適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高考題型組合練Unit3Theworldofscience課件外研版必修第三冊

Unit3

TheworldofscienceⅠ.閱讀理解ⅠⅡⅢⅣAChinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.AstudypublishedinthejournalNature

GeosciencelastweekrevealedsoilsamplescollectedbyChina’sChang’e-5lunarprobecontainedimpactglassbeadsthatheldwaterintheformofhydroxyl——amoleculeconsistingofoneoxygenatomandonehydrogenatom.Hydroxylion(離子)isoneofthemostcommonionsfoundinwater.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheseglassbeadsarecreatedwhenmeteoroids(流星體)hitthemoon’ssurface,throwinguphotmoltendroplets(熔滴)whichthencoolandturnsolid.Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.Whileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.Fordecades,scientiststhoughtthemoonwasbonedryuntildiscoveriesinrecentyearsrevealeditssoilcouldholdwater.“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisⅠⅡⅢⅣquitesubstantial,thoughitpalesincomparisontotheamountofwaterintheearth’soceans,”saidHuSen,aresearcherfromtheInstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneofthekeyscientistsbehindthestudy.Thesefindingsnotonlyprovideinsightontheorigins,storage,andtransportationofwateroncelestial(天空的)bodieswithoutatmospheres,buttheyalsomayprovehelpfulforplanningandbuildingasustainablehumanhabitatontheseplanets,headded.ⅠⅡⅢⅣHowever,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.Thestudypresentedseveralpotentialsources,includingsolarwindimplantation,thereleaseoftrappedgaswhenthemoonwashotandvolcanicallyactive,anddeliverybycometsandasteroids.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述中國科學(xué)家在月球上發(fā)現(xiàn)了水存在的證據(jù)。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatistheuseoftheglassbeads?A.Absorbingwater.B.Dryingwater.C.Creatingwater.D.Recyclingwater.答案

A

解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“They

function

like

a

sponge,soaking

up

hydrogen

atoms

carried

by

the

solar

wind

to

form

hydroxyl,thus

playing

an

important

role

in

the

water

cycle

of

the

lunar

surface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Themoonwasadryplacefordecades.B.Themoonholdsasmuchwaterastheearthdoes.C.Scientistsdiscoveredthemooncouldstorewater.D.Theamountofwateronthemooniscomparativelylarge.答案

D

解析

段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段首句“While

each

bead

only

holds

a

tiny

amount

of

water,these

glass

balls

can

be

seen

everywhere

on

the

moon

and

researchers

estimated

lunar

soils

could

store

as

much

as

270

billion

metric

tons

of

water.”以及“The

moon

potentially

holding

270

billion

metric

tons

of

water

is

quite

substantial”可知,本段主要說明月球中的含水量相對來說還是比較大的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Trappedgasshouldbereleased.B.Furtherresearchneedstobedone.C.Watersourceshavebeenidentified.D.Solarwindwasimplantedonthemoon.答案

B

解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“However,the

specific

origins

of

the

water

on

the

lunar

surface

remain

a

mystery.”可知,科學(xué)家還要做進(jìn)一步的研究找到水的來源。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FutureHabitatforHumans:theMoonB.NewDiscovery:GlassBeadsontheMoonC.NewFindings:WaterontheLunarSurfaceD.FutureMissions:China’sChang’eLunarProbes答案

C

解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Chinese

scientists

have

discovered

a

new

water

reservoir

on

the

moon

in

the

form

of

glass

beads(珠子),which

could

have

major

significance

for

finding

out

the

water

content

of

the

earth’s

only

natural

satellite

and

potentially

extracting

them

to

support

future

lunar

missions.”可知,這篇文章主要講在月球上發(fā)現(xiàn)了水。因此C項“新發(fā)現(xiàn):月球表面有水”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBThenewWebbtelescopehasdiscoveredwhatappeartobegalaxies(星系)thatdatebacktowithin600millionyearsoftheBigBang.Thesixnewlydiscoveredobjectssuggestthattheearlyuniversemayhavebeendevelopingunexpectedlyfasttoproducethesehugegalaxies.Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,”leadresearcherIvoLabbeofAustralia’sSwinburneUniversityofTechnologysaid.“Butthesesixgalaxiesarefast-trackingtomaturity.Whythisisthecaseorhowthisworksisunknown.”

ⅠⅡⅢⅣAccordingtothereport,whichwaspublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday,eachofthesixobjectsweighsbillionsoftimesmorethanoursun.Inoneofthem,thetotalweightofallitsstarsmaybeasmuchas100billiontimesgreaterthanoursun.ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity’sJoelLeja,whoalsotookpartinthestudy,said,“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣThesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafromthe$10billionWebbtelescope,whichwasjustlaunchedoverayearago.UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(紅外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.Scientistshopetoeventuallyobservethefirststarsandgalaxiesformedfollowingthecreationoftheuniverse13.8billionyearsago.Theresearchersarestillwaitingforofficialconfirmation.“It’spossiblethatafewoftheobjectsmightnotbegalaxies,butblackholes.OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”Labbesaid.“Nextyearitwilltellus.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個疑似星系。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whatisspecialaboutthesixnewlydetectedobjects?A.Theirage.

B.Theircolor.C.Theirsize. D.Theirshape.答案

C

解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段提到“While

the

new

telescope

has

spotted

even

older

galaxies,dating

to

within

300

million

years

of

the

beginning

of

the

universe,it’s

the

size

of

these

six

galaxies

that

shock

the

researchers.”可知,這六個星系的尺寸是其特別之處,因此讓研究人員震驚。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“fast-trackingtomaturity”inparagraph3mean?A.Turningquickly.B.Circlingsmoothly.C.Travellingfast.D.Growingrapidly.答案

D

解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞組前“Most

galaxies

in

this

era

are

still

small

and

only

gradually

growing

larger

over

time,...But...”可推斷,fast-tracking

to

maturity與growing

rapidly所表達(dá)的意思相同。故選D項。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwotelescopes?A.HubblecanseefurtherthanWebb.B.WebbismorepowerfulthanHubble.C.WebbismuchcheaperthanHubble.D.HubbleisrelativelybiggerthanWebb.答案

B

解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段提到“Unlike

Hubble,the

bigger

and

more

powerful

Webb

can

see

through

clouds

of

dust

with

its

infrared(紅外的)

vision

and

discover

galaxies

previously

undetected.”可知,韋伯望遠(yuǎn)鏡比哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡更強(qiáng)大。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.WhatdoesIvoLabbemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thedatamightnotbecomplete.B.Theresearcherswillbedisappointed.C.HedoesnotagreewithJoelLeja.D.ThenewWebbtelescopeisunreliable.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案

A

解析

推理判斷題。第五段最后一句提到“What

we

found

is

so

unexpected

that

it

actually

creates

problems

for

science

and

it

might

call

the

whole

picture

of

early

galaxy

formation

into

question.”第六段提到“These

galaxy

observations

were

among

the

first

set

of

data

from...”及最后一段的“One

early

lesson

from

Webb

is

to

let

go

of

our

expectations

and

be

ready

to

be

surprised”可知,韋伯望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀測的結(jié)果受到了質(zhì)疑。由此推知,Ivo

Labbe擔(dān)心第一批數(shù)據(jù)可能不完整。故選A項。Ⅱ.七選五ⅠⅡⅢⅣArecentstudyfoundthatonlyeightpercentofpeopleactuallyendupachievingtheirnewyear’sresolution.Here’sacoupleoftipsandtricksonhowtodojustthat.

1

.

Noonehaseversaid“oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear”andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike“I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣChoose

resolutions

wisely.

2

.Themajorityofresolutionsinvolvesomesortofhabitchanges,andhabitchangeshaveahugeconsumptiononyourbody’swillpower.Willpowerislikeabatterythatneedstoberechargedeverynight.Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.

Write

your

resolutions

down.Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.

3

.Youcanwritedowneveryresolutionfortheentireyear.Everytimeyoulookatit,youwillfeelatremendousamountofpressuretomakesurethatyoucontinuetokeepyourresolution.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣDon’t

tell

anyone

about

your

new

year’s

resolution.Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.

4

Find

yourself

an

accountability

buddy.Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthethingsthatyoupromisedyourselfthatyouwoulddo.

5

.Atthesametime,youhelpthemkeepthemselvesinlinestoo!

ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.HaveaplanB.KeephealthyC.Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutionsD.ItcreatespressureforyoutocompleteitE.It’sinterestinghowphysicalacontractcanfeelF.It’ssomebodywhohelpsyoukeepyourselfinlineG.ThiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehandⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了實現(xiàn)新年決心的建議和技巧。1.A

根據(jù)下文“No

one

has

ever

said‘oh,I’m

going

to

be

healthier

this

year’and

the

next

day

wake

up

healthy.There

has

to

be

a

plan,goals,and

actions

that

need

to

be

taken.So

you

can

say

something

like‘I’m

going

to

go

to

the

gym

every

other

day

this

year.’”可知,本段主要講要制定計劃,A項“Have

a

plan(有一個計劃)”是最佳標(biāo)題。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.C

小標(biāo)題“Choose

resolutions

wisely.”提出要明智選擇新年決心,C項“Don’t

choose

too

many

resolutions”承接上文,說明新年決心不能太多,需要挑選,下文“When

you

have

too

many

resolutions,the

burden

on

this

battery

causes

it

to

run

out

before

you

have

a

chance

to

recharge

it.”解釋了選擇不能太多的原因,上下文語意連貫。故選C項。3.D

小標(biāo)題“Write

your

resolutions

down.”提出寫下自己的決心,上文“This

makes

the

resolution

feel

like

a

contract.”和D項“It

creates

pressure

for

you

to

complete

it”一起說明了要寫下決心的原因:寫下決心就像簽了一份合同,它會給你壓力去完成它。上下文語意連貫。故選D項。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.G

上文“Usually,when

you

talk

about

something

that

you

haven’t

accomplished,you

will

trick

your

brain

into

visualizing

a

situation

where

you

have

accomplished

it.”提出談?wù)撨€沒有完成的事情會讓大腦受欺騙,想象出已經(jīng)完成計劃的場景,G項“This

causes

you

to

lose

tons

of

motivation

that

you

had

beforehand”承接上文,說明這件事情的后果:失去動力。上下文語意連貫。故選G項。5.F

上文“An

accountability

buddy

is

somebody

who

makes

sure

that

you’re

going

out

there

every

single

day,and

doing

the

things

that

you

promised

yourself

that

you

would

do.”提出“負(fù)責(zé)任的伙伴”這一角色,F項“It’s

somebody

who

helps

you

keep

yourself

in

line”承接上文,繼續(xù)介紹“負(fù)責(zé)任的伙伴”的作用,說明要找一個“負(fù)責(zé)任的伙伴”的原因。故選F項。Ⅲ.語法填空ⅠⅡⅢⅣChinaaddedalaboratorytoitspermanentorbitingspacestationonJuly25,2022asitmovedtowardcompletingthestructureincoming1._________

(month).

TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebaseonthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwith2.

largecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching.After13hoursofflight,it3.

(successful)docked(對接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.,4.

hadbeenlaunchedbeforetheWentianlabmodule.

months

asuccessfully

which

ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheWentianwasdesigned5.

scienceandbiologyexperiments,anditsfeatureisthatthe23-tonlabmodulewas6.

(heavy)thananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.Itwasfollowedbyasecondlabmodule,theMengtian,sentonOctober31,2022.Threeastronauts7.

(be)thenlivinginthecoremodule(核心艙)onasix-monthmissionandoversawtheWentian’s8.

(arrive)anddocking.

for

heavier

were

arrival

ⅠⅡⅢⅣALongMarch5B-Y3rocket,China’smost9.

(power),carriedthemoduleinthethirdsuchlaunchsincetheChinesespacestationentereditsconstructionstage.IttookplaceaftertheTianzhou-classcargo(貨物)spacecraftandtheShenzhou-14crewedspacecraft.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,10.

(make)itonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.

powerful

making

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說