高中英語高考沖刺語法專題4謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（教師版）

高中英語高考沖刺語法專題4：謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)【問題查找】單句語法填空Whileonlineshopping___________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.Thetwins,Who(finish)theirhomework,wereallowedtoplaybadmintonontheplayground.Therealreasonwhyprices(be),andstillare,toohighisplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.Whilewe_________________(wait)forthebus,agirlranuptous.Marty(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.I’mafraidIwon’tbeavailable.I____________________(see)afriendoffat5o’clockthisafternoon.

Theguests_________________(leave)bytraintonight.Shesaidshe________________(e)totakeherlaptopthenextday.TheGPNP___________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.

10.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit______________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplaceinthepast.11.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers___________(carry)specialsignificance.12.CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit_____________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon______________(construct)＂13.TheunmannedChang’e4probe(探測器)thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess______________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.14.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut__________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.15.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six__________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.16.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene__________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36yearoldbusiness.17.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI__________(make)overtheyears.18.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand__________(remend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.19.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,we__________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.20.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit__________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.Keys:1.haschanged2.hadfinished3.were4.werewaiting5.hasbeenworking6.willbeseeing7.areleaving8.woulde9.isdesigned10.was11.carries12.means;isconstructed13.touched14.havereported15.are16.declared17.havemade18.remended19.wereinvited20.is【要點(diǎn)精講】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.掌握高考需要掌握的10種謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法2.掌握高考?？嫉膸追N易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析3.掌握常見的固定句式的固定時(shí)態(tài)用法目標(biāo)分解：（1）掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（2）掌握一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（3）掌握一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（4）掌握過去將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（5）掌握現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（6）掌握過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（7）掌握將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（8）掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（9）掌握過去完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（10）掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法（11）能夠辨析各時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別用法教學(xué)過程：激發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、激發(fā)已有知識(shí)、解決問題、內(nèi)化過程、總結(jié)優(yōu)化一、用合適的活動(dòng)激發(fā)學(xué)生動(dòng)機(jī)。外部動(dòng)機(jī)：選擇合適的方法激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)變化規(guī)則機(jī)內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)：好激發(fā)二、激發(fā)已有知識(shí)1、教師提問：什么是謂語動(dòng)詞？什么是時(shí)態(tài)？高考需要掌握的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)包括？①謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句子中可以單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞，主要由實(shí)義（行為）動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。②英語中不同時(shí)間和方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)間和方式的動(dòng)詞形式稱作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（共10種）三、解決學(xué)習(xí)問題：目標(biāo)對(duì)應(yīng)的活動(dòng)（目標(biāo)的問題化分解）：1、教師提問：閱讀下列各句，結(jié)合謂語動(dòng)詞的形式說出各個(gè)句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及相應(yīng)用法。熟讀深思1.Igetupat7:00everymorning.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作)2.Thesunrisesintheeast.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；客觀真理)3.Practicemakesperfect.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；格言或警句)4.Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.(一般過去時(shí)；過去發(fā)生的事)5.They’rehavingameetingnow.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；此時(shí)此刻正在做的事)6.I’mstudyingataneveningschool.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)階段正在做但說話時(shí)不一定在做的事)7.She’salwayshelpingothers.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；與always等連用表個(gè)人情感態(tài)度)8.ShewaswatchingTVathomeatthattime.(過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過去某時(shí)刻正在做的事)9.Iwillbehavingameetingat3o’clockthisafternoon.(將來進(jìn)行時(shí)；將來某時(shí)刻正在做的事)10.Iknewyouwouldagree.(過去將來時(shí)；表在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來,將要發(fā)生的事)11.Ihaveseenthefilmalready.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；過去發(fā)生，已完成且暗示我現(xiàn)在已知道電影的內(nèi)容了)12.Shehasbeenadancerfortenyears.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；從十年前開始一直到現(xiàn)在)13.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.(過去完成時(shí)；過去的過去)14.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.(過去完成時(shí)；過去的過去)15.TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去)16.Hewilleifyouinvitehim.(條件句中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí))17.Theplanetakesoffat11:30.(時(shí)刻表中的規(guī)定，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí))18.MikeisinghomeonThursday.(近期計(jì)劃,常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用)19.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?(一般將來時(shí)，begoingtodo表考慮好的打算)20.Lookattheclouds;it’sgoingtorain.(一般將來時(shí)，begoingtodo表已有跡象表明的推測)21.TheyaretobemarriedinJune.(一般將來時(shí)，betodo表正式安排)22.HeisabouttosetoffforBeijing.(一般將來時(shí)，表立刻即將做的事)歸納總結(jié)：1.時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有10種時(shí)態(tài)。教師提問：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法是？一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belongto,seem等。AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。但要注意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandetoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.(5)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞如e,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.教師提問：一般過去時(shí)的用法是？一般過去時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣。Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.(2)如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用過去時(shí)。Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.(3)表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等。Heboughtawatchbutlostit.Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.教師提問：一般將來時(shí)的用法是？一般將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：tomorrow;nextweek等。Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.(2)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。We’lldiewithoutairorwater.*(3)begoingtodo,will/shalldo,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及區(qū)別：①begoingtodo表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈拢@種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall/willdo表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定。另外，begoingto表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will則能，表意愿。Ifitisfine,we’llgofishing.[√]Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.[×]②betodo表按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.③beabouttodo表示“即將,正要”,后面不能接時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.教師提問：過去將來時(shí)的用法是？過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時(shí)。Healwayssaidthathewouldstudyhardatthattime.(2)過去將來時(shí)可由“would＋動(dòng)詞原形;was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形;as/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形;was/wereaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”四種結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，用法基本與一般將來時(shí)一致。Shesaidthatshewouldn’tdothatagain.Ithoughtitwasgoingtorain.Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.教師提問：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法是？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；(2)表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；(3)表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；(4)go,e等表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；(5)與always,often等頻度副詞連用，表經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情色彩。SheisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.Heisworkingonapaper.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(6)下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等②表存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto等③表示行為結(jié)果的動(dòng)詞：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,plete等④表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等教師提問：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法是？過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成為was/were＋doing,表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.(2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)和位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)。這類動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)eave,start,arrive,go,e等。Iwasingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.教師提問：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法是？將來進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。其構(gòu)成為：will/shallbedoing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：atthistimetomorrow,from1:30to4:30thedayaftertomorrow等。I’llbetalkingwiththeprofessoratthistimetomorrow.教師提問：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法是？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)由“have/has＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個(gè)沒有明確說出的過去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。Thecarhasarrived.Wecangonow.(2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。IhavelearnedEnglishfor10years.(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for,since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等。(4)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting...+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(5)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來完成時(shí)。IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.教師提問：過去完成時(shí)的用法是？過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況：①在by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句的句子中。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.Thetrainhadleftbeforewereachedthestation.②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過去式接不定式的完成式。Ihadhopedtoetohelpyou.Somethinghappenedtome.That’swhyIdidn’te.③“時(shí)間名詞＋before”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞＋ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.④在hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.＝Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.*(2)在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。Afterhe(had)lefttheroom,thebosscamein.Wearrivedhomebeforeitsnowed.教師提問：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法是？現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析：(1)由“have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并仍在進(jìn)行。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.(2)表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.Andnowtheyaregoinghomewithjoy.(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。Ihavebeenringingyouseveraltimesintwodays.12、教師提問：你能區(qū)分一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)和將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)嗎？高考?？嫉膸追N易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，常伴隨使用usually,often,seldom等頻度副詞；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常跟now,atpresent等時(shí)間狀語。Heusuallywritesalotofletters,butheisn’twritingatpresent.(2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Iwasreadinganovellastnight.昨晚我在看小說(可能沒看完)。Ireadanovellastnight.我昨晚看了一本小說(已經(jīng)看完了)。(2)一般過去時(shí)用于表示一個(gè)單純動(dòng)作，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示過去一段時(shí)間反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作。Didheaskquestions?他提問題了嗎？Hewasaskingquestionsallthetime.他始終在提問題。(3)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(側(cè)重說明事實(shí))，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開的情景)。Hedrewapictureyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午他做了這么一件事)Hewasdrawingapictureyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午他一直在畫畫，沒干別的事)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)(1)兩者都表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，主要說明現(xiàn)在的情況；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。例如：They’vegonetoParis.(說明他們現(xiàn)在去巴黎了，不在這里)TheywenttoParis.(只說明去過，不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里)(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的任何時(shí)間，可與sofar,uptonow,lately,eversince等表示包括現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，但不能和表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用；一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去某一特定時(shí)間或與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的某一過去時(shí)間。Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.(到目前為止)Isawthefilmthedaybeforeyesterday.(表明看電影的時(shí)間是在前天)。過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)通常與具體過去時(shí)間狀語連用；即使沒有時(shí)間狀語，根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境，我們也可以作出明確的判斷。(2)過去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示在過去某時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生。時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)與一般過去時(shí)不同，一般過去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說話時(shí)刻而言，過去完成時(shí)則是與過去某一時(shí)刻而言的，即“過去的過去”。Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.5.一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來說，將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài)；而將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Sheissixteen,whowillbeseventeennextyear.WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以now的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，側(cè)重對(duì)now產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)](1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如：Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately?(經(jīng)常相見)Haveyoumetherlately?(不重復(fù)發(fā)生)(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果，平鋪直敘，沒有什么感情色彩可言。如：RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingherhomeworkregularly.(顯然是在表揚(yáng)瑪麗)RecentlyMaryhasdoneherhomeworkregularly.(只說明一個(gè)事實(shí))13、教師提問：你知道固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài)嗎？在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時(shí)態(tài)要求，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)下列句子中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用：This/Itisthefirst/second...timeIhavedonesth..That/Itwasthefirst/second...timeIhaddonesth.Itistwoyearssincehewentabroad..Itwastwoyearssincehehadgoneabroad.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.HardlyhadIgothomewhenthetelephonerang.NosoonerhadIgothomethanthetelephonerang.Itwon’tbelongbeforeheesback./Itwasn’tlongbeforehecameback.Ididn’tmanagetounderstandituntilhehadexplaineditagain.祈使句＋and(or/orelse/otherwise)＋并列分句(并列分句中謂語動(dòng)詞多用一般將來時(shí))【查漏補(bǔ)缺】1.Forexample,in1998,DisneyproducedafilmnamedMulan,which__________(consider)agreatsuccessbycriticsandthepublic.2.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat___________(bother)us.3.Therecentelection_____________(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.4.Then,withthetasteofChinainmymouth,I__________(return)toBeijingasanexchangestudentin2014.5.Germsexistinwaterandoftenthey__________(find)inairanddustaswell.6.Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms__________(increase)sharply.7.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends__________________(remend).Keys:1.wasconsidered2.bothers3.hasbeen4.returned5.arefound6.hasincreased7.hadremended【梳理優(yōu)化】一、謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)（以do為例）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過去時(shí)did一般將來時(shí)is/am/aregoingtodo;shall/willdo;is/am/aretodo;is/am/areabouttodo過去將來時(shí)was/weregoingtodo;woulddo;was/weretodo;was/wereabouttodo現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/aredoing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)shall/willbedoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)havedone過去完成時(shí)haddone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing二、?？碱}型：語法填空三、解題技巧語法填空題中時(shí)態(tài)的解題技巧1.判斷空格處所給單詞是否是動(dòng)詞（一般是給出動(dòng)詞原形提示詞的，且一般會(huì)考1題時(shí)態(tài)）；2.判斷空格處是否填謂語動(dòng)詞（其他可能性：非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）；3.若是填謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合上下文提示和句意判斷空格處所要填的時(shí)態(tài)；（注意考慮是否要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)）4.如無需使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，正確寫出所需填寫的時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)（注意主謂一致問題，即謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題）；【強(qiáng)化鞏固】語法填空It

wasgettingdark1________Igothome.ItwascoldandI2_____________(wear)acoat.I3____________(walk)uptothedoorandputmyhandintomypockettotakeoutmykeybutIcouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI

4__________(leave)itonmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmakeanydifference.Iknewmywife5________(be)athomeandthechildrenmusthaveebackfromschoolbynow,soI6________(knock)

atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.Icontinuedknockingatthedoorforsometime.I7____________(get)angry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife8________(phone)

sayingthatshe9_____________(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme

todo:Ihadtoclimein10___________awindow.Keys:1.when2.waswearing3.walked4.hadleft5.was6.knocked7.wasgetting8.hadphoned9.wouldgo10.through【課后練習(xí)】一、單句語法填空1.InrecentyearstheSaturdaybeforeChristmas__________(see)thebiggestshoppingcrowds.2.AwakeningofInsects(驚蟄)__________(fall)onMar6andendsonMar20thisyear.3.EliaswasgratefulforhishelpandlaterhejoinedintheANCYouthLeaguewhich____________(organize)byMandelaandfoughtfortheequalrightsofblackpeople.4.Intheyearof1952,hemetMandelawhoworkedasalawyerand____________(offer)legalguidancetopoorblackpeople.5.Thefires___________(spread)rapidlyduringabakingheatwavesincemidAugust.Keys:1.hasseen2.falls3.wasorganized4.offered5.havespread/havebeenspreading二、語法填空AfterDavid’sdaughterwasborn,hedecidedtomakeonemilliondollars.Hethoughtinthiswayhisdaughter1_______________(live)

a

happylife.

Inordertoachievehisgoal,David2____________(devote)most

of

histimetohisbusiness.Whileotherfathers

3______________(play)withtheirkidsoutside,hewasworking.Whileotherfatherswerereadingstoriestotheirkids,hewashangingoutwithhisclients(客戶).Hislittledaughter

4______________

(name)Janehardlysawhim.

Timeflewfast.Oneday,whenDavidreturnedhomefromwork,hesawJane

sitting5______thelivingroom.Whenshesawhim,sherantohimandaskedhimtoplaywithherforawhile.“Sorry,Jane,butI6____________

(be)terriblybusytonight.Ihavealotofworktodo.”Hewasabouttoleave

7.

___________

heheardJanecrying.Sohestoppedandaskedwhy.“You’realwaysworking.Youhavenotimeformeatall.You’renotagooddad,”saidJane.Davidwas

8_________

(lose)inthoughtafterhearingthat.Herememberedwhyheworkedsohard—hewantedJanetoliveahappylife.However,thingsgocontrarytohiswishes.He

9___________(teach)agoodlessonthatday.Therefore,hemadea

10_____________

(decide)tospendalotmoretimewithhisdaughter.Keys:1.wouldlive2.devoted3.wereplaying4.named5.in6.am7.when8.lost9.wastaught10.decision三、閱讀理解AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanymunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)owimpact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlowimpactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinatorfriendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinatorfriendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.1.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy. B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms. D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.2.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms. B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators. B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy. D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopmentKeys:1.B2.C3.A4.D一篇說明文。介紹的是用一種更加友好的方式建立一種新型的太陽能農(nóng)場，這種新型的農(nóng)場更有利于保護(hù)各種傳粉昆蟲，從而促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanymunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.(通常，他們最終會(huì)用小石頭填滿該地區(qū)，并使用化學(xué)物質(zhì)來控制雜草。結(jié)果是，許多社區(qū)，特別是在農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)，將太陽能農(nóng)場視為土壤的破壞者。)”可知，太陽能開發(fā)者采用不環(huán)保的方式處理太陽能板安裝后產(chǎn)生的問題，導(dǎo)致人們把太陽能農(nóng)場看作是土壤的破壞者，由此可以推斷，開發(fā)者在安裝太陽能板后忽略了其帶來的負(fù)面影響。故選B項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)owimpact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影響”太陽能開發(fā)的實(shí)用方法，其重點(diǎn)是以對(duì)土地更友好的方式建立和運(yùn)營太陽能農(nóng)場。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和運(yùn)營太陽能農(nóng)場，也就是使得太陽能農(nóng)場更加環(huán)保。故選C項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超過28個(gè)州通過了與傳粉媒介棲息地保護(hù)和農(nóng)藥使用有關(guān)的法律。)”可知，這些法律都是與保護(hù)傳粉者棲息地和農(nóng)藥使用相關(guān)，所以這些法律的目的是保護(hù)授粉者。故選A項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.(在過去的幾年里，許多太陽能農(nóng)場開發(fā)商將太陽能電池板下的空間改造成各種傳粉媒介的庇護(hù)所，從而改善了土壤并減少了碳排放。)”可知，現(xiàn)在的太陽能農(nóng)場在過去的幾年里已經(jīng)得到了很大的發(fā)展，更重要的是太陽能農(nóng)場也變得更加的環(huán)保，這將是未來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的新趨勢，再結(jié)合全文對(duì)太陽農(nóng)場的發(fā)展過程的介紹可以判斷，本文主題是介紹太陽能農(nóng)場。故選D項(xiàng)。四、七選五HowtoAvoidtheWorstColdWeatherPackingMistakesYes,youcandefinitelyblamewinterclothesforyouroverstuffed(塞得過滿的)suitcase.Afterall,warmclothingtakesupalotmoreroomthansummerTshirtsandshorts.Tomakemattersworse,you’vegottopackforoverheatedrestaurantsandfreezingou