全新大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜一冊(cè)備課筆記

第頁(yè)全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit1GrowingUp

PartIPre-readingTask

Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:

1.DoyouknowwhoJohnLennonwas

2.Haveyoueverheardthesongbefore

3.WhatdoesLennonthinkofgrowingupIsiteasyorfullofadventures

4.Canyouguesswhatthetextsinthisunitaregoingtobeabout

Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:

monstern.怪物prayern.祈禱

PartII

TextA

Whenwearewritingweareoftentoldtokeepourreadersinmind,toshapewhatwesaytofittheirtastesandinterests.Butthereisonereaderinparticularwhoshouldnotbeforgotten.CanyouguesswhoRussellBakersurprisedhimselfandeveryoneelsewhenhediscoveredtheanswer.WRITINGFORMYSELF

RussellBaker

TheideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsincemychildhoodinBelleville,butitwasn'tuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.UntilthenI'dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.IfoundEnglishgrammardullanddifficult.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.

WhenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglishIanticipatedanothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects.Mr.Fleaglehadareputationamongstudentsfordullnessandinabilitytoinspire.Hewassaidtobeveryformal,rigidandhopelesslyoutofdate.Tomehelookedtobesixtyorseventyandexcessivelyprim.Heworeprimlysevereeyeglasses,hiswavyhairwasprimlycutandprimlycombed.Heworeprimsuitswithnecktiessetprimlyagainstthecollarbuttonsofhiswhiteshirts.Hehadaprimlypointedjaw,aprimlystraightnose,andaprimmannerofspeakingthatwassocorrect,sogentlemanly,thatheseemedacomicantique.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.Lateintheyearwetackledtheinformalessay.Mr.Fleagledistributedahomeworksheetofferingusachoiceoftopics.Nonewasquitesosimple-mindedas"WhatIDidonMySummerVacation,"butmostseemedtobealmostasdull.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.Thetopiconwhichmyeyestoppedwas"TheArtofEatingSpaghetti."

Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasstillalittleknownforeigndishinthosedays.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.AllthegoodhumorofUncleAllen'shousereawokeinmymindasIrecalledthelaughingargumentswehadthatnightaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.

SuddenlyIwantedtowriteaboutthat,aboutthewarmthandgoodfeelingofit,butIwantedtoputitdownsimplyformyownjoy,notforMr.Fleagle.ItwasamomentIwantedtorecaptureandholdformyself.Iwantedtorelivethepleasureofthatevening.TowriteitasIwanted,however,wouldviolatealltherulesofformalcompositionI'dlearnedinschool,andMr.Fleaglewouldsurelygiveitafailinggrade.Nevermind.IwouldwritesomethingelseforMr.FleagleafterIhadwrittenthisthingformyself.

WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasnotimelefttocomposeaproper,respectableessayforMr.Fleagle.TherewasnochoicenextmorningbuttoturninmytaleoftheBellevillesupper.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthegradedpapers,andhereturnedeveryone'sbutmine.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass'sattention.

"Now,boys,"hesaid."Iwanttoreadyouanessay.Thisistitled,'TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.'"Andhestartedtoread.Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsoutloudtotheentireclass.What'smore,theentireclasswaslistening.Listeningattentively.Thensomebodylaughed,thentheentireclasswaslaughing,andnotincontemptandridicule,butwithopen-heartedenjoyment.EvenMr.Fleaglestoppedtwoorthreetimestoholdbackasmallprimsmile.

Ididmybesttoavoidshowingpleasure,butwhatIwasfeelingwaspuredelightatthisdemonstrationthatmywordshadthepowertomakepeoplelaugh.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.Itwasthehappiestmomentofmyentireschoolcareer.WhenMr.Fleaglefinishedheputthefinalsealonmyhappinessbysaying,"Nowthat,boys,isanessay,don'tyousee.It's—don'tyousee—it'softheveryessenceoftheessay,don'tyousee.Congratulations,Mr.Baker."

(797words)

NewWordsandExpressions

offandon

fromtimetotime;sometimes斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地；有時(shí)

possibilityn.可能（性）

takeholdbecomeestablished生根，確立

borevt.make(sb.)becometiredandloseinterest使（人）厭煩

associatevt.joinorconnecttogether;bringinthemind使聯(lián)系起來(lái)；使聯(lián)想

assignment

n.apieceofworkthatisgiventoaparticularperson（安排的）工作，任務(wù)，作業(yè)

turnoutproduce編寫(xiě)；生產(chǎn)，制造

agony:n.verygreatpainorsufferingofmindorbody（身心的）極度苦痛

assign:vt.giveasashareorduty安排，分派

anticipate:vt.expect預(yù)期，期望

tedious:a.boringandlastingforalongtime乏味的；冗長(zhǎng)的

reputation:n.名聲；名譽(yù)

inability:n.lackofpower,skillorability無(wú)能，無(wú)力

inspire:vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.激勵(lì)，鼓舞

formal:a.(too)seriousandcarefulinmannerandbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules刻板的，拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；正式的，正?guī)的

rigida.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior,viewsormethods;strict一成不變的；嚴(yán)格的

hopelesslyad.verymuch;withouthope特別，極度；無(wú)望地

excessivelyad.過(guò)分地

outofdateold-fashioned過(guò)時(shí)的

prim

a.(usu.disapproving)(ofaperson)tooformalorcorrectinbehaviorandshowingadislikeofanythingrude;neat古板的，拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；循?guī)蹈矩的；整齊的primlyad.

severe:a.completelyplain;causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.樸實(shí)的；嚴(yán)峻的，猛烈的

necktien.tie領(lǐng)帶

jawn.頜，顎

comic▲a.滑稽的；喜劇的n.連環(huán)漫畫(huà)（冊(cè)）

antiquen.古物，古玩

tacklevt.trytodealwith處理，應(yīng)付

essayn.散文，小品文；論說(shuō)文

distributevt.divideandgiveoutamongpeople,places,etc.分發(fā)，安排，分送

finallyad.atlast最終，最終

faceupto:bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith英勇地接受或應(yīng)付

scanv.lookthroughquickly閱讀，粗略地看

spaghettin.意大利式細(xì)面條

titlen.anamegiventoabook,film,etc.標(biāo)題，題目vt.giveanameto給…加標(biāo)題，加題目于

extraordinarya.veryunusualorstrange不同尋常的；奇妙的

sequencen.一連串相關(guān)的事物；次序，順序

imagen.apictureformedinthemind形象；印象；（圖）像

adultn.afullygrownpersonoranimal成年人；成年動(dòng)物

humorn.心情；幽默，詼諧

recallvt.bringbacktothemind;remember回想起，回憶起

argumentn.論據(jù)，論點(diǎn)；爭(zhēng)辯

respectablea.(ofbehavior,appearance,etc.)sociallyacceptable可敬的；風(fēng)光 的；文靜的

putdownwritedown寫(xiě)下

recapturevt.(lit)bringbackintothemind;experienceagain再現(xiàn)；再次經(jīng)驗(yàn)

relivevt.experienceagain,esp.inone'simagination再體驗(yàn)，重溫

violatevt.actagainst違反，違反

composevt.writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.)創(chuàng)作

turninhandin(workthatonehasdone)交（作業(yè)）

commandn.,v.命令，指令

disciplinen.punishment;orderkept(amongschool-children,soldiers,etc.)懲處，處分；紀(jì)律

what'smoreinaddition,moreimportantly而且，此外；更有甚者

contempt▲n.輕視，輕視

ridiculen.makingorbeingmadefunof訕笑，嘲弄；被戲弄

open-hearteda.sincere,frank真誠(chéng)的

holdbackpreventtheexpressionof(feelings,tears,etc.)限制（感情,眼淚等）

avoidvt.keeporgetawayfrom避開(kāi)

demonstrationn.actofshowingorprovingsth.表明；證明

careern.生涯，事業(yè)；職業(yè)

sealn.印，圖章

essence▲n.themostimportantqualityofathing本質(zhì)；精髓

congratulationn.(usu.pl)expressionofjoyforsb.'ssuccess,luck,etc.慶賀，恭喜LegallyBlonde-Alegaleducationmeansyouwilllearntospeakinanewlanguage.Youwillbetaughttoachieveinsightintotheworldaroundyouandtosharplyquestionwhatyouknow.Theseatyouhavepickedwillbeyoursforthenextninemonthsofyourlife.Andthoseofyouinthefrontrowbeware."Thelawisreasonfreefrompassion".DoesanyoneknowwhospokethiseimmortalwordsYes

-Aristotle.

-Areyousure

-Yes.

-Wouldyoubewillingtostakeyourlifeonit

-Ithinkso.

-Whatabouthislife

-Idon'tknow.

-Well,Irecommendknowingbeforespeaking.Thelawleavesmuchroomforinterpretationbutverylittleforself-doubt.Andyouwereright.ItwasAristotle.

-Goodjob.

-Now,Iassumeallofyouhavereadpages1-48andarenowwell-versedinsubjectmatterjurisdiction.WhocantelluseaboutGordonvs.SteeleLet'scallonsomeonefromthehotzone.ElleWoods

-Actually,Iwasn'tawarethatwehadanassignment.

-VivianKensington.Doyouthinkit'sacceptablethatMs.Woodsisnotprepared

-No,Idon't.

-Wouldyousupportmydecisiontoaskhertoleaveclassandtoreturnonlywhensheisprepared

-Absolutely.

-Now,Ms.Kensington,diddiversityjurisdictionexistinthiscase

-No,itdidnot.

-Good.HowaboutinthecaseofOwensvs.McCullogh

-Ican'tbelievethatgirl.Sostupid.Whodoesshethinksheis

-Excuseme.AreyouOK

-Dotheyputyouonthespotlikethatallthetime

-TheprofessorsTheytendtodothat.Socraticmethod.

-Ifyoudon'tknowtheanswers,theyjustkickyouout

-YouhaveStromwell,huh

-Yes!Didshedothattoyou,too

-No.Butshedidmakemecryonce.Notinclass.IwaitedtillIgotbacktomyroombutshe'llkickyourightintheball.Orwherever,youknow.She'stough.She'sreallytough.

-Great.

-Don'tworry,itgetsbetter.Whoelsedoyouhave

-IhaveCallahan,RoyaltonandLevinthal.

-Let'ssee,speakupinCallahan'sclass.Hereallylikespeoplethatareopinionated.AndinRoyalton'sclasstrytogetaseatintheback.Hespitswhenhetalksaboutproductsliability.AndforLevinthal,makesureyoureadthefootnotes.That'swherehegetsalotofhisexamquestions.

-Right.Wow.I'mreallygladImetyou.Unit2Friendship

PartIPre-readingTask

Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:

1.HaveyoueverheardofDionneWarwickHaveyouhappenedtohearhersing

2.Whatdoesafairweatherfriendmean

3.WhatdoesDionneWarwickthinkfriendsarefor

4.Doesthesonggiveyouanyideaofwhatthestoriesinthisunitwillbeabout

PartII

TextA

HowdoyoufeelwhenoldfriendsarefarawayDoyoumakeanefforttokeepintouchSometimesitiseasytoputoffwritingaletter,thinkingthattherewillbeplentyoftimetomorrow.Butthensometimes,asthisstoryshows,weleaveittoolate.Perhapsreadingitwillmakeyouwanttoreachforyourpen.

ALLTHECABBIEHADWASALETTER

FosterFurcolo

HemusthavebeencompletelylostinsomethinghewasreadingbecauseIhadtotaponthewindshieldtogethisattention.

"Isyourcabavailable"Iaskedwhenhefinallylookedupatme.Henodded,thensaidapologeticallyasIsettledintothebackseat,"I'msorry,butIwasreadingaletter."Hesoundedasifhehadacoldorsomething.

"I'minnohurry,"Itoldhim."Goaheadandfinishyourletter."

Heshookhishead."I'vereaditseveraltimesalready.IguessIalmostknowitbyheart."

"Lettersfromhomealwaysmeanalot,"Isaid."AtleasttheydowithmebecauseI'montheroadsomuch."Then,estimatingthathewas60or70yearsold,Iguessed:"Fromachildormaybeagrandchild"

"Thisisn'tfamily,"hereplied."Although,"hewenton,"cometothinkofit",itmightjustaswellhavebeenfamily.OldEdwasmyoldestfriend.Infact,weusedtocalleachother'OldFriend'—whenwe'dmeet,thatis.I'mnotmuchofahandatwriting."

"Idon'tthinkanyofuskeepupourcorrespondencetoowell,"Isaid."IknowIdon't.ButItakeithe'ssomeoneyou'veknownquiteawhile"

"Allmylife,practically.Wewerekidstogether,sowegowayback."

"Wenttoschooltogether"

"Allthewaythroughhighschool.Wewereinthesameclass,infact,throughbothgradeandhighschool."

"Therearenottoomanypeoplewho'vehadsuchalongfriendship,"Isaid.

"Actually,"thedriverwenton,"Ihadn'tseenhimmorethanonceortwiceayearoverthepast25or30yearsbecauseImovedawayfromtheoldneighborhoodandyoukindoflosetoucheventhoughyouneverforget.Hewasagreatguy."

"Yousaid'was'.Doesthatmean—"

Henodded."Diedacoupleofweeksago."

"I'msorry,"Isaid."It'snofuntoloseanyfriend—andlosingarealoldoneiseventougher."

Hedidn'treplytothat,andwerodeoninsilenceforafewminutes.ButIrealizedthatOldEdwasstillonhismindwhenhespokeagain,almostmoretohimselfthantome:"Ishouldhavekeptintouch.Yes,"herepeated,"Ishouldhavekeptintouch."

"Well,"Iagreed,"weshouldallkeepintouchwitholdfriendsmorethanwedo.Butthingscomeupandwejustdon'tseemtofindthetime."

Heshrugged."Weusedtofindthetime,"hesaid."That'sevenmentionedintheletter."Hehandeditovertome."Takealook."

"Thanks,"Isaid,"butIdon'twanttoreadyourmail.That'sprettypersonal."

Thedrivershrugged."OldEd'sdead.There'snothingpersonalnow.Goahead,"heurgedme.

Theletterwaswritteninpencil.Itbeganwiththegreeting"OldFriend,"andthefirstsentenceremindedmeofmyself.I'vebeenmeaningtowriteforsometime,butI'vealwayspostponedit.Itthenwentontosaythatheoftenthoughtaboutthegoodtimestheyhadhadtogetherwhentheybothlivedinthesameneighborhood.Ithadreferencestothingsthatprobablymeantsomethingtothedriver,suchasthetimeTimSheabrokethewindow,theHalloweenthatwetiedOldMr.Parker'sgate,andwhenMrs.Culverusedtokeepusafterschool.

"Youmusthavespentalotoftimetogether,"Isaidtohim.

"Likeitsaysthere,"heanswered,"aboutallwehadtospendinthosedayswastime."Heshookhishead:"Time."

Ithoughtthenextparagraphoftheletterwasalittlesad:Ibegantheletterwith"OldFriend"becausethat'swhatwe'vebecomeovertheyears—oldfriends.Andtherearen'tmanyofusleft.

"Youknow,"Isaidtohim,"whenitsaysherethattherearen'tmanyofusleft,that'sabsolutelyright.EverytimeIgotoaclassreunion,forexample,therearefewerandfewerstillaround."

"Timegoesby,"thedriversaid.

"Didyoutwoworkatthesameplace"Iaskedhim.

"No,butwehungoutonthesamecornerwhenweweresingle.Andthen,whenweweremarried,weusedtogotoeachother'shouseeverynowandthen.Butforthelast20or30yearsit'sbeenmostlyjustChristmascards.Ofcoursethere'dbealwaysanotewe'deachaddtothecards—usuallysomenewsaboutourfamilies,youknow,whatthekidsweredoing,whomovedwhere,anewgrandchild,thingslikethat—butneverarealletteroranythinglikethat."

"Thisisagoodparthere,"Isaid."WhereitsaysYourfriendshipovertheyearshasmeantanawfullottome,morethanIcansaybecauseI'mnotgoodatsayingthingslikethat."Ifoundmyselfnoddinginagreement."Thatmusthavemadeyoufeelgood,didn'tit"

ThedriversaidsomethingthatIcouldn'tunderstandbecauseheseemedtobeallchokedup,soIcontinued:"IknowI'dliketoreceivealetterlikethatfrommyoldestfriend."

WeweregettingclosetoourdestinationsoIskippedtothelastparagraph.SoIthoughtyou'dliketoknowthatIwasthinkingofyou.Anditwassigned，YourOldFriend,Tom.

Ihandedbacktheletteraswestoppedatmyhotel."Enjoyedtalkingwithyou,"IsaidasItookmysuitcaseoutofthecab.TomTheletterwassignedTom

"Ithoughtyourfriend'snamewasEd,"Isaid."WhydidhesignitTom"

"TheletterwasnotfromEdtome,"heexplained."I'mTom.It'saletterIwrotetohimbeforeIknewhe'ddied.SoInevermailedit."

Helookedsortofsorrowful,orasifheweretryingtoseesomethinginthedistance."IguessIshouldhavewrittenitsooner."

WhenIgottomyhotelroomIdidn'tunpackrightaway.FirstIhadtowritealetter—andmailit.

(1093words)

NewWordsandExpressions

cabbien.(infml)ataxidriver

belostin/loseoneselfin:beabsorbedin,befullyoccupiedwith用心致志于

windshield:n.(AmE)theglasswindowinthefrontofacar,truck,etc.（汽車(chē)的）擋風(fēng)玻璃

cabn.ataxi出租車(chē)

availablea.abletobeused,hadorreached可用的；可得到的

apologetically

ad.showingorsayingthatoneissorryforsomefaultorwrong致歉地，帶著歉意地

orsomething

(infml)(usedwhenyouarenotverysureaboutwhatyouhavejustsaid)諸如此類的事

goaheadcontinue;begin

know/learnbyheart:memorize,rememberexactly記住，能背出

estimatevt.formajudgementabout估計(jì)

might/may(just)aswell不妨，（也）無(wú)妨

notmuchofa:notagood不太好的

keepup:continuewithoutstopping保持

correspondencen.theactofwriting,receivingorsendingletters;letters通信（聯(lián)系）；信件

practically:ad.almost

kid:n.(infml)achild

alltheway自始至終，始終

neighborhoodn.鄰居；四鄰

kind/sortof:(infml)alittlebit,insomewayordegree有幾分，有點(diǎn)兒

losetouch失去聯(lián)系

acoupleof幾個(gè)；一對(duì)，一雙

guyn.家伙；伙計(jì)

tougha.(infml)unfortunate;difficult;strong不幸的；困難的；堅(jiān)實(shí)的；堅(jiān)毅的

onone'smind掛記在心頭

keepintouch(with)（及…）保持聯(lián)系，保持接觸

comeup:happen,occur,esp.unexpectedly（尤指意想不到地）發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)

shrugv.lift(theshoulders)slightly聳（肩）

urgev.tryveryhardtopersuade力勸，督促

postponevt.delay推遲，使延期

referencen.提及，談到；參考，查閱

absolutelyad.completely完全地，極其absolutea.

reunion▲n.（家人,朋友,同事等久別后的）重聚

goby:(oftime)pass（時(shí)間）逝去

hangout(infml)stayinornearaplace,notdoingverymuch閑蕩；徘徊

everynowandthen:sometimes,attimes

mostlyad.almostall;generally幾乎全部；多半，大體

awfula.(infml)(usedtoaddforce)verygreat;verybadorunpleasant特別的，極大的；可怕的，糟糕的

chokev.（使）窒息，堵塞

chokeup:becometooupsettospeak（因激烈等）哽得說(shuō)不出話；堵塞

destinationn.目的地

skip▲v.略過(guò)，跳過(guò)；跳動(dòng)

sorrowfula.showingorcausingsadness難過(guò)的，凄慘的sorrown.

inthedistance:faraway

unpackv.takeout(things)from(asuitcase,etc.)打開(kāi)

rightaway:atonce

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit3Unit3UnderstandingScience

PartIPre-readingTask

Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:

1.Whoisitabout

2.Whatquestionsinteresthim

3.Whatmakeshisachievementssoremarkable

Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:

universen.宇宙

musclen.肌肉

engagev.及…訂婚

PartII

TextA

ProfessorHawkingthinksitimportanttokeepeverybodyintouchwithwhatscienceisabout.Inthisarticleheexplainswhy.

PUBLICATTITUDESTOWARDSCIENCE

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodernmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Anyway,evenifonewantedto,onecouldn'tputtheclockbacktoanearlierage.Knowledgeandtechniquescan'tjustbeforgotten.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.Evenifallgovernmentmoneyforresearchwerecutoff(andthepresentgovernmentisdoingitsbest),theforceofcompetitionwouldstillbringaboutadvancesintechnology.Moreover,onecannotstopinquiringmindsfromthinkingaboutbasicscience,whetherornottheyarepaidforit.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn'tsucceed.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience,sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn'tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineeringClearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein'sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringandcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments,buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammesonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammesshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

Theworldtodayisfilledwithdangers,hencethesickjokethatthereasonwehavenotbeencontactedbyanaliencivilizationisthatcivilizationstendtodestroythemselveswhentheyreachourstage.ButIhavesufficientfaithinthegoodsenseofthepublictobelievethatwemightprovethiswrong.

(812words)

NewWordsandExpressions

attituden.看法；看法

likelya.probable可能的ad.probably可能

privilegeda.havingaspecialadvantage有特權(quán)的

privilegen.特權(quán)

minorityn.少數(shù)

dowithout沒(méi)有…而設(shè)法應(yīng)付過(guò)去

highlyad.very很，特別

riskya.fullofdanger;fullofthepossibilityoffailure,loss,etc.危險(xiǎn)的；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的

nastya.veryunpleasant令人難過(guò)的

brutisha.野獸般的，野蠻的

anywayad.(usedtochangethesubjectofaconversationortosupportanideaorargument)anyhow不管怎么說(shuō)

put/turntheclockback倒退，開(kāi)倒車(chē)

cutoff:stopproviding(sth.);remove(sth.)bycutting切斷，中斷；切下，剪下

competitionn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；競(jìng)賽

bringabout:make(sth.)happen引起，導(dǎo)致

technologyn.技術(shù)

moreoverad.而且，再者

inquiringa.showinganinterestinknowingaboutthings好問(wèn)的，愛(ài)探究的

inquirev.詢問(wèn)

globala.worldwide,ofthewholeearth世界的，全球的

suppress▲vt.keepfromappearing抑制；壓制

initiativen.首創(chuàng)精神；主動(dòng)

inventivenessn.獨(dú)創(chuàng)才能，創(chuàng)建力

slowdown:makeslower減慢

raten.速度；比率

ensurevt.makesure保證，確保

democratica.民主的

informeda.有知識(shí)的，了解狀況的；明智的

informvt.告知，通知

expertn.專家

atthemoment:now此刻，目前

intwominds遲疑不決；三心二意

steadya.constant;firm平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)定的

evidenta.clear,obvious明顯的

cartoonn.漫畫(huà)；動(dòng)畫(huà)片

elementn.成分；元素

astronomy▲n.天文學(xué)

audiencen.觀眾；聽(tīng)眾；讀者

seriesn.連續(xù)；系列；系列節(jié)目

fictionn.小說(shuō)；虛構(gòu)

harnessvt.controlandmakeuseof駕馭；利用

backgroundn.背景

acida.,n.酸（性的）；酸味的（物質(zhì)）

greenhousen.溫室

nucleara.原子核的；核心的

weaponn.武器

genetic▲a.基因的；遺傳（學(xué)）的

engineeringn.工程；工程學(xué)

basisn.基礎(chǔ)

liein:existorbefoundin在于

roten.死記硬背

learnbyrote死記硬背地學(xué)習(xí)

relevancen.相關(guān)，關(guān)聯(lián)

intermsof從…方面（或角度）來(lái)說(shuō)；依據(jù)，依據(jù)

equationn.等式，方程（式）

briefa.short;quick簡(jiǎn)潔的；短暫的

accuratea.exact精確的，精確的

mathematicala.數(shù)學(xué)的

halvevt.將…減半

tendvi.belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect傾向，趨向

intheformof:havingtheshapeof;existinginaparticularform呈…的形態(tài)；以…形式

precisea.exact精確的

qualitativea.定性的；性質(zhì)上的

graspn.understanding駕馭，了解

conceptn.概念

sufficienta.asmuchasisneeded,enough充分的，足夠的

conveyvt.make(ideas,feelings,etc.)knowntoanother傳達(dá)；表達(dá)

diagramn.圖表；圖解

frameworkn.框架；結(jié)構(gòu)

moleculara.分子的

biologyn.生物學(xué)

transistorn.晶體管；晶體管收音機(jī)

putacross:causetobeunderstood說(shuō)明清晰，使被理解

proportionn.比例；部分

trulyad.真正地；確實(shí)地

magicn.魔術(shù)；魔力

fitinto:bepartofasituation,system,etc.；bepartofagroupofpeopleorthings適合；符合；屬于

responsibilityn.責(zé)任

educatevt.teachortrain教化

entertainvt.givepleasureto;haveasaguest給…以快樂(lè)；款待

hencead.asaresult,therefore;fromthistime因此；從今

contactvt.getintouchwith及…接觸

alien▲a.foreign;strange外國(guó)的；生疏的

civilizationn.文明

ProperNames

StephenHawking斯蒂芬·霍金

Einstein愛(ài)因斯坦（1879—1955,美籍德國(guó)理論物理學(xué)家）全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit4Unit4AmericanDream

PartIPre-readingTask

Listentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:

1.AccordingtoDr.Hertz,whatdidtheAmericanDreammeantohisgrandparents

2.InDr.Hertz'sopinion,whowantspeopletobelieveintheAmericanDreamWhy

3.WhydoesDr.HertzsaytheAmericanDreamisinone'sheadandinone'spocket

4.WhatdoyouunderstandbytheAmericanDream

Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:

povertyn.貧困

advertisingn.廣告宣揚(yáng)

PartII

TextA

TheAmericanDreammeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butformany,