Unit4Agoodread知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)語法-牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

8BUnit4Agoodread知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)+語法精講1、decidewhattodowiththesebooks決定如何處理這些書【動(dòng)詞+特殊疑問詞+todosth.】=decidehowtodealwiththesebooks2、★Germany(n.)德國→German(n.)德國人，復(fù)數(shù)：Germans3、improvemyknowledgeofthepast提高我的歷史知識(shí)★know→knowledge【不可數(shù)名詞】4、crashagainsttherocks撞在巖石上【crash不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞】【回顧】crashintoatree猛撞到一棵樹上【重點(diǎn)】against介詞：靠例句：standagainstthedoor靠著門站立迎著例句：runagainstthestrongwind迎著大風(fēng)奔跑對(duì)抗例句：playagainstthefootballteamfromJapan與來自日本的足球隊(duì)打比賽反對(duì)例句：Iamagainsthisplan.我反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃。反義詞：for贊成違反例句：dosomethingagainstthelaw做了違反法律的事5、IswamasfastasIcould.BythetimeIfinallyfeltthelandundermyfeet,Iwastiredout.我盡可能向遠(yuǎn)處游。當(dāng)我的腳感觸到地面時(shí)，我筋疲力盡了。①bythetime....到…時(shí)候?yàn)橹?…當(dāng)……的時(shí)候②betiredout精疲力盡6、falldownonthebeach摔倒在海灘上fallover摔倒(尤指被…絆倒;意外地從…上跌落）7、★stomach→復(fù)數(shù)：stomachs8、★until用法：until用于肯定句或否定句，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句（主將從現(xiàn)）。要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是短動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式；例句：Iwillnotleaveuntilheesback.（leave是短動(dòng)詞）(not…until意為“直到……才……”)Ididn’tgohomeuntilIfinishedmyhomework.【主句從句均為過去時(shí)】如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是長動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則常用肯定形式。例句：Iwillwaituntilheesback.（wait是長動(dòng)詞）9、bethesamesizeasmylittlefinger和小手指一樣大小=beasbigasmylittlefinger10、continuemovingacrossmybody繼續(xù)在我的身上移動(dòng)★①continuedoingsth.=continuetodosth.=goonwithsth.=goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）★②goontodosth.繼續(xù)做某事（做另一件事）11、Ididnotknowwhattosayeither.我也不知道該說什么。12、★either用法：（1）表示“也”，用于否定句，也too相對(duì)應(yīng)。Tomdoesn'tlikefootball,Idon't,likeeither.=Tomdoesn'tlikefootball,neither/nordoI.Tomlikesfootball,Ilikefootball,too.=Tomlikesfootball,sodoI.（2）表示“二者中的（任）一個(gè)”。Ihaveonlyoneticket.Eitherofyoucangototheconcert.Youcanseemanytreesoneither/eachsideoftheroad.（3）either...or....表示“或者...或者...，不是...就是...”，就近原則！?。　itheryouorLucyiswrong.13、Itriedtopullonehandfreeandfinallymanagedtobreaktheropes.我嘗試想掙脫一只手，最后想方設(shè)法掙斷了繩子。pullonehandfree空出一只手★managetodosth.設(shè)法完成某事（并取得成功）【語法】特殊疑問詞+todosth.【特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定放動(dòng)詞后作賓語（或主語），可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句】①第一種：動(dòng)詞+特殊疑問詞+todosth.Eg:Milliehasdecidedwhattodo.【whattodo作decide賓語】【what疑問代詞，作及物動(dòng)詞do的賓語】Idon’tknowhowtodoit.【how為疑問代詞，不能做do的賓語，加it作do賓語】Danieldidnotsaywhototalkto/withaboutthisbook.【★talk不及物動(dòng)詞，后面要加介詞】=2\*GB3②第二種：動(dòng)詞+賓語+特殊疑問詞+todosth.【動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語】例句：MrWuadviseduswhichtochooseasafterschoolactivities.【S+V+IO+DO】Thestudentsaskedtheirteacherwhentohandintheirwork.【S+V+IO+DO】Millieshoweduswhattodonext.【S+V+IO+DO】Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseaputertodraw.【S+V+IO+DO】=3\*GB3③第三種：動(dòng)詞+（賓語）+特殊疑問詞+名詞+todosth.Theyarediscussingwhichcolourtopaintthewalls.Youcanaskyourparentshowmuchmoneytotakewithyou.④第四種：be+形容詞+特殊疑問詞+todosth.【be+形容詞，系表結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于謂語動(dòng)詞】Suzywasnotsurewhotoaskforhelp.Areyouclearwhentomeetatthegatetomorrow?★【特別區(qū)分】①Hefelloverwhenhewasrunninginthepark.【when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀從】=Hefelloverwhenrunninginthepark.②Idon’tknowwhenIcanplayfootball.【when引導(dǎo)賓語從句】=Idon’tknowwhentoplayfootball.③Whenwewillgoonapicnichasn’tbeendecided.【when引導(dǎo)主語從句】=Whentogoonapicnichasn’tbeendecided.【語法】使用：must和haveto.must必須(主觀意愿或制度/法規(guī))eg:Wemustkeepquietinthelibrary.Wemuststudyhard.mustn’t禁止(制度/法規(guī),語氣強(qiáng)烈)eg:Youmustn’tsmokehere.haveto不得不，必須(客觀需求)eg:Ihavetobringmyumbrellabecauseoftherain.don’thaveto不必=don’tneedto=needn’t例句：Youdon’tneedtohandinthehomeworktoday.Youcanhanditintomorrow.【回顧】MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?No,youneedn’t.Youcanhanditintomorrow.(Yes,youmust.)【must提問，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t和don’thaveto】基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇Boysandgirls,Iwilltellyou________,andyoucandoit________.A．howtodoit;byyourself B．whattodo;byyourselfC．whattodo;onyourown D．howtodo;alone2．—Wow,Wendy,it’scooltomakeashortvideowithyourmobilephone.—JustwithasoftwarecalledJianying.Letmeshowyou________.A．whichtouse B．howtouseitC．whattouse D．whethertouseit3.IhavetroubleworkingouttheMathsproblem.Idon’tknow________forhelp.A．whotoask B．howtoask C．whento D．whatto4.—Whichdressdoyoulikebest,madam?—Sorry,Ican’tdecide________.A．buywhichone B．tobuywhichone C．whichonetobuy D．whichIshouldbuyit5．Thelonelygirlhadfewclosefriends,soshedidn’tknow________abouttheproblem.A．whentotalk B．whototalkto C．howtotalk D．whattotalk6．—IfeellonelybutIdon’tknowwho________.—Whynotturntoyourclassmates?A．totalk B．totalkto C．talksto D．totalkabout7．—Wouldyoupleasegiveussomegoodadviceabouthow________ourlivingenvironment?—Withpleasure.A．improve B．toimprove C．toimproving D．improving8．—Hi,Ellie!Canyoutellmewhen________fortheDisneyland?—Sure,tomorrowafternoon.A．leaves B．leaving C．toleave D．willleave9．WeplantogotoHangzhouonMayDay,butwehaven’tdecided_____.A．wheretogo B．howtogo C．whentogo D．whotogo10．—Haveyoudecided________,Amy?

—Sorry,Ihavetroublemakingdecisions.A．tobuywhichone B．buywhichoneC．whichoneshouldyoubuy D．whichonetobuy11．—Hurryup,Mark!You’dbetter________theroadasquicklyaspossible.—No,you________.Don’tyouseethelightisstillred?A．cross;couldn’t B．tocross;mustn’t C．cross;mustn’t D．tocross;needn’t12．Cars,busesandbikes________stopwhenthetrafficlightschangetored.A．must B．may C．need D．can13．Listenup,boysandgirls.Everyone_________wearamask.Goandbuyoneifyoudon’thaveone.A．can B．may C．must D．could14．—MustIpletethewritingtoday,sir?—No,you________.Youmay________tomorrowmorning.A．mustn’t;handitin B．don’thaveto;handitinC．needn’t;handinit D．can’t;handinit15．—MustIhandinmyDIYjobbefore7o’clock?—No,you________.Youmay________tomorrow.A．needn’t;handinitB．mustn’t;handitinC．don’thaveto;handitin D．mustn’t;handinit詞匯運(yùn)用（23梅嶺期中）66.Speechisthefastestmethodof (交流)betweenpeople.67.Hehasn’tseenhisparentsforalongtime,sohe themverymuch.(想念)68.Hespentabout100 (美元)buyingthispairofshoeslastweek.Nancyisstanding (對(duì)面)mewavingtomehappily.Afterourshipcrashed (碰、撞)therocks,IswamasfarasIcould.71.Themaincharacterinthenovelsailedtheseatolookfor treasure.(hide)72.Haveyouever (speak)toaforeigner?73.Therehavebeen (fly)betweenNanjingandsince2008.74.Broadwayhasbeenfamousforitstheaterssincethe (twenty)75.Readingbooksisagoodwaytoimproveour (know).基礎(chǔ)閱讀完形填空Linlinishelpinghisgrandfathercleanthestoreroom.Suddenlyhefoundtwoold31HisgrandfatherpulledthesetwotelevisionsoutandtoldLinlinthestoryofthem.Thefirstonewasblackandwhite.Itwas32inthe1980s.Atthattime33intheirtownownedaTVexceptthem.Allthefamilieswereexcitedtoseethiselectronicequipment(電子設(shè)備)34itarrived.Grandfatherputatallantenna(天線)ontheroofsothatthey35getthesignals.Allthefamilymembersandsomeneighborsgatheredtogetherto36theTVprograms.Thengrandfatherpointedtothe37one.TheycouldusearemotecontroltoturnonthiscolorTVorchangethe38.Thistelevisionhasbroughtmorehappinesstochildren.39ausefulinventionthetelevisionwas!Manyyearspassed.Televisionshavechangedgreatly40theirbirth.NowLinlincanbothwatchTVprogramsandplaygameson41.Hecanevenusehisvoiceorhisgesturesto42themoderntelevisions.TheyarealsoabletoreplyLinlinsoon.43,Linlincanproject(投射)music,videosandmorefromhismobiledeviceontotheTVscreen.SometimesLinlinhasvideocalls44hisfriends.Linlin45thattelevisionswillbesmarterandsmarter.Doyouagreewithhim?31．A．telephones B．puters C．televisions D．radios32．A．found B．bought C．shut D．invented33．A．a(chǎn)nybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody34．A．when B．if C．though D．unless35．A．must B．should C．need D．could36．A．describe B．make C．watch D．report37．A．first B．second C．third D．fifth38．A．ideas B．directions C．plans D．programs39．A．How B．Where C．What D．Why40．A．since B．until C．before D．a(chǎn)fter41．A．him B．her C．it D．them42．A．control B．produce C．destroy D．train43．A．However B．Besides C．Instead D．Luckily44．A．of B．a(chǎn)gainst C．in D．with45．A．doubts B．wonders C．believes D．decides缺詞填空Whenotherpeopledobadthingsandhurtyou,whatdoyoudo?Forgive(原諒)themo46stayangry?Confucius（孔子）,oneoftheg47teachersinancientChina,showedhisanswertothisquestioninTheAnalectsofConfucius(論語).Ifapersonhurthim,Confuciussaidthathewouldforgivehim.Inhisopinion,peoplearenotp48.Noonecanavoidmakingm49anddoingbadthings.Ifpeoplejustrememberothers’badactionsintheirdailylife,theywillbeeu50andnarrowminded.So,whynotletthebadthingsofthepastgoandlookforwardtothefuture?ThefamoushistorystoryofGuanZhongandDukeHuanofQi(齊桓公)duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodisangoode51forus.GuanZhongoncet52tokillDukeHuanofQi.ButwhenthedukecametounderstandthatGuanhadtheabilitytolookafterhiskingdom,hedidn’tholdontoGuan’spastmistakesandi53forgavehim.So,Guanlosthimselfinhelpingthedukewithallhisheartandsoul.Together,theymadethekingdomb54thanitwas.Butlettinggoofbadthingsinthepastdoesn’tr55meanforgettingthem.Instead,weshouldlearnfromthemsothatwewon’tmakethesamemistakeslater.課后練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇（23梅嶺期中）IsBerlin Europeancity?Itisabeautifulcityin Germany.A.a;/ B.a;the C.an;the D.an;/HaveyouvisitedNancyinrecently?I’veforgottenwhereshe lives.A.closely B.widely C.exactly D.mostlyExcuseme,couldyoupleasetellme ?Iforgotaboutit.Onlyinfiveminutes.You'dbetterhurryupifyoudon'twanttomissthebeginning.A.howsoonwillthefilmbegin B.howsoonthefilmwillbeginC.howlonghasthefilmbeenon D.howlongthefilmhasbeenonWhendidMary John?It threeyearssincetheyfellinlovewitheachother.A.marry;is B.getmarriedwith;hasbeenC.getmarriedto;was D.marryto;isWhendidAndygotoHe thecitysincetwodaysago.A.wentto B.hasgoneto C.hasbeento D.hasbeenindidn'tknow Iwanttoseeyouagain.yearshaspassedsinceIlastsawyou.howmuch B.howlong C.howoften D.howWhichofthefollowingsentencesisanopinion?Mostofmyoldfriendshavemovednoteasytogetusedtothechangesoflifequickly.LastSundaywespentthewholedayatDisneyland.D．KittyisreadingAroundtheinEightHoursthesedays.23.Haveyoufinishedthenovel? .I'mstillworkingonit.already B.Notyet ever D.No,never24.Ahardworkingmanbeeasuccessfulman,butasuccessfulmanbehardworkingman.A.can’t;can B.maynot;can C.can’t;must D.maynot;mustHasyourunclereturnedfromShanghai?he thereforaweekandsayshe there.A.stayed,wasn’tusedtostaying B.hasstayed,didn’tusetostayingC.hasstayed,didn’tusetostay D.stayed,wasn’tusedtostay26.Icandriveyoutothesupermarketifyouwait.No,Iwillwalk.Thanks, .A.too B.otherwise C.anyway D.however27.Whendidyougotobedlastnight? A.Since11o’clock. B.Sincemymothercameback.C.UntilIfinishedmyhomework. D.NotuntilmyfatherreturnedfromworkAreyougoinganywhere?I aboutshoppingwithmum,butnowIhavechangedmymind.A.think B.hadthought C.thought D.havethoughtCouldyoutellmehowmanybooksIcanborrow ?Sorry, atall.Ourputersystemhasbrokendown.atatime,none B.fromtimetotime,nothing C.ontime,none D.attimes,nothing30.Doyoumindmy_ here? .notgoodforanybody.A.smoking;No,ofcoursenot. B.tosmoke;No,goahead.C.smoking;betternot. D.tosmoke;ofcourse.wasahewasdoubtfulwhetherhewouldlivebeyondHeastruggledstartbreathing.Oliverfoughthisfirstbattlewithoutmuchhelpfromtwopeoplepresentathisbirth.Onewasanoldwoman,whowasnearlyalwaysdrunk,otherwasabusylocalnotpaidenough.Oliverhishisoftheby“Let，die.”Thedoctorturnedawaythefire,wherehebeenwarminghismustnottalkaboutdyingyet,”heherHegaveherthechildhold.kissedtheonfellback“Poordear!”saidthenurse,hurriedlyputtingagreenbottlebackthepocketofherlongskirt.Thedoctorbeganputonhiscoat.“Thebabyweakandwillprobablyhave,”He“Ifamilkat“Thewasagoodlookinggirl.Wheredidsheefrom?”"Shewasbroughtherelastnight,"repliedtheoldwoman.“ShewasfoundShe'dwalkeddistance,judgingbyshoes,whichwerewornpieces.from,whereshewasgoingto,orwhathernamewas,nobodyknows.”TheleftweddingIAh!Goodnight.”sowaslefthishehaveaaButhimhewhathewas—孤兒aaofIfhewasahavewassowasaalloftoomuchfoodortoomuchclothing.Mrs.Mann,womanwho"lookedveryexperience.Sheknewwhatwasgoodforchildren,andafullwastheirhealth.Shealsoknewwhatwasgoodforherself,shekeptforherthemoneythatshewasgivenforthechildren'sfood.Thewhowasresponsiblecheckedonthehealthofthechildren,buttheyalwaysthebeadle,aoflocalpoliceman,announcetheirvisitthedaybefore.Sowhenevertheboardarrived,alwaysneatandclean.ThiswasthewayOliverwasbroughtup.attheageofninehewasachildandshortforhisage.ThoughwasoftenbeatenMrs.waswasprobablythereasonwhyhemanagedreachtheageofnineatall.Onfrontatwhoworkedwithupbewaskept43.Accordingthepassage,aworkhousewaswhere______.A.manywomendiedunexpectedlyB.workershelpedeachthepoorD.？A.washimC.Frightenedatthesightoftwo,hestartedD.Afterall,deathwasamoneventtheworkhouse.o