模擬]Soliving（live）ahappylifewithalightheartisthemostimportant.2.[2022江蘇鹽城、南京一模]Travel（l）ing（travel）toJiangsu’sruralvillages,manyofwhichlooklikebeautifulpostcardscenes,mightbetotallydifferentfromwhatyouhaveimagined.3.[2022福建莆田質(zhì)檢]Thereportsaysitwillbedifficulttoincrease（increase）people’sleisuretimeinthefutureduetothelargeamountoftimetheyspendworkingandlookingafterchildren.4.[2022福建連城一中高三模擬]Youcanimaginehowsurprised（surprise）andexcitedIwasatthatmoment!5.[2021全國乙改編]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducated（educate）abouttheareas.〔技巧點(diǎn)撥〕典例1Tokeep（keep）warmatnight,IwouldfillthewoodstoveandthensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.典例2Hewasbusywritingastory，onlystopping（stop）onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.典例3Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatpany，thoughrelativelysmall，ispleasanttodeal（deal）with.〔分層特訓(xùn)〕Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.[2022廣東廣州六中高三期末]Dietsareuselessinthelongterm,yetapproximately20%ofteenagerssaytheyhavetriedtocontroltheirweightbygoingonadietandskipping（skip）meals.2.[2022湖北四校模擬聯(lián)考]Peoplewouldworshipthesea,praying（pray）foragoodharvestandasafevoyagefortheirlovedones.3.[2022河北衡水中學(xué)押題卷]Intheprocess,mostofthedecisionshavealreadybeenmadeforyou,enabling（enable）youtoconcentrateonthedetailswhiletakingyourmindawayfromvariousanxietiesofyourlifeoutsidethekitchen.4.[2022江蘇泰州四調(diào)]Desertificationisaseriousproblemfacing（face）numerouscountriesintheworld.5.[2022遼寧沈陽高三教學(xué)質(zhì)檢]Inthisway,wehadenergystored（store）forwhentherewasnofood.6.[2020全國Ⅱ]Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecorated（decorate）withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.7.[2020浙江7月]Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnologytochange（change）lives.8.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listening（listen）tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.9.Nervouslyfacing（face）challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.EarthDay,marked（mark）onApril22,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Ⅱ.語法填空[2022山東師大附中高三考前打靶]ASocialdistancingduringthepandemichasforcedeveryparenttogetmorecreativewhenitestokeepingtheirkidsentertained.Notonlyhaveparentsbeentryingtofindwaysfortheirkids1tofill（fill）theirdayswithoutinteractionswithothersiblings（兄弟姐妹）orpeers,butthey’vebeenworryingabout2howstayingaloneisaffectingthem.Tohelp,expertsandfellowparentshaveoffered3choices（choose）onhowtonavigatekids’lifehomealone.Forkidsaged4between10and12,cookingpetitionswithfamilymembersarefun.Havingonlineartclasses5is（be）alsopopular.Forteenagers,somehavelearnedhowtouseasewingmachineandmadeacoupleofprojects;someareworkingonasocialstudiesprojectwhichinvolves6constructing（construct）afamilytreeincludingresearchingrelativesaliveinthe1800s.ThereisalsosomeonelikeVihasettingupasimpleonepageweb