Unit5PoemsPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures-（學(xué)案）-高二英語學(xué)與練（人教選擇性）

選擇性必修第三冊Unit5PoemsPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)定語從句定義用作定語的從句類型限制性定語從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。非限制性定語從句對主句所描述的人或物提供附加情況，起補充說明作用；如省去，主句意義仍完整。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞when,where,why002課堂探究定語從句[合作探究]1.Therearevariousreasonswhypeopleposepoetry.(Para.1)2.Someofthefirstpoems(that)ayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.(Para.2)3.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“l(fā)istpoem”,whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.(Para.3)4.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhich/thatgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.(Para.3)5.Anothersimpleformofpoemthat/whichamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.(Para.4)6.HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythat/whichconsistsof17syllables.(Para.5)7.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.(Para.5)思考：第1句中的why能否換為其他關(guān)系詞？第2句和第3句中的關(guān)系代詞that可否換為which?[名師提醒]定語從句概述定義用作定語的從句類型限制性定語從句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具體情況，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意義不完整或失去意義。非限制性定語從句對主句所描述的人或物提供附加情況，起補充說明作用；如省去，主句意義仍完整。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞when,where,why二、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞that指物和人在從句中作主語或賓語which指物在從句中作主語或賓語who指人在從句中作主語或賓語whom在從句中作賓語whose指人和物在從句中作賓語as指人和物在從句中作主語或賓語關(guān)系副詞when指時間在從句中作時間狀語where指地點在從句中作地點狀語why指原因在從句中作原因狀語三、定語從句不能用which的情況1.當先行詞為all,little,much,few,everything,none,all,every,any,much,little,few,no等指物的不定代詞時關(guān)系代詞只用that。Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2.當先行詞既有人又有物時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which。Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.3.當先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,而不用which。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.GuilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthatIhaveevervisited.4.當先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which。ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5.當先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時,關(guān)系代詞用that,不用which。Thatistheverythingthatwecando.6.當主句是以which,who,what開頭的特殊問句時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不用which。Whatisthemainenvironmentalissue(that)youwanttoaddress?四、定語從句不能用that的情況1.常用“prep.＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Heisalibraryassistant,fromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.2.用“n./pron./num./adj.比較或最高級+prep.+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示先行詞的一部分Theytalkedaboutamovie,thenameofwhichI'veneverforgotten.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.非限制性定語從句中，指物用whichBeijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.TheNile,whichusedtofloodeveryyear,nowrunsmoreregularlybelowthedam.五、關(guān)系詞的省略1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略。Thecup(that/which)youboughtisbroken.2.在某些表示時間、地點的詞后的限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系副詞在口語中有時省略。I’llneverforgettheyear(when)IstayedinBeijing.Thisistheplace(where)Ilivedfiveyearsago.注意：非限制性定語從句通常由who,whom,which,whose,when,where及“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)，且關(guān)系詞一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定語從句中，which可指代整個主句內(nèi)容?！緦W(xué)以致用1】單句語法填空定語從句的關(guān)系詞1.Thehouse______windowsfacenorthbelongstohim.2.Theman_______________youmetjustnowismybrother.3.Theman_________isworkingintheplaygroundismyoldfriend.4.Takethebook___________islyingonthetable.5.Sheissuchagirl____isalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.6.Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetoseparate.7.Doyouknowthereason_____heisabsent?8.Hisintereststartedafewyearsago,______hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.【答案】1.whose2.whom/who/that3.who/that4.which/that5.as6.where7.why8.when【學(xué)以致用2】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子1.我讀過很多關(guān)于長征的故事，其中這個故事最令人感動。I’vereadmanystoriesabouttheLongMarch，thisisthemosttouchingone.2.讀書是一種享受生活的好方法，它把讀者帶到其他的世界中。Readingbooks，thereadertootherworlds，isawonderfulwaytoenjoylife.3.在五樓有兩個房間，其中較大的那個被用作我們的辦公室。Onthefifthfloortherearetworooms，isusedasouroffice.4.這座山的頂峰很難被看到，因為被高樓擋住了。Themountain，thetopishardlyseen，isblockedbythehighbuilding.5.在我們公司，我?guī)缀醯酵砩狭c后才有時間，到那時許多人已經(jīng)回家了。InourpanyIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter6pm，manypeoplehavegonehome.【答案】1.ofwhich?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。2.whichtakes?which指代readingbooks，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。3.thelargerofwhich?表示兩者中較大的一個要用“the+比較級”。4.ofwhich?ofwhichthetop在此相當于whosetop。5.bywhichtime?bywhichtime到那個時候，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。003隨堂小練Ⅰ單句語法填空1．AsKarlMarxsays,“Thosemakemostpeoplehappyarethehappiestpeopleintheworld.”2．Covid19,themostdeadlyvirusinrecentyears,begantoattackpeoplein2019,fromeffectpeoplearestillsuffering.3．“Thankyouforlettingmeobserveyourclasses.Itwasanunusualexperience,”theemailbegan,gotmyheartracing.4．SomeAmericanspellingswerecreatedbyNoahWebster,madeoneofAmerica’sfirstdictionaries.5．Doyouremembertheyearsyoulivedinthecountrysidewithyourgrandparents?6．Itwasfinallypletedin1928,bytimeitwasconsideredoutofdateandrevisionsbeganatonce.7．WesternChinaisabundantinmineralresourcesofferveryhighpotentialforexploitation.8．Ioftengoshoppingwithmyparentsonweekends,Ienjoyverymuchbecauseitoffersachanceforustoexchangeideaswhileshopping.9．Therearevariousreasonstheviolinisthaswon.10．HehaswrittenabooknameIhaveforgotten.1．who【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：正如卡爾·馬克思（KarlMarx）所說，“讓大多數(shù)人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人?！狈治鼍渥映煞挚芍?，此句是一個定語從句，those為先行詞，在句中指人，空格處在定語從句中充當主語成分，所以只能填who。故填who。2．whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：新冠肺炎是近年來最致命的病毒，從2019年開始襲擊人們，人們?nèi)栽谠馐芷溆绊?。分析句子可知，此處是“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Covid19，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，修飾effect，應(yīng)使用whose。故填whose。3．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：“謝謝你讓我旁聽你的課。這是一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷，”郵件開頭讓我心跳加速。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是email，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。4．who【詳解】考查非限制定語從句。句意：一些美國拼法是由諾亞韋伯斯特創(chuàng)造的，他編寫了美國最早的字典之一。分析句子可知，空后是一個非限制性定語從句，句中缺主語，且先行詞是NoahWebster，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who來引導(dǎo)。故填who。5．when【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你還記得你和祖父母住在農(nóng)村的那些年嗎？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞theyears，先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。故填when。6．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：它最終于1928年完成，當時它被認為是過時的，并立即開始修訂。此處為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞1928，作介詞的賓語，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。7．which/that【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：中國西部礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，開發(fā)潛力很大?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞resources是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。8．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我經(jīng)常在周末和我的父母一起去購物，我非常喜歡，因為它提供了一個機會，讓我們在購物時交流思想。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整個主句內(nèi)容，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。9．why【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這位小提琴家獲勝的原因有很多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞reasons。代替先行詞在定語從句中作原因狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)該從句。故填why。10．whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他寫了一本書，我忘了書的名字。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是book，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作定語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。Ⅱ完成句子（用定語從句合并句子）。1．SothereisaKeepFitSummerCampinourcity.Inthecamp,theoverweightteenagerscantakeenoughexerciseandhaveahealthydiet._________________________________________________________________________________________2．Youmightoftenseeoverweightboysandgirls.Thismeansthatyoungpeople’sweighthasbeeabigproblem._________________________________________________________________________________________3．Leowillneverforgetthemoment.Atthatmoment,MrGreengavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting._________________________________________________________________________________________Youwereplayingsomemusic,anditsoundedveryfamiliar._________________________________________________________________________________________5．China’sfirstselfdesignedmodernbridgereopenedtotheroadtraffic.WeChineseweresoproudofitwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago._________________________________________________________________________________________1．SothereisaKeepFitSummerCampinourcitywheretheoverweightteenagerscantakeenoughexerciseandhaveahealthydiet.2．Youmightoftenseeoverweightboysandgirls,whichmeansthatyoungpeople’sweighthasbeeabigproblem.3．LeowillneverforgetthemomentwhenMrGreengavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting.4．Themusicthat/whichyouwereplayingsoundedveryfamiliar.5．China’sfirstselfdesignedmodernbridgereopenedtotheroadtraffic,ofwhichweChineseweresoproudwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago.Ⅲ能力提升(用定語從句翻譯下列句子)笑是驅(qū)走人們臉上寒意的太陽。_________________________________________________________________________________________我伸手去摸她的臉，發(fā)現(xiàn)她的臉像冰一樣冰冷。_________________________________________________________________________________________他演講中的一些與氣候有關(guān)的話語讓聽眾感到驚奇。_________________________________________________________________________________________他重游故居，不禁回憶起許多美好的回憶。_________________________________________________________________________________________杭州亞運會開幕式以水為主題，融入科技元素，整場演出恢弘大氣，讓人印象深刻。_________________________________________________________________________________________1．Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.2．Ireachedouttotouchherface,whichwasascoldastheice.3．Somewordsinhisspeech,whichwererelatedtoclimate,surprisedtheaudience.4．Avisittotheplaceswherehehadlivedbroughtbackmanyfondmemories.5．Themedaroundwaterandintegratedwithtechnologicalelements,theopeningceremonyoftheHangzhouAsianGamespresentedagrandperformance,whichleftadeepimpressiononpeople.004培優(yōu)提升一、單句語法填空1．Theexhibitbeforeyouisasetofmusicalinstrumentscalledchimebells,wereunearthedinHubeiProvincein1978.2．ChinahasMidAutumnFestival,peopleadmirethemoon.3．Thegentlemanyoumetyesterdayprovedtobeathief.4．Thepeoplefaceslitupwithahugesmilegavemethedeepestimpression.5．Hereinthemountains,everysunrisestarts,I’llhealmyheartforawhile.6．Shewonderedwhetherhehadsomeonetohecouldtalkfreely.7．Teenagersmayexperiencesituationstheirbodydevelopmentslowsdown.8．Hebeganhiscareerasaheadfootballcoachin1969,hewaselectedtoleadtheOaklandRaiders.9．Thegirlrefusedtotellusthereasonshebecameinterestedinthisfilm.10．IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,myclassmatesremendedtome.1．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：眼前的展品是一套名為“編鐘”的樂器，1978年在湖北省出土。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為asetofmusicalinstrumentscalledchimebells，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。可以用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填which。2．when【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：中國有中秋節(jié)，人們在這一天賞月?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，先行詞MidAutumnFestival是時間，在從句中作狀語，因此空格處用關(guān)系副詞when，故填when。3．that/who/whom【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你昨天遇到的那位先生被證明是個小偷。分析句子結(jié)果可知，空處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thegentleman。先行詞指人，在定語從句中作賓語，所以可以用關(guān)系代詞that,who或whom引導(dǎo)該從句。故填that/who/whom。4．whose【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：那些臉上洋溢著燦爛笑容的人給我留下了最深刻的印象。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，且結(jié)合語意，此處表示“人們的臉”，所以空處應(yīng)用whose作定語，引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填whose。5．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在這群山中，在每一個日出開始的地方，我會暫時治愈我的心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是mountains，在從句中作地點狀語，用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。6．whom【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她想知道他是否有一個可以自由交談的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是someone，在從句中作to的賓語，用whom引導(dǎo)，此處是介詞+whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句。故填whom。7．where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：青少年可能會經(jīng)歷身體發(fā)育減慢的情況。此處為定語從句，代替先行詞situations在從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。8．when【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：1969年，他被選為奧克蘭突擊隊員隊的主教練，開始了他的足球教練生涯。分析句子可知，空處及之后的內(nèi)容為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為1969，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故填when。9．why【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這個女孩拒絕告訴我們她為什么對這部電影感興趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是reason，做原因狀語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)。故填why。10．which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：上周我從圖書館借了一本《福爾摩斯探案》，這本書是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為thebookSherlockHolmes，指代事物，在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。二、語篇語法填空。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sustainabletourism，1isbeingincreasinglypopularnowadays，isnotjustaboutseeingthesights.Itisalsoa