新概念英語第三冊(cè)Lesson-4-知識(shí)講解(具體、含練習(xí)及答案)

新概念英語第三冊(cè)Lesson4ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn):本課書重點(diǎn)詞匯、句型詞匯辨析：getmarried與bemarried；invent、discover、find與create關(guān)于“倍數(shù)”的表達(dá)；too...to.../so...that的表達(dá)等難點(diǎn)：worth的用法教學(xué)目標(biāo)：能理解課文大意、掌握課文中重點(diǎn)詞匯、句型能辨析相關(guān)近義詞匯理解worth的用法、記住worth的用法誤區(qū)教學(xué)過程：【生詞、短語學(xué)習(xí)】doubleadj.兩倍的,雙重的manualadj.體力的〔=physicaladj.身體的,物質(zhì)的〕manual

work體力工作=physicalworkmental

work腦力工作例句：體力工作和腦力工作都需要能量。有時(shí)腦力工作比體力勞動(dòng)更消耗能量。collarn.衣領(lǐng)white-collaradj.白領(lǐng)階層的,腦力勞動(dòng)者〔thosewhodo

mental

work〕blue-collaradj藍(lán)領(lǐng)階級(jí)的,工人階級(jí)的〔thosewhodo

manual

work〕gethot

underthe

collar怒氣沖天例句：Hegothotunderthecollarwhenheknewthattheylaughedathim.當(dāng)他知道他們嘲笑他的時(shí)候，他怒氣沖天。sacrificevt.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出〔to

give

up

for

good

purpose〕--sacrifice

one's

life

for

the

country為國(guó)家獻(xiàn)身--sacrifice

time犧牲時(shí)間、奉獻(xiàn)時(shí)間sacrificen.犧牲〔--make

many

sacrifices〕即學(xué)即用：偉大的人往往不在意為別人奉獻(xiàn)一切。過去的犧牲使他贏得了別人的尊重。privilegen.好處〔=advantagen.優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件,利益〕--sacrifice

one's

advantage/privilege犧牲掉某人的好處privilegen.特權(quán),特別待遇〔=special

right〕--give

sbthe

privilege

of

doing

sth特許某人做某事privilegeda.榮幸的=honored--Weareprivilegedtonighttohaveourheadmasterasourspeaker.即學(xué)即用：能出席你的婚禮我感到很榮幸。公司要開展的好，就不能給任何人特權(quán)。你愿意義務(wù)地幫助窮人嗎？dustmann.清潔工corporationn.公司=companyindustry企業(yè)、工業(yè)overallsn.工作服showern.淋浴secretn.秘密adj.秘密的,隱秘的confidentialadj.機(jī)密的keepsth

secret保密--It's

between

you

and

me.此事只介于你我之間。--I'll

keep

it

to

myself.我會(huì)保守秘密的。in

secret私下里〔=secretly,in

private,privately〕--I

was

told

about

it

in

secret.in

the

secret知道內(nèi)情--He

was

in

the

secret

from

the

beginning即學(xué)即用：他那么有信心，一定知道內(nèi)情。在座的每個(gè)人務(wù)必保守這件事。雖然他們是師生，但私底下卻是好朋友。statusn.地位〔=social

position〕statuen.雕像,塑像〔Lesson3〕risen.發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)lossn.損失fellown.伙伴,朋友,同事adj.同伴的,同事的,同道的【課文講解】1.These

days,

people

who

do

manual

work

often

receive

far

more

money

than

people

whowork

in

offices.people

who

do

manual

work=blue-collar

workerspeoplewhodo

mental

work=white-collar

workers=people

who

work

in

officesfor

more

money〔far副詞用來加強(qiáng)語氣=much〕例句：高尚的〔gracious〕窮人比勢(shì)利的夫人更值得讓人尊重。2.People

who

work

in

offices

are

frequently

referred

to

as

"white-collar

workers'

for

thesimple

reason

that

they

usually

wear

a

collar

and

tie

to

go

to

work.refer

to...as

=

regard...as把...看作為--I

always

refer

to

him

as

bookworm〔n.書呆子〕for

the

simple

reason=for

引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句 “出于這個(gè)原因”for

the

reason

that〔后加從句〕多用于正式文體，because多用于口語中。--Heisreferredtoasabookwormforthesimplereasonthathesparenoeffortsreading.--Hewassenttoprisonforhecouldnotpayhisdebts.即學(xué)即用：努力奮斗的人更容易被視為成功者?！灿枚ㄕZ從句表達(dá)〕因?yàn)樗獗┰?，所以他老婆跟他離婚了?！瞘etdivorcedwithsb〕出于這個(gè)原因，他決定一覽長(zhǎng)城。3.Such

is

human

nature,

that

a

great

many

people

are

often

willing

to

sacrifice

higher

pay

for

the

privilege

of

becoming

white-collar

workers.human

nature人性such...that...〔that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明such的根本內(nèi)涵〕--His

kindness

was

such

that

we

will

never

forget

him.=Such

was

his

kindnessthatwe

will

never

forget

him.〔such在句首要倒裝〕=Hewassokindthat

we

will

never

forget

him.--Such

is

human

nature

that

we

want

to

get

a

lot

of

things

free.〔進(jìn)一步說明是什么樣的humannature〕介詞for表示一種目的be

willing

to

do

sth=be

ready

to

do

sth心甘情愿做beunwillingtodosth不愿意做某事例句：不愿意為別人犧牲時(shí)間的人往往很難取得成功。這就是他的精神，不管做什么事情都永不言棄。4.This

can

give

rise

to

curious

situations,

as

it

did

in

the

case

of

Alfred

Bloggs

who

worked

asa

dustman

for

the

Ellesmere

Corporation.give

rise

to=〔leadtov.導(dǎo)致,通向〕表示“導(dǎo)致、引起”的詞匯還有：resultin、cause--Such

conduct

might

give

rise

to

misunderstandings.這種行為會(huì)引起誤解。--The

bad

conditions

have

given

rise

to

a

lot

of

crimes.不良的環(huán)境引起了犯罪。in

the

case

of就...來說,關(guān)于,就...而言〔=concerningprep.關(guān)于,涉及,就...說〕--Stealing

isno

shame

in

the

case

of

him.偷竊對(duì)他來說不是一件可恥的事。in

case

of〔副詞〕萬一,以防〔incaseconj.萬一〕incaseof+名詞以防萬一incasethat+句子--You

should

ensure

your

house

in

case

of

fire.〔ensurevt.保證;擔(dān)保,保險(xiǎn)〕--Takeumbrellaincaseofrain帶上雨傘以防下雨。who引導(dǎo)定語從句即學(xué)即用：帶上雨傘以防下雨。〔用that引導(dǎo)從句〕我們不得不小心謹(jǐn)慎以防意外事情的發(fā)生。條條大道通羅馬。他永不屈服的精神使他戰(zhàn)勝了病痛。5.When

he

got

married,

Alf

was

too

embarrassed

to

say

anything

to

his

wife

about

his

job.too

embarrassed

to

say太為難而沒有說明be

ashamed

of感到羞愧,慚愧--Alfwasashamedofhisjobasadustman.Sbis/aretoo+adj+todosth=sbis/sreso+adj+that+從句太……了以至于不能……Itistoo+adj+forsbtodosth對(duì)某人來說太……了以至于不能……--Heistootiredtowalkanylonger.他太累了，再也走不動(dòng)了。=Heissotiredthathecouldn’twalkanylonger.--Itwastoodifficultforhimtofinishthetaskwithin2days,butheisabletodothateasilynow.在過去，對(duì)他來說在兩天內(nèi)完成任務(wù)太難了，但現(xiàn)在他能輕松地做到。marry強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作--He

married

the

girl.他娶了這個(gè)女孩。get

married強(qiáng)調(diào)過程--Lastyeartheygotmarried.be

married

〔to

sb〕強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)--The

old

man

has

been

married

to

his

wife

for

50

years.即學(xué)即用：他已經(jīng)結(jié)婚五年了。你打算什么時(shí)候結(jié)婚呢？這部電影太感人了，以至于所有人都流淚了。對(duì)我們來說，在1小時(shí)內(nèi)寫1篇作文不是難事。6.He

simply

told

her

that

he

worked

for

the

Corporation.simply副詞--用來修飾限定動(dòng)詞told，“僅僅”--JeanValjeanwasputintoprisonjustforthereasonthathehadstolenapieceofbread.冉阿讓被判入獄，僅僅是因?yàn)樗盗艘粔K面包。7.Every

morning,

he

left

home

dressed

in

a

smart

black

suit.dressed

in

a

smart

black

suit穿上一身漂亮的黑色西裝dressed分詞作狀語=wearing--He

go

to

work

dressed

in

a

beautiful

coat.--He

left

home

wearing

a

smart

black

suit.即學(xué)即用：那天他穿著一套極其奇怪的衣服去火車站。那天他穿著一套極其奇怪的衣服。8.He

then

changed

into

overalls

and

spent

the

next

eight

hours

as

a

dustman.changed

into換上、變?yōu)閏hangebackinto換回剎那間，天氣由晴轉(zhuǎn)陰。春天到了，樹木又重新綠了起來。9.Before

returning

home

at

night.

He

took

a

shower

and

changed

back

into

his

suit.Before

returning

home=Before

he

returned

homebefore和動(dòng)名詞搭配,相當(dāng)于before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如果運(yùn)用動(dòng)名詞形式，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語必須是主句的主語--After

getting

home,he

had

a

good

rest.--Before

having

dinner,he

finished

all

his

homework.takeashower淋浴、洗澡=takeabath即學(xué)即用：Beforegettingdark,hegottothetrainstation.〔改正病句〕在見到你之前，我已經(jīng)聽說你那天會(huì)去圖書館。Alfdid

this

for

over

two

years

and

his

fellow

dustmen

kept

his

secret.Alf's

wife

has

never

discovered

that

she

married

a

dustman

and

she

never

will,

for

Alf

has

just

found

another

job.He

will

soon

be

working

in

an

office.she

never

will=she

will

never

discover

the

secret在省略句式中,never要放在助動(dòng)詞之前--“will

you

go

to

see

her?”--“I

will

never

to

to

see

her"="No,I

never

will."discover發(fā)現(xiàn)辨析：invent--discover-find-createinvent創(chuàng)造〔過去不存在的事物〕、編造、捏造discover發(fā)現(xiàn)〔本來就存在卻不為人所知的〕find發(fā)現(xiàn)、得到、找到create經(jīng)過努力/勞動(dòng)使事物從無到有。create主要意思是“創(chuàng)造”，即產(chǎn)生新的東西，其對(duì)象往往是精神上的。如藝術(shù)、文學(xué)作品中的人物以及新的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域等，也可指創(chuàng)造出新的具體事物。invent主要意思是“創(chuàng)造”，是指產(chǎn)生前所未有的東西，其對(duì)象往往是物質(zhì)性的。inventionn.創(chuàng)造inventorn.創(chuàng)造家discover主要意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其對(duì)象是一直存在但以往未被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)或了解的東西。如元素、地域或客觀規(guī)律等。discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverern.發(fā)現(xiàn)者find主要意思是“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到喪失的人或物”，或指“感到”。即學(xué)即用:①TheideathatGod______theworldiswrong.②ThomasEdison______thefirstsmallelectriclamp.③Theynever______howtoopenthisbox.④Iwasverysurprisedto______youwereinthebus.11.He

will

be

earning

only

half

as

much

as

he

used

to,

but

he

feels

that

his

rise

in

status

is

wellworth

the

loss

of

money.half

as

much

ashalf/a

quarter/twice/three

times+as...as...表示倍數(shù)--I

won't

marry

a

man

who

is

twice

as

old

as

me.--We

got

three

times

as

many

people

as

we

expected.--This

room

is

about

three

times

as

large

as

that

one.是...的幾倍：...as+形容詞或副詞原形+as...比...多幾倍：...times+形容詞或副詞比擬級(jí)+than…--This

road

is

four

times

longer

than

that

one.這條路是那條路的5倍長(zhǎng)。=This

road

is

five

times

as

long

as

that

one.What

he

obtained

is

well

worth

the

loss

of

time.他的所得是值得花時(shí)間的。well

副詞用來加強(qiáng)語氣,修飾形容詞worth即學(xué)即用：這本書是那本書的3倍厚。〔用兩種方法表達(dá)〕他現(xiàn)在住在東莞，東莞是廣州的三分之一大。跟“倍數(shù)”有關(guān)的表達(dá)法還有："A+be+倍數(shù)+the+計(jì)量名詞+of+B"例句：Afriendofminewasmakingtwicethesalaryofcollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearinthatcompany.我的一個(gè)朋友在那個(gè)公司工作的第一年掙的錢就已經(jīng)是大學(xué)教師薪水的兩倍了?！?〕"The+計(jì)量名詞+of+A+be+倍數(shù)+that+of+B"例句：Intightturnsandrecoveringfromdives,theforceitcanpullisninetimesthatofgravity.在急轉(zhuǎn)彎和俯沖后拉升時(shí)，他的拉力能到達(dá)重力的9倍。〔3〕表示增長(zhǎng)的倍數(shù)比擬關(guān)系可以用“動(dòng)詞+by+數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)”來表達(dá)。例句：Ghana’spopulationhasbeengrowingby3.2percentayear.加納的人口一直在以每年3.2%的速度增長(zhǎng)。From

now

on,

he

will

wear

a

suit

all

day

and

others

will

call

him

'Mr.

Bloggs',

not

'Alf'.fromnowon從現(xiàn)在開始fromthenon從那時(shí)開始【難點(diǎn)把握】worth〔值得〕的用法◆用法一：犯不上跟她生氣。誤：She’snotworthtogetangrywith.正：She’snotworthgettingangrywith.析：(be)worth后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞不能用不定式，而用動(dòng)名詞。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語中也可改用形式主語it，如上面的誤句也可改為：Itisn’tworthgettingangrywithher.再如：Thefilmisworthseeing./Itisworthseeingthefilm.(這部電影值得看)?！粲梅ǘ哼@本書很不錯(cuò)，值得再讀一遍。誤：Thebookisexcellent.It’sworthreadingasecondtime.正：Thebookisexcellent.It’sworthbeingreadasecondtime.析：(be)worth后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，即使該動(dòng)名詞具有被動(dòng)意味，也總是用主動(dòng)形式?！粲梅ㄈ哼@個(gè)博物館值得你去看看。誤：Youareworthvisitingthemuseum.正：Itisworthyourwhilevisiting[tovisit]themuseum.析：如以上兩例所析，worth后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，但是注意這類結(jié)構(gòu)有以下特點(diǎn)：①句子主語通常就是其后動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語；②假設(shè)句子主語不是其后動(dòng)名詞的邏輯賓語，那么其主語就應(yīng)是形式主語it。另外注意：與worth后接動(dòng)詞必須用動(dòng)名詞不一樣，worth(one’s)while后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用動(dòng)名詞也可用不定式(且這類句型的主語通常是形式主語it〕。◆用法四：這個(gè)方案很值得一試。誤：Theschemeisveryworthatry.正：Theschemeiswellworthatry.析：要加強(qiáng)worth的語氣，習(xí)慣上不用very，而通常用well?！粲梅ㄎ澹哼@臺(tái)腦不值你付的那些錢。誤：Thecomputerisnotvalue[valuable]whatyoupaid.正：Thecomputerisnotworthwhatyoupaid.析：value＝價(jià)值(是名詞)，valuable＝有價(jià)值的(是形容詞)，兩者均不能后接what從句。而worth(值得……的)后面可以加名詞短語、帶邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞以及what從句。即學(xué)即用：長(zhǎng)城值得游覽?！灿脙煞N方法〕他不值你為他說的那些話。西湖值得你去看看。〔用兩種方法〕【課后作業(yè)】“倍數(shù)”練習(xí)將以下句子譯成英語。根底練習(xí)1.他的手有孩子手的四倍大小。2.他們的屋子大約是我們的三倍大小。3.資費(fèi)一般是固定的2到4倍。提高練習(xí)1.這個(gè)熱電站比那個(gè)熱電站大三倍。2.鐵的重量幾乎是鋁的三倍。3.新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)為以前的四倍大。通過玻璃傳輸?shù)募す獍l(fā)射光可以傳送高達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)線25萬倍的數(shù)據(jù)。單詞提示：玻璃glassfiber、lasershooting激光射線、線telephonewire二、時(shí)態(tài)綜合訓(xùn)練〔〕1.I

like

my

new

bike.

It

______

very

well.

A

rides

B.

is

riding

C.

is

ridden

D.

has

ridden

〔〕2.Cotton

______

nice

and

soft.

A.

is

felt

B.

is

feeling

C.

feel

D.

feels

〔〕3.The

world

______.

Things

never

stay

the

same.

A.

changes

B.

is

changing

C.

was

changing

D.

will

change〔〕4.---

Have

you

ever______

Lintong

to

see

the

Terra

Cotta

Warriors?

---

Yes,

I

have.

A.

went

to

B.

gone

to

C.

been

in

D.

been

to

〔〕5.I'm

sorry

you've

missed

the

train,

It______10

minutes

ago.

A.

left

B.

has

left

C.

had

left

D.

has

been

left

〔〕6.

---

Who

cleaned

the

blackboard

yesterday,

Dick?

---

John

____________.

A.

cleaned

B.

does

C.

did

D.

is

〔〕7.—Mum?

May

I

go

out

and

play

basketball?

—______

you_____

your

homework

yet?

A.

Do;

finish

B.

Are;

finishing

C.

Did;

finish

D.

Have;

finished

〔〕8.—Oh,

Mrs

King,

your

necklace

looks

nice.

Is

it

new?

—No,

I______

it

for

two

years.

A.

had

B.

have

had

C.

bought

D.

have

bought

〔〕9.—Will

your

mother______

you

if

you______

the

English

exam?

—Of

course

not.

Because

I

am

trying

my

best.

A.

be

angry

with,

don't

pass

B.

be

angry

with,

won't

pass

C.

be

angry

to,

don't

pass

D.

be

angry

to,

won't

pass〔〕10.Listen!

Some

of

the

girls

__________

about

Harry

Potter

.

Let's

join

them!

A.are

talking

B.

talk

C.

will

talk

D.

talked

〔〕11.Our

teacher

,

Miss

Chen,

__________

English

on

the

radio

the

day

before

yesterday.

A.

teaches

B.

taught

C.

will

teach

D.

had

taught

〔〕12.I

don't

think

I

__________

you

in

that

dress

before.

A.

have

seen

B.

was

seeing

C.

saw

D.

see

〔〕13.

She

will

have

a

holiday

as

soon

as

she

___________

the

work

next

week.

A.

finishes

B.

doesn't

finish

C.

will

finish

D.

won't

finish

〔〕14.---Where

is

Mr

Green

now

?

I

haven't

seen

him

for

a

few

days.

---He

___________

to

Hong

Kong.

A.

goes

B.

will

go

C.

is

going

D.

has

gone

〔〕15.

When

she

was

22

years

old,

her

dream

to

be

a

teacher

____________.

A.

came

true

B.

come

true

C.

came

real

D.

come

real

〔〕16.-I

won't

come

to

the

party

unless

Sue

______,

too.

-You

mean

if

Sue

comes

you'll

come?

A.will

invite

B.

invites

C.

invited

D.

is

invited

〔〕17.-Do

you

still

have

a

headache,

Billy?

-No,

it's

______.

I'm

all

right

now,

mum.

A

.dropped

B.

run

C.

left

D.

gone

〔〕18.-What

are

on

show

in

the

museum?

-Some

photos

______

by

African

children.

A.

are

taken

B.

were

taken

C.

taken

D.

have

been

taken〔〕19.A

talk

on

Chinese

history

___

in

the

school

hall

next

week.

A.

be

given

B.

has

been

given

C.

will

be

given

D.

will

give

〔〕20.

You

may

go

fishing

if

your

work

____________.

A.

is

done

B.

will

be

done

C.

has

done

D.

have

done

〔〕21.

The

Olympic

Games,

first

celebrated

in

Athens

in

1896,

every

four

years

_______sofar

thiscentury,

except

during

the

two

world

wars.

A.

are

held

B.

were

held

C.

have

been

held

D.

had

been

held

〔〕22．A

new

cinema

____here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

〔〕23The

new

suspension

bridge

___by

the

end

of

last

month.A.has

been

designed

B.

had

been

designed

C.

was

designed

D.

would

be

designed

〔〕24．Visitors

______not

to

touch

the

exhibits.

A.

will

request

B.

request

C.

are

requesting

D.

are

requested

〔〕25.—

Were

they

good

to