新目標(biāo)人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)期中考試試題及答案

人教新目標(biāo)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)期中考試試題

二、單項(xiàng)選擇15分()26.Kidswon’tgotoschool.Theywillstudy_____home______computers.A.in,inB.at,onC.at,byD.at;from()27.--Willtherebefewertrees?--_______________.A.Yes,therewill.B.Yes,theywill.C.No,therearen’t.D.No,theywon’t.()28.Somescientiststhinkthatitmaytake____________yearstomakerobotslooklikepeople,anddothesamethingsasus.A.hundredsofB.twohundredsofC.twohundreds()29.Ithinkyoushould_______somemoney_______yourfriends.A.borrow;forB.borrow;fromC.lend;fromD.borrow;to()30.Myfriendhasthesamehaircut__________Ido.A.asB.likeC.seemD.lookslike()31.Ifyoubringsnackstotheparty,theteacherswill___________.A.takeitawayB.takethemawayC.takeawayitD.takeawaythem()32.Itisfoggy(多霧的)today.Theplanecan't.A.landB.landedC.takeoffD.takingoff()33.LastyearIwasoftenill,butnowIamgoodhealth.A.atB.ofC.inD.under()34.Lisawassupposedherhomeworkbeforenineo'clock.Butshecouldn't.A.tofinishB.tofinishingC.finishD.finishing()35.Hegoestoschoolearlyonworkdays____SaturdayandSunday.A.exceptB.besidesC.andD.beside()36.We’llstayathomeifit_______tomorrow.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.raining()37.Paultoldushewasn’tmad______Marciaanymore.A.inB.atC.onD.with()38._______theboywaswalkingdownthestreet,theUFOlanded.A.WhileB.AfterC.BeforeD.until()39.TheYellowRiverisoneof________________intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.thelongestriversC.thelongriverD.longrivers()40.Sallyasked________________________.A.howcanshegettothezoo.B.howshecangettothezoo.C.howshecouldgettothezoo.D.wherewasthezoo.三、完形填空〔共10小題，計(jì)10分〕WhenIhadsomethingdifficulttodo，Iusedtoaskmymotherforhelp.Butshealwayssaid，“Doityourself，dear.”Iwasnot41atall.Ithoughtshewasthe42motherintheworld!Forexample，oneday，Idecidedto43somefriendstomyhome.Mybedroomwasnotinorder.Bookswereeverywhere.AndIdidn’tmakethebed.Iaskedmy44tohelpmecleanit，45shestillsaid，“Doityourself，girl.”Becauseofmy“l(fā)azymother”，Ihaveto46myclothesandcleanmyroom.Ihavetohelpmyparents47Ievenhavetogotothedentistbymyself.Itisreallyhardformetodoeverythingwell，butIhavelearned48.Astimegoesby，Iunderstandmymother.Shemakesmecleveranddiligent(勤奮的)49agreatmother!A50motherisworth〔等值于〕onehundredteachers!Don’tyouthinkso?41.A.old B.glad C.thin42.A.tallest B.mostfoolish C.laziest43.A.leave B.invite C.visit44.A.mother B.father C.brother45.A.or B.when C.but46.A.wash B.lead C.knock47.A.dohousework B.goswimming C.gocamping48.A.onshow B.bymistake C.alot49.A.Which B.What C.Who50.A.young B.good C.happy四、閱讀理解〔共20小題，計(jì)30分〕ADoyouknowFeiJunlongandNieHaisheng?FeiJunlongwasbornin1965.HeisaChineseastronautselected〔選拔〕asamemberoftheShenzhouprogram.HewasborninJiangsuandjoinedthePeople’sLiberationArmyAirForce〔中國(guó)人民解放軍空軍〕in1982attheageof17.Andsincethenhehasonlyreturnedhomesixtimes.Asafighterpilot〔戰(zhàn)機(jī)飛行員〕,hewasselectedtoanastronautin1998.HemarriedWangJiein1991andhasoneson.NieHaishengwasborninSeptember1964.HeisalsoaChineseastronautselectedfortheShenzhouprogram.HeisfromHubei.AftergraduatingfromhighschoolhejoinedthePeople’sLiberationArmyAirForce,andbecameafighterpilot.In1998hewasselectedfortheastronautprogram.HewasoneofthethreeastronautswhowereinthefinalgrouptotrainfortheShenzhou5fight.YangLiweiwasalsopickedoutfortheflight,withZhaiAhigang.OnSeptember23,2005itwasreportedthatZhaiandNiewouldbeoneofthethreepairsofastronautswhowouldbeinthefinaltrainingforShenzhou6.Butintheend,FeiandNiewerechosen,andZhaimissedhischancetospaceagain.NieHaishenggotmarriedtoNieJielinandhasan11-year-olddaughter.51.WhendidNiejointhearmy?A.In1982. B.In1998.C.In1991. D.Afterhisgraduationfromhighschool.52.Whoamongtheastronautsinthispassagehasn’tbeentosaace?A.ZhaiZhigang. B.NieHaisheng. C.YangLiwei. D.FeiJunlong.53.HowmanytimeshasFeiJunlongreturnedhomesinceheleftattheageof17?A.Threetimes. B.Fourtimes. C.Sixtimes. D.Eighttimes.54.Howmanypeopledidthewritermentioninthispassage?A.5. B.6. C.7. D.8.55.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A.

YangLiweiwasborninJiangsu.B.

NieHaishenghasanelever-year-olddaughter.C.

FeiJunlongisoneyearolderthanNieHaisheng.D.

ZhaiZhiganggotmarriedtoNieJielinandhasason.BInmanyEnglishhomespeopleeatfourmealsaday:breakfast,lunch,teaanddinner.Peoplehavebreakfastatanytimefromseventonineinthemorning.Theyeatporridge，eggsorbread.Englishpeopledrinkteaorcoffeeatbreakfast.Lunchcomesatoneo'clock.Afternoonteaisfromfourtofiveintheafternoonanddinnerisabouthalfpastseven.Firsttheyhavesoups,andthentheyhavemeatorfishwithvegetables.Afterthattheyeatsomeotherthings,likebananas，applesororanges.ButnotallEnglishpeopleeatlikethat.Someofthemhavetheirdinnerinthemiddleoftheday.Theirmealsarebreakfast,dinner,teaandsupperandallthesemealsareverynecessary.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從以下每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最正確答案。()56.ManyEnglishpeoplehavemealsaday.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.threeorfour()57.Peoplemayhavefortheirbreakfast.A.teaandeggsB.porridge，eggs，bread，teaorcoffeeC.teaandcoffeeD.breadandeggs()58.Peoplehavelunchat．A.anytimeB.nineC.fiveD.one()59.Peopledon'thavefortheirdinner.A.porridgeB.bananasandapplesC.somesoupandmeatD.meatandfish()60.InmanyEnglishhomesdinnercomes．A.atoneo'clockB.inthemiddleofthedayC.atnoonD.atnightCNowsomewomenarespendingaweekendatMother’sCamp〔營(yíng)地〕.There,husbandsandchildrenarenotallowed.Whywouldawomanwanttotakeavacationwithoutherfamily?Somewomensaytheyneedtimetobealone.AtMother’sCampawomanhasroomtoherself.Shecansleep,readorwatchTV,andnoonewillbotherher.Nochildrenwillask,“Mom,what’sfordinner?”Nohusbandwillsay,“Oh,dear,Ican’tfindanycleansocks.”Infactalmost50%ofwomenintheUnitedStatesworkoutsidethehome.Manyofthemworkfull-timeandthencomehometoasecondjob-takingcareoftheirhomesandfamilies.Theseworkingwomensayoneoftheirbiggestproblemsishousework.IntheUnitedStates,workingwivesdoabout75%ofthehousework.Manyoftheirhusbandssaytheywanttohelp.Butthentheyburnthericeortheycan’tfindthepans.Theyasksomanyquestionsthattheirwivesdecideitiseasiertodothejobthemselves.SomewomengotoMother’sCampjusttogetabreakfromhousework.Fortwodaystheydon’tcook,theydon’tclean,theydon’tlookaftertheirchildrenandhusbands.Whatdotheydo?Theyenjoywarm,sunnyweather,walking,swimmingorboatinginaclearbluelakeandsingsongsaroundthecampfire.Theyrelaxawayfromhome.TheyhaveareallywonderfulvacationatMother’sCamp.61.FromthispassagewecanseeintheUnitedStates.A.

womenwanttoworkoutsidethehomeB.

workingwivesdomostofthehouseworkC

hushandsdoasmuchhouseworkastheirwivesD.

womendonotliketostayathomewiththeirfamilies62.AtMother’sCamp,womencan’t.A.watchTV B.readnewspaperC.swirninthelake D.bringtheirhusbandsandchildren63.Whywouldsomemothersliketobealone?Because.A.

theydon’tliketheirhusbandsandchildrenB.

theyhavetoworkfull-timeC.

theyaretoobusytorelaxthemselvesD.

theywantanewlife64.isoneofthebiggesttroublesforworkingwivesintheUnitedStates.A.HouseworkB.WorkingoutsidethehomeC.Whentotakeavacation D.Lookingaftertheirchildren65.What’sthebesttitle〔標(biāo)題〕forthispassage?A.BusyWorkingMothers B.WelcometoMother’sCampC.MothersRelaxAwayfromHome D.MothersintheUSDENJOYYOURFAVORITESINSTARCINEMASeptemberFri-SunVoldemort:14:00;16:00LordoftheRings〔Ⅱ〕TheTwoTowers:14:00;16:00;20:00;22:00Mon-ThursTheLionKing,Shrek〔Ⅱ〕:12:00;14:00;16:00;20:00OctoberFri-SunGobletofFire:14:00;16:00LordoftheRjngs〔Ⅲ〕TheReturnoftheKing:14:00;16:00;20:00;22:00Mon-ThursLordoftheRings〔Ⅱ〕TheTwoTowers:12:00;14:00;16:00;20:00Voldemort:12:00;14:00;16:00Ticketsmustbebooked被預(yù)定anytimeupto30minutesbeforethefilmstarts.Ticketholdersaregivenseatnumbers.Drinksareprovided.Foodmaybeboughtfromtheshopandeatenintheareaprovidedoutsidethecinema.Ticketprice:Aduits:$16;Childrenundr6:$6;studentsunder16:$10Smokingisnotallowedanywhereinthecinema.Mobilephonesmustbekeptoff.66.WhatfilmcanyouseeonaSaturdaynightinOctober?A.

LordoftheRings〔Ⅲ〕TheReturnoftheKing.B.

LordoftheRings〔Ⅱ〕TheTwoC.

TheLionKing,Shrek〔Ⅱ〕D.

Voldemort.67.WhencanyouseethefilmVoldemort?A.Tuesday,October,4p.m. B.Tuesday,October,10p.m.C.Thursday,September,8p.m. D.Friday,September,4a.m.68.Howmuchwillitcostforafamilywithtwochildren〔oneis5andtheotheris8〕toseeafilm?A.$22. B.$30. C.$44. D.$48.69.Whencanpeoplebooktickets?A.Thedaybeforethefilm. B.Anytimebeforethefilm.C.Anhourbeforethefilm. D.Nolaterthanhalfanhourbeforethefilm.70.Whatcanyoudointhecinema?A.Eatsomefood. B.Havesomedrinks.C.Makeaphonecall. D.Smokeintheareaprovided.第二卷

五.根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填空，每空一詞。(共5小題，每題1分，總分值5分)71F__________Number152toBeijingisreadytotakeoff.72．Morethantwentypeoplewerekilledinthea___________,includingtwoforeigners.73．Sheworksasav_____________forGreenPeace.74．Thisismyo___________book,notyours.75．Therearemanyd____________betweenthetwolanguages.when,their,even,way,feel,behave,or,modern,relax,hours,speak,classical六、任務(wù)型閱讀：閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。〔10分〕Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Moneydoeshaveitsmostusefuleffectonthepoor.Butevenifapersonhasalreadygotplentyofmoney,.Ifmoneywereeverything,allmillionaires(百萬(wàn)富翁)wouldhavereallove,truefriendship,goodhealthandalonglife.However,thisisnotalwayscorrect.Sincethebeginningoftimenothreewordshaveeverinvitedmorepleasurethan“Iloveyou”.Butcanlovebebought?I’mafraidnot.Lovemeanstogive,nottotake.Toeveryperson,healthandalonglifeareprobablythebestthings.Well,canhealthandalonglifebeboughtwithmoney?Theansweris“No”.Ofallthelongestlivingpeopleintheworld,fewofthemaremillionaires.Truefriendshipcan’tbebought,either.Inaword,wheremoneyisdreamedtoomuch,itcancausebrotherstoquarrel,marriagetoend,loverstohate,andstrangerstofight.Nomatterhowmuchmoneyyouhave,itisstillnotenoughtomakeahappypersonifyouhavenoonetolaughwith,noonetocryfor.86．從文中找出與下句意義相近的句子。Itseemsthatalotofpeoplewantmoneyverymuchnow.87．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題。Whatareprobablythemostimportantthingstoeveryone?88．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，將第一段最后一句補(bǔ)充完整。Butevenifapersonhasalreadygotplentyofmoney,89．將文中劃線句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。90．根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，寫出文章的標(biāo)題。〔10詞以內(nèi)〕八、書面表達(dá)(總分值15分)根據(jù)表格提供的信息，寫一封信，把老師對(duì)你的學(xué)習(xí)評(píng)價(jià)介紹給你的朋友，文章開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出。TeachersWhattheysaidMathHard-workingChineseGoodatwritingEnglishDowellinlisteningPhysicsCandobetter注意：詞數(shù)60左右，內(nèi)容要連貫。DearJohn,Thingsarefinehere.Ifinishedmymid-termexamslastweek,andIgotmyreportcardtoday._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whataboutyou?Writesoon.Yours,Mike一．單項(xiàng)選擇題〔20個(gè)小題；每題1分，總分值20分?！?.Thetownwillhave_______treesand______pollution.Aless;more

Bmore;less

Cfewer;fewer

Dless;less2.Sheis_____at___than______.Agood;sing;dance

Bbetter;singing;dancingCwell;singing;dancingDbest;sing;dance3.Idon’tlikethismovie.It’s_________thatone.Aasinterestingas

Bnotasinterestingas

Cmoreinterestingthan

Dlessinterestingas4.Thelittleboywrote

a________lettertohisuncle.Afive-hundred-word

Bfive-hundred-words

Cfive-hundreds-word

Dfive-hundreds-words5.Cruisewent_______thereading-roomand_____Danny____it.Ainto;find;intoBin;find;in

Cinto;found;intoDinto;found;in6MrLiaskedSimon_______toclosethewindowswhenheleft.Adon’tforget

Btonotforget

Ctoforgetnot

Dnottoforget7.They______somebooksfromthelibrarylastweek.A

lend

Blends

Cbuy

Dborrowed8.What________canIdoforyou?Aothers

Bother

Celse

D

another9__________tallthegirlis!AHow

BHowa

CWhat

D

Whata

10.Hesaid_______,“Idon’thave_____todothat!”.A.loudlyenough;enoughtime

B.enoughloudly;enoughtimesC.loudlyenough;timesenough

D.enoughloudly;timeenough11.Thereareabout______peopleoverthere.A.hundred

of

B.a

hundred

of

C.hundredsof12.Don’tbringfoodtothelibrary.Oryourteacherwill______.A.takeawayit

B.takeitaway

C.takethemaway13.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcouldaskmefor______.A.someadvices

B.anyadvice

C.someadvice14.Howmuchdidyou______theT-shirt?It’sunexpensive,only55yuan.A.spend

B.cost

C.payfor15.ThatdayIfollowedanalien______where____going.A.tosee,heis

B.tosee

,is

he

C.see,heis16.Helives____,butheneverfeels_____.17.Iheardaman_____intheroomyesterdaynight.A.speaking

B.speaks

C.tospeak18.Ifyoudon’tgotothezoo,Iwillnot,_____.A.either

B.neither

C.too19.Ifailedmymathtest,Idon’tknow______.A.Whattodo

B.Whattodoit

C.Howtodo20.Iwantto____afootballteam,soIcan_____manymatches(比賽)A.join,takepartin

B.takepartin,join

C.join,join二．完形填空〔10個(gè)小題；每題1分，總分值10分?！?/p>

There___41___manypeopleonthebusandtherewerenoemptyseats.Whenayoungmangotin,anoldwomannear___42___wantedtostandup,buttheyoungmanpushedherback___43____herseat.

“Thankyou,”hesaid.“Butpeople____44____that.I__45_____stand.”

“Butyoungman,letme----”said____46_____oldwoman.

“Iaskyou___47____yourseat.”Theyoungmandidn’tlettheoldwomanfinishwithahandonhershoulder.

Buttheoldwomanagainwantedtogetup,saying,“Youngman,pleaseletme….”

“No,no,”saidtheyoungman,andthenhepushedherbankintoherseatagain.

Atlast,theoldwomanmanagedtogetup.She___48____theyoungman.“You___49___methreestopsawayfrommyhouse.Iwantedto____50____.”41.Aare

Bwere

Chad

Dhas42.Ahim

Bhe

Cshe

Dher43.Ain

Bon

Cinto

Dto44.Ado

Bdidn’tto

Cnottodo

Ddon’tdo45.Acan

Bcould

Cmust

Dneed46.Aa

Ban

Cthe

D/47.Atokeep

Bkeep

Ckept

Dkeeps48.Asayto

Bsaidto

Cspoke

Dtalkedfor49.Acarried

Btook

Cbrought

Dgot50.Aget

Bgetup

Cgeton

Dgetoff三．閱讀理解〔15小題，每題2分，總分值30分〕AAustraliaisthesmallestcontinent(洲)intheword.ItisalittlesmallerthanChina.Itistothesouthoftheequator(赤道).Sowhenitissummerinourcountry,itiswinterinAustralia.

Australiahasasmallpopulation(人口).ThepopulationofAustraliaisnearlythesameasthatofShanghai,acityinChina.Australiaisfamousforitssheepandkangaroos(袋鼠).Afterashortdrivefromanytown,youwillfindyourselfinthemiddleofwhitesheep.Sheepareeverywhere.Haveyouseenakangaroo?Ithasa“bag”belowitsbreast(胸)Themotherkangarookeepsitsbabykangaroointhe“bag”.Itisverystrange,isn’tit?51．Chinais__________thanAustralia.A.larger

B.large

C.small

D.smaller52．Itis________inAustraliawhenitissummerinourcountry.

A.autumn

B.spring

C.winter

D.summer53.ThepopulationofAustraliaisalmostthesameasthatof_______inChina.

A.Beijing

B.Tianjin

C.Nanjing

D.Shanghai54.Australiaisfamousforits

_________.

A.kangaroos

B.deer

C.elephants

D.birds55Whydoesthepassagesaythekangaroosisastrangeanimal?Because_______.

A.itisakindofbird

B.ithasa“bag”belowitsbreastC.itisakindoffish

D.itisverydangerous

BNamePersonalinformationNormanBethuneBornin1890,AdoctorinCanadaDiedinNovember,1939inChina,CametoChinainMarch1938CelineDionBorninCanada,Asingingstar,In1997sangMyHeartWillGoOnforthefilmTitanicThomasThomasBornin1847,inUSA,Madeover1,000inventions,Diedin1931MarkTwainBornin1835,inUSA,AwriterinUSA,Diedin1910,WroteTheAdventureofTomesawyerBillGatesBornin1955,inUSA,WroteBusiness@theSpeedofThought,OwnsMicrosoftCompany

56._______isfromCanada.

A.BillGates

B.MarkTwain

C.ThomasThomas

D.CelineDion57．The____________wasbornin1835.A.inventor

B.singer

C.doctor

D.writer58．MyHeartWillGoOnisthenameofa_________.

A.book

B.song

C.story

D.film59．DrBethuneworkedinChinaforabout_____years.

A.2

B.4

C.6

D.860．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.MarkTwainWroteBusiness@theSpeedofThought.B.BillGatesstartedworkingforMicrosoftCompanyin1955.C.ThomasThomasmadeover1,000inventions.D.CelineDionstoppedsingingin1997.C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正(A)誤(B)。Computerareverypopularnow.PeoplearetalkingaboutandusingtheInternet〔互聯(lián)網(wǎng)〕everywhere,buthowmanyofusknowthehistoryoftheInternet?ManypeoplearesurprisedwhentheyfindoutthattheInternetwassetupin1960s.Atthattime,computerswerelargeandexpensive.Computernetworks〔網(wǎng)絡(luò)〕didn’tworkverywell.Ifonecomputerinthenetworkbrokedown,thenthewholenetworkstopped.Anewnetworksystem〔系統(tǒng)〕hadtodesigned.Itshouldbegoodenoughtobeusedbymanydifferentcomputers.Ifpartofthenetworkwasnotworking,information〔信息〕couldbesentthroughanotherpart.Inthisway,thecomputernetworksystemwouldkeepworkingwellallthetime.Atfirst,theInternetwasonlyusedbyfewpeople,butinthe1970s,itwasusedinschool,hospitalsandbanks.However〔然而〕,computerswerestillexpensiveandtheInternetwasdifficulttouse.Atthebeginningofthe1990s,computersbecamecheaperandeasiertouse.Todayit’seasytogetonlineanditissaidthatmillionsofpeopleusetheInterneteveryday.Sendinge-mailsismoreandmorepopularamongstudents.TheInternethasnowbecomeoneofthemostimportantpartsofpeople’slife.(

)61.WeallknowthatInternethasahistoryofpeople’slife.(

)62.Scientistssetupanewnetworksystemtomakethecomputerscheaper.(

)63.Computersbecamecheaperandeasiertouseatthebeginningofthe1990s.(

)64.Thephrase“getonline”inChinesemeans“上機(jī)”.(

)65.Thebesttitleforthispassageissendinge-m四．單詞拼寫〔10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕。根據(jù)以下句子中的漢語(yǔ)釋義或首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞的適當(dāng)形式。66.Weliveinan_a________inthiscity.67.Igotoschooleveryday_e_________SaturdayandSunday.68.Hiscoatisinexpensivebutitisvery_t__________.69.Lastmonth10personswerekilledinthetowtraffic_a_________.70.Heneverdoesanythingathome.Heisn’tah_______boy.He’salazyboy.71._______(預(yù)測(cè))thefuturecanbedifficultasembarrassing.72.We’llhavenopapermoney,buteveryonewillhavea__________〔信用〕card.

73.Hesaidhehad________(忘記)todohishomework..74.It’sstillraininghard.How_______(令人掃興的)theweatheris!75.Ihadavery___________〔不平常的〕experienceonSunday.〔10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕。六.完成句子〔5小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕86.有許多著名的預(yù)言沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。Therearemany__________

__________that__________cametrue.87.他上個(gè)月來(lái)到中國(guó)，并且愛(ài)上了這個(gè)美麗的國(guó)家。HecametoChinalastmonthand____

_____________

___________thebeautifulcountry.88.他們直到昨天才完成了那項(xiàng)工作。They_____________________thework____________yesterday.89.你們是朋友，理應(yīng)相互幫助。Youarefriendsandyou____________witheachother.90.我的大衣和你的大衣顏色相同。Mycoathas_________

___________

____________asyours.七．情景交際〔5小題；每題2分，總分值10分〕根據(jù)所提供的信息完成對(duì)話，使對(duì)話意義連貫，內(nèi)容完整。DearRose,We’rehavingabuffet(自助)supperonSundaynight,June4th,AndofcoursewewantyouandBob!Comeatsix,ifyoucan.We’llhavesupperearlyandplaysomebridge〔橋牌〕then.TheCarksandtheSmithswillbehere,andIknowyougetonwellwith〔與----相處得很好〕them.We’llbeexpecting(期待)youonthefourth,sodon’tdisappoint〔使----失望〕us.

Wishlove,