高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀每日練習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案15（適合基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)生）

閱讀理解每日練15Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeysbined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreen,theywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachbination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays."Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone."1.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.2.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.3.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.單詞梳理Para11.monkeyn.猴子2.seemtodosth好像做某事3.haveawaywithsb/sth善于應(yīng)付某人或某事Para24.ateamof一隊(duì)5.researchern.研究者6.trainv.訓(xùn)練7.associatev.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系8.differentadj.不同的9.symboln.符號(hào)10.consistof由…組成11.selectiveadj.精挑細(xì)選的12.lettern.字母13.dropn.滴14.as作為15.rewardn.獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)16.researchern.研究者17.testv.測(cè)試18binev.結(jié)合19.addv.添加20.symboln.符號(hào)21.rewardn.獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)Para322.HarvardMedicalSchool哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院23.scientistn.科學(xué)家24.leadledv.帶領(lǐng)25.teamn.團(tuán)隊(duì)26.describev.描述27.experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn)28.cagen.籠子29.sbbeprovidedwithsth某人被提供某物30.touchv.觸摸31.screenn.屏幕32.partn.部分33.screenn.屏幕34.symboln.符號(hào)35.appearv.出現(xiàn)36.otheradj.另一個(gè)37.siden.一邊，一側(cè)38.symboln.符號(hào)39.inside在里面40.circlen.圓圈41.showshowedshownv.展示42.flashv.顯示，閃耀43.touchv.觸摸44.leftadj.左邊45.siden.一邊，一側(cè)46.screenn.屏幕47.sbberewardedwithsth某人被獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了某物48.sevendropsofwater七滴水49.circlen.圓圈50.thesumof…的總數(shù)51.examplen.例子Para452.runv.操作53.hundredsof數(shù)百的54.testn.測(cè)試55.researchern.研究者56.notev.注意到57.monkeyn.猴子58.higheradj.更高的59.valuen.數(shù)值60.morethan多于，不僅僅61.halfn.一半62.indicatev.表明，暗示63.performv.執(zhí)行64.calculationn.計(jì)算65.memorizev.記住66.valuen.數(shù)值67binationn.組合Para568.teamn.團(tuán)隊(duì)69.examinev.檢查70.resultn.結(jié)果71.experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn)72.closelyadv.細(xì)致地73.noticev.注意到74.monkeyn.猴子75.tendtodosth傾向于做某事76.estimatev.估算77.underestimatev.低估78.sumn.總和79pareAwithB拿A和B比較80.singleadj.單個(gè)的81.symboln.符號(hào)82.closeadj.接近83.invalue在數(shù)值上84.choosing有選擇性的85.over高于86.thesumof…的總和87.underestimationn低估88.systematicadj.成體系的，系統(tǒng)的89.addv.加90.payattentionto注意91.largeradj.更大的92.ofthetwo兩者之間的93.addAtoB把A加到B上Para694.indicatev.表明，暗示95.certainadj.某個(gè)96.wayn.方式，方法97.quantityn.數(shù)量98.representv.展現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)，代表99.brainn.大腦100.experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn)101.payattentionto注意102.littleadj.小的題目103.researchern.研究者104.before在…之前105.testn/v.測(cè)試106.feedfedv.飼喂107.namev.命名108.trainv.訓(xùn)練109.measurev.測(cè)量110.rewardn.獎(jiǎng)品111.experimentn.實(shí)驗(yàn)112.drawv.畫畫113.circlen.圓圈114.touchv.觸摸115.screenn.屏幕116.watchv.觀看117.videon.視頻118.mixv.混合119.drinkn.飲料120.performv.執(zhí)行121.basicadj.基礎(chǔ)的122.additionn.加法123.understandv.理解124.simpleadj.簡(jiǎn)單的125.wordn.單詞126.memorizev.記憶127.easilyadv.簡(jiǎn)單地128.holdone'sattention集中注意力129.forlong很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間130.sectionn.部分131.appearv.出現(xiàn)132.entertainmentn.娛樂133.healthn.健康134.educationn.教育135.sciencen.科學(xué)三.重點(diǎn)句子1.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols(consist)ofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.考點(diǎn)：譯：2.Theresearchersthentestedthemonkeysbined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.考點(diǎn)：譯：3.Here'sHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,ledtheteam,(describe)theexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedtouchscreens.考點(diǎn)1：考點(diǎn)2：考點(diǎn)3：考點(diǎn)4：譯：4.After(run)hundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,(indicate)thattheywereperformingacalculation,notjust(memorize)thevalueofeachbination.考點(diǎn)1：考點(diǎn)2：考點(diǎn)3：譯：5.Whentheteam(examine)theresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystended(underestimate)asumparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.考點(diǎn)1：考點(diǎn)2：譯：6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:When(add)twonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.考點(diǎn)：譯：7.Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays."Butinthisexperimentthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone."考點(diǎn)1：考點(diǎn)2：譯：四.仿寫1.給我印象最深的是，我們的老師總是營造一種我們可以自由交流的課堂氛圍。2.讓我擔(dān)心的是兩周后即將舉行的期末考試，所以我必須為它做準(zhǔn)備。3.我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們中的每一個(gè)人都應(yīng)該更多地傾聽他人。4.真正要緊的是你是否能全神貫注于你的功課。5.當(dāng)看到奶奶蒼白的臉和滿頭的白發(fā)，我的眼淚快掉下來了。答案一.譯文猴子似乎對(duì)數(shù)字很有一套。一組研究人員培訓(xùn)了三只恒河猴去處理26個(gè)明顯不同的符號(hào)。這些符號(hào)由數(shù)字和精挑細(xì)選的字母組成，并且將025滴水或果汁作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。然后研究人員測(cè)試了猴子是如何組合或添加這些符號(hào)以獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家MargaretLivingstone，也是這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，是這樣描述這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的：在它們的籠子里，給猴子們提供了觸摸屏。在一部分屏幕上，將出現(xiàn)一個(gè)符號(hào)，而在另一側(cè)則顯示兩個(gè)符號(hào)在一個(gè)圓圈里。例如，數(shù)字7將在屏幕的一側(cè)出現(xiàn)，另一端是數(shù)字9和8。如果猴子觸摸屏幕的左側(cè)，它們將獲得七滴水或果汁；如果他們選了圓圈，那么在這個(gè)例子中，它們將獲得數(shù)字的總和——17。在進(jìn)行了數(shù)百次測(cè)試后，研究人員注意到：猴子會(huì)在一半以上的時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得更高的數(shù)值。這表明它們正在進(jìn)行計(jì)算，而不僅僅是記住每種組合的數(shù)值。當(dāng)團(tuán)隊(duì)更仔細(xì)地檢查實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果時(shí)，他們注意到，當(dāng)兩個(gè)符號(hào)的數(shù)值接近時(shí)，與單個(gè)符號(hào)相比，猴子們往往會(huì)低估總和。這種情況是有選擇性的。例如，它們認(rèn)為13高于8和6的總和。這種低估是有系統(tǒng)的：當(dāng)兩個(gè)數(shù)字相加時(shí)，猴子總是注意兩者中較大的一個(gè)，然后只加上較小數(shù)字的一小部分。“這表明它們的大腦中有一種表示數(shù)量的方式，”Livingstone博士說。“但在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，它們正在做的是更多地關(guān)注大數(shù)字而不是小數(shù)字?！?.研究人員在測(cè)試猴子之前對(duì)它們做了什么？A.他們飼喂了它們B.他們給它們起了名字。C.他們訓(xùn)練了它們。D.他們測(cè)量了它們。2.猴子在實(shí)驗(yàn)中是如何得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的？A.通過畫一個(gè)圓。B.通過觸摸屏幕。C.通過觀看視頻。D.通過混合兩種飲料。3.Livingstone的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)猴子有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？A.它們可以做基本的加法。B.它們能懂簡(jiǎn)單的單詞。C.它們很容易記性數(shù)字。D.它們可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地保持它們的注意力，4.這段文字可以出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的哪一部分？A.娛樂B.健康C.教育D.科學(xué)二.答案和解析1.C細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkey可知，研究人員在測(cè)試猴子之前對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了訓(xùn)練。故正確答案為C。2.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句中Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreen,theywouldberewarded可知，在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，猴子是通過觸摸屏幕(touchascreen)的方式以獲得相應(yīng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。A項(xiàng)，“通過畫圓”；C項(xiàng)，“通過觀看視頻”；D項(xiàng)，“通過混合兩種飲料”，均不符合文意。故正確答案為B。3.A細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中rewardedwiththesumofthenumbers和第四段第一句中indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation可知，猴子們可以做簡(jiǎn)單的加法運(yùn)算。故正確答案為A。4.D推斷題。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)三只猴子進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。如果這篇文章刊登在報(bào)紙上，最有可能被放在科學(xué)(Science)版塊。A項(xiàng)，“娛樂”，B項(xiàng)，“健康”，C項(xiàng)，“教育”，均不符合題意，故A、B、C項(xiàng)均錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案為D。單詞梳理Para11.monkey2.seemtodosth3.haveawaywithsb/sthPara24.ateamof5.researcher6.train7.associate8.different9.symbol10.consistof11.selective12.letter13.drop14.as15.reward16.researcher17.test18bine19.add20.symbol21.rewardPara322.HarvardMedicalSchool23.scientist24.leadled25.team26.describe27.experiment28.cage29.sbbeprovidedwithsth30.touch31.screen32.part33.screen34.symbol35.appear36.other37.side38.symbol39.inside40.circle41.showshowedshown42.flash43.touch44.left45.side46.screen47.sbberewardedwithsth48.sevendropsofwater49.circle50.thesumof51.examplePara452.run53.hundredsof54.test55.researcher56.note57.monkey58.higher59.value60.morethan61.half62.indicate63.perform64.calculation65.memorize66.value67binationPara568.team69.examine70.result71.experiment72.closely73.notice74.monkey75.tendtodosth76.estimate77.underestimate78.sum79pareAwithB80.single81.symbol82.close