04閱讀理解（詞句猜測題）-2025年高考英語一輪復習基礎知識能力提升全囊括

閱讀理解詞句猜測題[命題解讀]詞句猜測題旨在考查考生在閱讀文章時通過各種方法或技巧猜測生詞的含義、理解語塊的意思以及明確代詞指代含義的能力，是英語高考閱讀理解中的必考題型，是考查考生語言運用能力以及思維品質的重要途徑。[設題特點]1.這類題目往往要求考生能夠對文章中的某個生詞、熟詞(熟詞生義)、短語或句子進行理解并選出準確的意思，或者確定原文中某個代詞的指代含義。因此，在閱讀過程中，考生需要結合語境，聯(lián)系上下文進行猜測。此外，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對提高閱讀能力都有非常重要的意義。2.分析近三年新高考卷及全國卷考查詞義猜詞的題目可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)文本中涉及的派生詞、合成詞難度加大，更加突出對考生靈活運用語言的能力的考查；(2)對短語的考查與對生詞的考查都有所涉及，短語已經(jīng)不再限制于由課標詞組成的短語了，出現(xiàn)了非課標詞，這對考生的語言運用能力提出了更高的要求。無論是直接的詞義猜測題，還是閱讀篇章中需要理解的生詞，我們都可運用邏輯關系、上下文、生活常識、文化背景、構詞法等來猜測其含義。[選項特征]正確選項特征1.本意延伸。其真實的含義與其字面意思無關，在原意的基礎上進行延伸或者拓展；2.邏輯通順。在內容上，與詞或短語所在的句子、段落有關，符合上下文邏輯；3.接近原意。會采取另一種用法或表達方式，而且與原句意思最接近。干擾選項特征1.構詞法干擾，指片面地從構詞法的角度猜測、思考，不考慮上下文語境，望詞生義；2.如果考的是熟詞、舊詞，含有常規(guī)詞義或本來含義的往往是錯誤選項；3.句子解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般是錯誤選項。考法一單詞或短語含義猜測題詞義含義猜測是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時間內根據(jù)上下文快速猜測所指定的某一個單詞和短語的能力，而這些詞和短語往往都是超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來，猜測詞義能力的高低，直接影響著閱讀理解得分的高低。技法1“邏輯關系”猜詞義閱讀理解語篇是按照一定的邏輯關系展開的，根據(jù)邏輯關系可以粗略地推斷出生詞詞義或其大致義域。對猜測詞義幫助較大的邏輯關系有并列、轉折和因果等。[技法點撥](1)當需要猜測的詞語位于incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,however,but,despite,while等詞語附近時，可以推測其意思與前后的單詞或短語表示相反的意思。因此，可以通過這種轉折關系，根據(jù)已知單詞或短語的意思反推需要猜測的詞語的意思。(2)當需要猜測的詞語位于also,as...as,similarly,and,or,justas,likewise等詞語附近時，可以推測其意思與前后的單詞或短語表示相同或者相近的意思。因此，可以通過這種并列關系，根據(jù)已知單詞或短語的意思推測出需要猜測的詞語的意思。(3)英語中表示因果關系的詞語有because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,resultfrom,so,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...等，當需要猜測的詞語位于這些詞或短語附近時，可以根據(jù)因果關系猜測其意思。典例1【江蘇省常熟市20222023學年高三10月階段性抽測（一）】Parents,teachersandcaregivershavelongsuspectedthemagicofstorytellingtocalmkids.Researchershavenowquantifiedthebiologicalandemotionalbenefitsofawelltoldtale.“Weknowthatnarrativehasthepowertotransportustoanotherworld,”saysGuilhermeBrockingtonfromBrazil’sFederalUniversity.“Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamoremonplacehospitalsetting.”SoinvestigatorsworkinginseveralBrazilianhospitalssplitatotalof81patientsaged4to11intotwogroups,matchingthemwithstorytellerswhohadadecadeofhospitalexperience.Inonegroup,thestorytellerledeachchildinplayingariddlegame.Intheother,youngsterschosebooksandlistenedasthestorytellerreadthemaloud.Beforeandafterthesesessions,theresearcherstookspitsamplesfromeachchild,thenaskedthemtoreporttheirpainlevelsandconductedafreeassociationwordquiz.Childreninbothgroupsbenefitedmeasurablyfromtheinteractions;theyshowedlowerlevelsofcortisol—thestressrelatedhormoneandhigherlevelsofoxytocin,whichisoftendescribedasafeelgoodhormone.Yetkidsinthestorytellinggroupbenefitedsignificantlymore:theircortisollevelswereaquarterofthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheiroxytocinlevelswerenearlytwiceashigh.Thosewhoheardstoriesalsoreportedpainlevelsdroppingalmosttwiceasmuchasthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheyusedmorepositivewordstodescribetheirhospitalstay.Thestudydemonstratesthatplayinggamesorsimplyinteractingwithsomeonecanrelaxkidsandimprovetheiroutlookbutthathearingstorieshasanespeciallydramaticeffect.Theresearchers“reallytriedtocontrolthesocialinteractionponentofthestoryteller,whichIthinkwasthekey,”saysRaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Next,theinvestigatorsplantostudyhowlongtheseeffectslast,alongwithstorytelling’spotentialbenefitstokidswithparticularillnessessuchascancer.FornowBrockingtonsaystheresultsindicatestorytellingisalowcostandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutesinavarietyofsettings.Maragrees.“It’sverypromisingandscalable,”hesays,“andpossiblygeneralizable.”33．Theunderlinedword“scalable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_________.A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．parable C．a(chǎn)djustable D．readable【答案】33．A

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是研究人員現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)量化了一個講得好的故事在生理和情感上的好處。33．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“theresultsindicatestorytellingisalowcostandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutesinavarietyofsettings(研究結果表明，講故事是一種低成本且極其有效的方法，可以幫助改善各種環(huán)境下的健康狀況)”可知，這種方法是可行的，可使用的，scalable和accessible(可使用的)意思相近，故選A。典例2【江蘇省金陵中學、海安中學20222023學年高三10月聯(lián)考】JohnDominiswasoneofthestaffphotographersofLIFEMagazine.HejoinedLIFEin1950andshotoneofthemostclassicpicturesofthe20thcentury;TommieSmithandJohnCarlosgivingtheblackpowersaluteattheOlympicsinMexico.Here,LIFElooksbackatoneofhislesserknownshoots—theAfricanantelope,whichwasacoverstorythatearnedhimMagazinePhotographeroftheyearin1966andlaterbecameabook.IntheEditor’sNotethatacpaniesthestory,Dominisdescribedhowhewasabletogetthedramaticphotowithoutatelephotolens.“Iwantedtogetlowangleshotsthatgaveadramaticsenseoftheirspeed.Ibuiltboxesandmountedcamerasinsideofthem.”Dominisexplained.“JohnandIworkedforthreeweekswiththem.We’dgoamileaheadofaherdandputdowntheboxesandhidthem.Thenwe’dhideaquarterofamileawayandwaitmaybeforseveralhours.MeanwhilethelightmightchangeandtherewasnowayIcouldchangetheexposureonthecameras.Iftheanimalreachedtheboxes,Ipushedthebuttonthatsetoffthecamerasbyaradiosignalandranoffawholerolloffilm.Imusthaveexposed40rolls,butendedupwithonlyonereallygoodphoto.”TheBriscoeCenterrecentlyacquiredJohnDominis’sworks.“ThesepicturesandcollectionshavesomethingtosayabouthowAmericansperceivetheoutsideworld,”saidBenWrightoftheBriscoeCenter.“Theyarenotonlybeautifulandinteresting;they’rehistoricalevidencethathelphistorianstounderstandthepastwithaccuracyandintegrity.”25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mounted”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Fixed. B．Added.C．Adjusted. D．Focused.【答案】25．A

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了攝影師JohnDominis是如何拍攝他的非洲羚羊照片的經(jīng)過的，以及人們對他作品的評價。25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Iwantedtogetlowangleshotsthatgaveadramaticsenseoftheirspeed.Ibuiltboxesand(我想拍低角度的照片，給人一種戲劇性的速度感。我制作了盒子)”以及后文“camerasinsideofthem”可知，Dominis想要拍攝低角度的照片，給人一種速度的戲劇性感覺，所以做了一些盒子，在里面安裝了攝像機。故畫線詞意思是“安裝”。A.Fixed.安裝；B.Added.增加；C.Adjusted.調整；D.Focused.集中。故選A。技法2“語法關系”猜詞義利用語法關系猜測詞義時指利用語言表達中的下定義、舉例子、標點符號等進行詞義猜測的方法。[技法點撥](1)作者有時會通過給某些詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解詞義，尤其是在一些科普類、社科類以及與專業(yè)內容相關的文章中。此時，常使用的信號詞匯有：i.e.,is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等。(2)有時，畫線詞后會跟有一些具體的例子，這些例子能幫助考生理解該詞的詞義。此時常出現(xiàn)的信號詞匯有：suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等.(3)作者為了使某一復雜難懂的詞或術語的含義更清楚，通常會使用常用、簡明的詞或詞組對其進行解釋，這就是重述。重述部分通過逗號(有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號或括號)與句子的其他部分隔開或用信號詞引導。常見的信號詞匯有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等。典例4【江蘇省金陵中學、海安中學20222023學年高三10月聯(lián)考】Asthenewyearapproaches,crowdsaroundtheworldmaybeexpectingwhizzesandbangstolightupthesky.Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(無人機)forlightshows,though.OllieHowitt,aleaderofSkyMagic,whichusedateamof300dronestocreateadisplayforLondon’snewyearcelebrationlastyear,saiddemandhadincreasedsubstantially.“Wedothinkit’sgoingtobesomethingthat’severcatchingon,asopposedtoitbeingashortlivedsortoffashionpeoplehavesuddenlygotinterestedin.Dronesarereusableandthere’snofallout.Inthatsensethey’reaverygood,sustainableoption,”shesaid.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fizzleout”inparagraph1mean?A．Catchon. B．Windup.C．Springup. D．Cancelout.【答案】28．B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了無人機用于燈光表演有許多優(yōu)點，但是它可能給環(huán)境帶來的影響。人們對無人機燈光表演有不同態(tài)度。28．詞句猜測題。結合常識和第一段“Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(無人機)forlightshows，though.(不過，隨著無人機越來越多地用于燈光表演，煙花的吸引力可能會fizzleout)”中“fireworks”和“thegrowinguseofdrones”可知，煙花表演與無人機的表演是有共性的，都屬于夜空中的燈光秀，因此，當無人機越來越多地用于燈光表演，煙花表演就減少或被替代，由此推知，劃線短語與Windup意思相近，意為“結束”。故選B項。典例5【江蘇省漣水縣第一中學20222023學年高三上學期第一次階段檢測】Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld,Whodoesn’tlongforafavoriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbeingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone’swellbeingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach(菠菜),areseenas“hot”,whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradishes(小蘿卜),areseenas“cold”.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food,However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual’shealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluencesthecateringindustry.Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry,canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.Theseherbsattractcustomers,suchasoverworkedofficestaff,inneedofamodestpickmeup.So,whetheryouneedtoboostyourstrengthwithalargehelpingofchickensoup,orincreaseyourmentalpowerswithaservingofpigbrainsoup,youmayfindthatthisancientChinesecustomcouldbejustthetonicyouwerelookingfor.10．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“catering”underlinedinparagraph3?A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion.【答案】10．B

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)滋補品的現(xiàn)狀、功效以及滋補品對現(xiàn)代餐飲業(yè)的影響。10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Chineseherbalmedicines,suchasthewolfberry,canbefoundonmanyarestaurantmenu,eitheraddedtofruitteaorasabeneficialadditiontoadish.”可知，中草藥，如枸杞，可以在許多餐館的菜單上找到，可以添加到水果茶中，也可以作為一道菜的有益補充。由此可知，文中cateringindustry與下文的餐館有關，故可知意思是“餐館”。A.Medicine.藥物；B.Restaurant.餐廳；C.Education.教育；D.Fashion.時尚。故選B。技法3利用構詞法猜詞義[技法點撥]構詞法是猜測生詞含義的重要依據(jù)，根據(jù)構詞法猜測出的詞義一般比較接近單詞的真實意思，準確度較高。雖然利用構詞法猜測詞義近三年高考沒有直接考查，但是在閱讀文本中出現(xiàn)了派生詞、合成詞，且沒有給出注解，考生需要利用構詞法理解其含義，因此，利用構詞法猜詞的方法考生仍需要掌握。典例6(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷·B)Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof“forbiddenfruit”thateoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol(手槍).Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.......MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inparagraph8referto?A.Thestudent'sparent. B.ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C.Theauthor'sgrandchild. D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.5.D根據(jù)構詞法，“er”為后綴，當其與動詞綴合時，表示做某事的人或物；offend為動詞，意為“違反、冒犯”。故offender有“犯規(guī)者、違反者”的含義。結合上文中出現(xiàn)的forbiddenfruit以及下文提到的returnthebelonging可推斷，犯規(guī)者指擁有下述forbiddenfruit的人?？挤ǘ~猜測題猜測代詞指代義就是找出人稱代詞、指示代詞甚至關系代詞等所指代的內容，高考中常考的是人稱代詞以及指示代詞的指代對象，縱觀近三年的高考題，一般來講，代詞指代題不會單純從語法角度考查指代對象，都需要借助上下文語境以及邏輯關系來進行猜測。代詞猜測題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多，動作轉換頻繁的語境中?！炯挤c撥】典例8【江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體20222023學年高三上學期10月聯(lián)合調研】Formostpeople,moneystillmeansphysicalcashprintedbyasole(唯一的、專有的),publicauthority.Yetitmaybeshortlived,ascashgiveswaytothedigitalizationoffinanceandnewmeansofpaymentmaytakeover.Thebigchangewillhavehugeimpactsonstates,peopleandpanies.Doesitdomoregoodthanharm?EswarPrasad,aseniorprofessorofTradePolicyatCornellUniversity,saysinhisbookKillbills,theFutureofMoney,itdependsoncentralbanks—whethertheycanembracechangewithoutlosingcontrol.Heinsiststheendofcash—likelywithinadecadeortwo—isrevolutionary.Asforthetrendthatcashisdeclining,MrPrasadexplainsthatitisduetothefactthatmanypeoplebankfromlaptopsandmakepaymentsontheirphones.Bitcoinandmanyotherdigitalmoniesithasinspiredbringaboutamorefundamentalshift,whichmakespaymentspossiblewithouttheneedforatrusted,centralauthority.However,banksremaindominant.Fearingthiscoulddothemoutofajob,manycentralbanksarebeginningtocatchupwiththepacebydevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies—CBDCs,whichwillupgradethefinancialsystem.MrPrasadsaystheyaremoreefficientthancashforsettlingtransactions(交易結算).Theycouldalsoprovidesupporttodigitalpaymentsystemsmanagedbyprivatefirms.Theycouldoffer“unbanked”munitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.Andtheymaymakeiteasiertotrackillegaltransactions.However,MrPrasadfearsCBDCsmaybevulnerable(脆弱的)tohackingandbugs;theycouldkillprivateinnovationandcausetheinstabilitytheyaremeanttoprohibit.Theprivacyoftransactionswillbelost.Healsomanagestomakethefinancialsystemunderstandableandinteresting.Hispatientdescriptionofhowitworksincludesnumbersofwellresearchedexamplesandpersonalanecdotes.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph4referto?A．Centralbanks. B．Bills. C．panies. D．CBDCs.【答案】

9．D

【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要以《消滅紙幣，貨幣的未來》這本書為核心話題，介紹了其主要內容——當前貨幣今后的發(fā)展的情況。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Fearingthiscoulddothemoutofajob,manycentralbanksarebeginningtocatchupwiththepacebydevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies—CBDCs,whichwillupgradethefinancialsystem.(由于擔心這可能會讓它們失去工作，許多央行開始通過開發(fā)自己的數(shù)字貨幣來趕上這一步伐，這將升級金融體系。)”以及劃線單詞下文“Theycouldalsoprovidesupporttodigitalpaymentsystemsmanagedbyprivatefirms.Theycouldoffer“unbanked”munitiesaccesstodigitalpaymentsandotherfinancialproducts.Andtheymaymakeiteasiertotrackillegaltransactions.(他們還可以為私人公司管理的數(shù)字支付系統(tǒng)提供支持。它們可以為“沒有銀行賬戶”的社區(qū)提供使用數(shù)字支付和其他金融產(chǎn)品的渠道。而且它們可能會使追蹤非法交易變得更容易。)”可知，they指的是上文提到的數(shù)字貨幣。故選D?！窘K省南通市海安市實驗中學20222023學年高三上學期10月月考】Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard，maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm",oftenusedinasituation—aquietperiodjustbeforeagreatactivityor.excitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshavetosay..Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindofstorm—asinglecellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalowpressurevacuum（真空）ingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour（水蒸氣）initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbeescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout（被擠出）atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm,讓mightbereallywindy!13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Coldanddryair. B．Warmanddryair.C．Coldanddampair. D．Warmanddampair.【答案】13．D

【分析】本文為自然現(xiàn)象類說明文。文章揭秘暴風雨來臨前的寧靜這一神秘自然現(xiàn)象。13．代詞指代題。第三段中Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapour(水蒸汽)initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.提到由于暖濕空氣被吸進雷暴中，雷暴經(jīng)過之處就形成了低氣壓真空帶。正在上升的暖濕氣流遇到雷暴云層中原本就存在的干燥冷空氣，此時暖濕空氣的溫度下降，暖濕空氣中的水分凝結成小的水滴，這就是雨水形成的前提。所以可知，代詞it代指“暖濕空氣”。故選D?？挤ㄈ湟獠聹y題句意猜測題要求考生用合適的語句解釋一個具有概括性的句子或格言諺語。一般來講，畫線句中生詞不占主導地位，但無法單獨通過字面意思理解句子的隱含意義，遇到此類題，必須回歸原文，將畫線句的前后句，甚至前后段進行歸納總結，再將自己理解的意思與選項的意思逐個比較，選出最為接近的選項作為答案?！炯挤c撥】【江蘇省如東中學2022~2023學年高三上學期期初學情檢測】Cansnackingbeakeyelementofahealthylifestyle?Ifyourfirstresponseis“No!”,here’sachancetoupdateyouropinions.Someofuswereraisedwiththeadviceof“Nevereatbetweenmeals”,whichcanprotectourteethfromsweets.Yettherecanbesignificantadvantagesofsnackingonhealthyfoods.Researchershavefoundthateatingfrequentminimealsoffershealthbenefits.Dr.DavidJenkinsandcolleaguesattheUniversityofTorontohavereportedsomeremarkableadvantages.Inonestudy,participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroupsandbothgroupsweregiventhesametypeandamountoffoodoveratwoweekperiod.Onegroupconsumedthreemealsaday.Forthosehavinga“NibblingDiet”,foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday.Aftertwoweeks,thenibblershadreducedtheirbloodcholesterol(膽固醇)levelsbymorethan15percent.Cortisol(皮質醇),astressindicator,wasreducedby17percent.Averageseruminsulin(血清胰島素)levelsofnibblerswerereducedby28percent.Withlessinsulin,thebodyislesslikelytoconvertloadsofcaloriesintobodyfat.Also,youmaythinkeatingconcentratedsourcesoffatorsugar(orboth)willpacktheweightintoyourbody.However,seebelowforsomeexamplesofhealthysnacks:Nutsarehighinfatsokeepportionsmoderate.However,thefateswithawealthofmineralsandprotectivesubstances.Forgrowingyoungsters,highenergyadults,athletesandthosewhohavedifficultymaintainingtheirweight,nutsareagreatsolution.Driedfruits(raisins,currants,apricots)helpyoustockuponiron.Ifyoutendtofeelcoldinwinter,keepraisinshandy.Whenyourbloodsugardrops,you’llhaveaninstantremedy.Freshfruitisalsoagreatchoice.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“NibblingDiet”inparagraph2referto?A．Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime.B．Eatingmanysnacksatatime.C．Eatingfoodgentlyeachtime.D．Eatingfoodquicklyeachtime.【答案】

9．A

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常吃迷你餐對健康有益，并介紹了一些健康零食。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語下文“foodwasdividedinto17minimealsaday”（食物被分為每天17頓迷你餐）可知，參與研究的另一組人每天吃17頓迷你餐，由此可知，這些人一次不會吃太多的食物，“Noteatingtoomuchfoodatatime”意為“一次不吃太多的食物”，能夠表達畫線短語在句中所要表達的意思。故選A項。鞏固提高A【江蘇省如皋市20222023學年高三上學期第一次聯(lián)考】Thankstogreatprogressinfundamentalresearch,biologyisbeingmoreprogrammable.Tworecentscientificadvancesshowhowpowerfulthepossibilitiescouldbe.Thegeneticmodificationofplantsisallowingthemechanismofphotosynthesistobetinkeredwith(調整).Thiscouldleadtodramaticimprovementsintheproductivityofplants.Tweakingthegenesofpeoplewhosufferfromfatalincurablediseases,meanwhile,hasalsohadremarkableresults.Aseriesofgenetictherapieshasarrived,orisarriving,totreatsomefataldiseases.Thetasknowistospreadthesegainsfarandwide.Thisattractivepromisehasbeenmadepossiblebyanenormousinvestmentinfundamentalresearchovertheyears.Basicknowledgeofgeneticsandthefunctionsandstructuresofproteinshasprovedtobeamotorfordiscoveryacrossmedicineandagriculture.Theprivatesector,tobesureplaysanessentialroleinthecycleofinnovation.Buttheseadvancesareareminderthatinvestmentbygovernmentsandcharitiesiscrucialinareasthatofferlittlemercialbenefitintheshortterm,butwhichinthelongtermpromisetogreatlyadvancewellbeing.Unfortunately,thereisnoguaranteethatthesegainswillberealized.Genetherapiesarearemarkabletechnicalacplishment.Buttheircurrentenormouscostmakesthemhardforhealthcaresystemstoafford.Inthepast,novelmedicinesthatstartedoutextremelycostlyhavebeemuchcheaper.Ifgenetherapyistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtodoevenbetterthanthis.Moreefficientphotosynthesis,too,willneedfurtherinvestmentifitistobemercialized.Thelong—termmanufacturingcostsofanewgreenrevolutionwill,thankfully,below;plantsmakemoreplantsinawaythattreatmentsnevercan.Genetherapies,however,needinnovationtoreducethecostofmakingthem.Heregovernments,charitiesandtheprivatesectorcouldusefullyworktogether.Last,regulatorsalsoneedtobequickerandmoreunderstandingofthegainstosocietyfromhelpingthesetechnologiesreachtheirpotential.Innovationscanlanguishwithoutappropriateortimelyrulemaking.Sciencehasmadeageneticrevolutionpossible.Nowthatrevolutionmustflourish.8．Howdopeoplebenefitfromthesetwoadvances?A．Fataldiseaseswillbecured.B．Peoplecansufferfromdeadlydiseases.C．Themechanismofphotosynthesiscanbechanged.D．Morefoodwillbeproducedtofeedahungryplanet.9．Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tcontributetotherevolution?A．Investmentbygovernments.B．Knowledgeofgeneticsandproteins.C．Investmentbytheprivatesector.D．Knowledgeofmedicineandagriculture.10．Whatshouldbedonetogeneralizetheachievementsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Regulatingtherevolutiontounderstandthegains.B．Innovatinggenetherapiestoreducethecost.C．mercializingphotosynthesistomeettheneedsD．Workingtogethertodevelopnewdrugs.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)anguish”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Managetothrive. B．Reachtheirpotential.C．Failtoadvance. D．Makeproperrules.【答案】8．D

9．D

10．B

11．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了通過調整有機體的光合作用來幫助人類發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)以及制藥業(yè)，同時也延伸出監(jiān)管者們該做和不該做的事情。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Thegeneticmodificationofplantsisallowingthemechanismofphotosynthesistobetinkeredwith(調整).Thiscouldleadtodramaticimprovementsintheproductivityofplants.(植物的基因改造使光合作用的機制得以修補。這將大大提高植物的生產(chǎn)力。)”可知，人們從這兩項進步中獲益，將生產(chǎn)更多的糧食來養(yǎng)活饑餓的地球。故選D。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Basicknowledgeofgeneticsandthefunctionsandstructuresofproteinshasprovedtobeamotorfordiscoveryacrossmedicineandagriculture.Theprivatesector,tobesureplaysanessentialroleinthecycleofinnovation.Buttheseadvancesareareminderthatinvestmentbygovernmentsandcharitiesiscrucialinareasthatofferlittlemercialbenefitintheshortterm,butwhichinthelongtermpromisetogreatlyadvancewellbeing.(遺傳學的基礎知識和蛋白質的功能和結構已被證明是醫(yī)學和農(nóng)業(yè)領域發(fā)現(xiàn)的動力。毫無疑問，私營部門在創(chuàng)新周期中扮演著至關重要的角色。但這些進展提醒我們，政府和慈善機構的投資在短期內幾乎沒有商業(yè)效益，但從長期來看有望大大提高福祉的領域至關重要。)”可知，政府投資、遺傳學和蛋白質知識以及私營部門投資都有助于這場革命，D選項沒有提到，故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inthepast,novelmedicinesthatstartedoutextremelycostlyhavebeemuchcheaper.Ifgenetherapyistoliveuptoitspromise,itwillneedtodoevenbetterthanthis.(在過去，一開始非常昂貴的新藥物已經(jīng)變得非常便宜。如果基因療法要實現(xiàn)它的承諾，它需要做得比這更好。)”可知，為了推廣這些成果，我們應該降低創(chuàng)新基因療法的成本，故選B。11．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Last,regulatorsalsoneedtobequickerandmoreunderstandingofthegainstosocietyfromhelpingthesetechnologiesreachtheirpotential.(最后，監(jiān)管機構還需要更快、更了解幫助這些技術發(fā)揮潛力給社會帶來的好處。)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子表示“如果沒有適當或及時的規(guī)則制定，創(chuàng)新就會停滯不前”，劃線詞languish的意思是“不能前進”，和failtoadvance意思相近，故選C。BForcenturies,twoofthemostinterestingquestionsaboutLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”were“Who?”and“When?”AdiscoverymadeatHeidelbergUniversityin2005answeredboth.AnoteconfirmedtheaccountofdaVinci’sfirstbiographer,GiorgioVasari:thatthesitterwasamerchant’swife,LisaGherardini.Thenotealsohelpeddatethemasterpiccetobetween1503and1506.Athirdconundrum—“Where?”—isstillindispute.ButonJune3rdaFrenchengineer,PascalCotte,declaredthatheandacollaboratorhadidentifiedthelandscapeinthebackgroundofthepainting.Duringapresentation,MrCottecontendedthattheartistwasmoreplausiblydepictingapartofhisnativeTuscany.DaVincirepresentedtheareanotasitwas,butas,inanunrealizedscheme,heintendedittobe.MrCotte,whowasaskedbytheLouvretocreateadigitalimageofthepainting,istheinventorofthemultispectralcamera:adevicethatcandetectnotonlythedrawingbelowthesurfaceofanoilpaintingbutalsointermediatelayersofwork.Itwasamongthese,underwhatappearstobeapointedrock,thathefoundapreparatorysketch(草圖)showingthatdaVinciintendedittorepresentacastellatedtower.Thelandscapeofthe“MonaLisa”alsoincludesahugeoverhangingprecipice(懸崖).ThatissimilartoonethatdaVinciincludedinask