福建省龍巖市2023-2024學(xué)年高中畢業(yè)班三月質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷

龍巖市2024年高中畢業(yè)班三月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題(滿分：150分考試時(shí)間：120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whoistheman?A.Alibrarian.B.Astudent.C.Ateacher.2.WhatisCarldoing?A.Doinghomework.B.Watchingtelevision.C.Playinggames.3.Howmuchdoesthemanneedtopay?A.$40.B.$80.C.$120.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel.B.Attheairport.C.Inabagshop.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whattodoontheweekend.B.Whentogotothebeach.C.Howtodealwithstress.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisthewomanprobablytalkingto?A.Ataxidriver.B.Ahotelclerk.C.Awaiter.7.Whenwillthewomanprobablygettoherdestination?A.At3:10p.m.B.At3:40p.m.C.At4:00p.m.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A.Tomakeaplaint.B.Toorderthedishes.C.Tofindhisreceipt.9.Howdoesthemansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Annoyed.B.Worried.C.Satisfied.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whereisthemanrightnow?A.Inahospital.B.Athome.C.Ontheroad.11.Howdidtheman’ssongethurt?A.Hefelloffaladder.B.Hewasknockeddownbyacar.C.Hefelldowninthelongjump.12.Whichpartoftheman’sson’sbodywasinjured?A.Arm.B.Head.C.Foot.13.Whatshouldthemandonextaccordingtothewoman?A.Lifthissonontothebed.B.Puticeonthewound.C.SendhissonforanXray.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inagiftshop.B.Inashoeshop.C.Inaclothingshop.15.Whatcolorwrappingpaperdoesthewomanprefer?A.Green.B.Pink.C.Red.16.Whydoesthewomanbuythesethings?A.ForMother’sDay.B.Forhermother’sbirthday.C.Forhersister’sgraduationparty.17.Howmuchcashwillthewomanpay?A.￡37.B.￡35.50.C.￡28.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl?A.Shewascrazyaboutthemobilephone.B.Shefailedtoattractherfather’sattention.C.Sheturnedsilentafterglancingatthespeaker.19.What’sthespeaker’sattitudetowardsomeparents’behaviors?A.Disapproving.B.Ambiguous.C.Understanding.20.Whatdoesthespeakerprobablyexpectparentstodo?A.Helpchildrenbreakthehabitofplayingmobilegames.B.Spendlessmoneyonbrandnamemobilephones.C.Usenewtechnologylikesmartphonesproperly.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIntoday’scostoflivingcrisis,thedemandoncharitiesisgreaterthanever.Hereareadozeninnovativewayspeoplearoundtheworldaregivingback.muApp,FinlandHowdopeoplewantingtovolunteerconnectwithgroupsneedinghelp?In2021inFinland,three20somethingentrepreneursfoundedmu,anappthatmakesiteasyforindividualstoofferhelptothoseinneedortoaskforhelpintheirmunities.ItworksinFinnish,English,Ukrainian,GermanandNorwegianandfeaturesaspecialareaontheappthatfocusesontheneedsofUkrainianrefugees(難民)inFinland.FrigosSolidaires,FranceImagineifthoseinneedcouldhelpthemselvestofoodwithanonymity(匿名)anddignity.SolidarityFridgeswasstartedwiththataimbyDouniaMebtoul,ayoungrestaurateurinParis.Now,130fridgesinstalledinfrontofplacessuchasshopsandschoolsofferfreefoodtothehungryacrossFrance.DonationDollar,AustraliaMotivatingpeopletodonateistheobjectiveofauniqueonedollarcoincreatedbytheRoyalAustralianMint(RAM).Featuringagreencentrewithagoldrippledesign,thecoinremindspeoplewhofinditintheirchangetodonateittocharity.Itestimatesthatbytheendoflastyear,about$2millionhadbeendonatedtocharitiesandpeopleorbusinessesinneed.StuffABus,CanadaInEdmonton,thetransitserviceparksvehiclesinfrontofsupermarketsforitsannual“StuffaBus”campaigneachNovember.Volunteerscollectfoodandcashdonationsfromshopperstofillbusesheadingforfoodbanks.Since1995,thecampaignhascollected553,000kilogramsoffoodandroughlyhalfamilliondollarsforthoseinneed.1.What’smuAppaimedat?A.Inspiringmorepeopletodonate. B.Settingcharitiesforindustrialists.CLearningabouttheneedsofrefugees. D.Linkingvolunteerswiththoseinneed.2.WhatistheinitiativeofFrigosSolidaires?A.Wastingnofoodinrestaurants. B.Providingsufficientfoodforlocals.C.Thehungrygettingfoodwithdignity. D.ShopsinstallingmorefridgesinFrance.3.WhatisDonationDollar’swaytohelpthoseinneed?A.Establishinganapp. B.Launchinganannualcampaign.C.Gettingcoinscollectedforcharities. D.UrgingRAMtodesignauniquecoin.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界各地的人們回饋社會(huì)的一些創(chuàng)新方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)muApp,Finland中“Howdopeoplewantingtovolunteerconnectwithgroupsneedinghelp?In2021inFinland,three20somethingentrepreneursfoundedmu,anappthatmakesiteasyforindividualstoofferhelptothoseinneedortoaskforhelpintheirmunities.(想做志愿者的人如何與需要幫助的團(tuán)體聯(lián)系？2021年，在芬蘭，三位20多歲的企業(yè)家創(chuàng)建了mu，這是一款讓個(gè)人更容易向有需要的人提供幫助或在社區(qū)中尋求幫助的應(yīng)用程序)”可知，這款程序旨在將志愿者與有需要的人聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FrigosSolidaires,France中“Imagineifthoseinneedcouldhelpthemselvestofoodwithanonymity(匿名)anddignity.SolidarityFridgeswasstartedwiththataimbyDouniaMebtoul,ayoungrestaurateurinParis.(想象一下，如果那些需要幫助的人可以匿名且有尊嚴(yán)地幫助自己獲得食物。SolidarityFridges就是由巴黎年輕的餐館老板DouniaMebtoul帶著這個(gè)目標(biāo)創(chuàng)立的)”可知，它的宗旨是讓饑餓的人有尊嚴(yán)地得到食物。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DonationDollar,Australia中“Featuringagreencentrewithagoldrippledesign,thecoinremindspeoplewhofinditintheirchangetodonateittocharity.(這枚硬幣以綠色中心和金色波紋設(shè)計(jì)為特色，提醒在零錢(qián)中找到它的人將其捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu))”可知，它通過(guò)為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)收集人們捐出的硬幣來(lái)幫助有需要的人。故選C項(xiàng)。BAstheclocksstrikemidnightonebyoneonNewYear’sEve,onesongwillringoutmorethananyotherfromtheworld’scrowds—“AuldLangSyne”,theScotslanguageode(頌歌)tofriendshipandgoodtimespast,whichwasfirstsettopaperbytheScottishpoetRobertBurns,thoughheclaimedhewasnotitsoriginalauthor,onlyadocumentarianofonepartofanoldoralfolktradition.AccordingtohistorianDr.MoragGrant,theconceptof“auldlangsyne”wasonceaJacobitetradition.Burns’versionquicklybecamepopularinScotlandafteritwaspublishedin1799,andthankstothatScottishdiaspora—whichcarrieditsfolktraditionstoplacesliketheStates,CanadaandNewZealand—snatches(音樂(lè)片段)of“AuldLangSyne”areproductivethroughouthistory.Itwasin19thcenturyEnglandthattheNewYear’sEvetraditionemerged.AtStPaul’sinLondon,Scottswhowentabroadwouldgathertogetherandbeltoutthewordsto“AuldLangSyne”.“TomissitintheeyesofsomeScotswouldamounttolittlelessthanacrime,”theEdinburghEveningCourantwroteatthetime.Anincreasinglyconnectedworldhelpedtopromotethesong’sspread.Theinventorofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBell,sangitdownthemouthpiecetodemonstratethenewtelemunicationsequipment.Later,anotherscientistcalledEmileBerlinerchoseitasoneofthefirstsongstoberecordedonthegramophone.In1929,thebandleaderGuyLombardobeganthetraditionofplaying“AuldLangSyne”fromTimesSquare,firstonradioandthenontelevision.Fromitsfolkloricbeginnings,“AuldLangSyne”hastravelledfar,shapeshiftingandacquiringnewmeaningasitpassesbetweenpeopleandcultures.Today,itsymbolisesfriendshipandfondmemoryformunitiesacrosstheglobe,anditbeesthesecondmostsungsongintheEnglishlanguage,beatenonlyby“HappyBirthday”.It’squiteasuccessforapoemwritteninaScottishminoritylanguage.4.Whatmightbetheoriginofthesong?A.AJacobiteconcept. B.OralScottfolkmusic.C.ApoembyRobertBurns. D.WorksofDr.MoragGrant.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diaspora”inParagraph2mean?AFolktradition. B.Famouspoets. C.Settlingabroad. D.Singingfever.6.Whatspedupthesongspread?A.TheScotts’livingstyle. B.Theexcellentperformanceofaband.C.Worldconnectionvianewinventions. D.NewYear’sEvetraditioninEngland.7.Whatdoesthesongmainlyconveytopeople?A.Thecharmoffriendshipandmemory. B.TheimportanceofScottishculture.C.ThebeautyofScottishlanguage. D.Theimpactoffolktradition.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了《友誼地久天長(zhǎng)》流傳甚廣。這首歌起源于口頭的蘇格蘭民間音樂(lè)。蘇格蘭人定居到世界各地，從而把這首歌帶往各個(gè)國(guó)家。后來(lái)新發(fā)明加速了歌曲的傳播?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“AstheclocksstrikemidnightonebyoneonNewYear’sEve,onesongwillringoutmorethananyotherfromtheworld’scrowds—“AuldLangSyne”,theScotslanguageode(頌歌)tofriendshipandgoodtimespast,whichwasfirstsettopaperbytheScottishpoetRobertBurns,thoughheclaimedhewasnotitsoriginalauthor,onlyadocumentarianofonepartofanoldoralfolktradition.(新年前夜，當(dāng)鐘聲一個(gè)接一個(gè)地敲響午夜鐘聲時(shí)，全世界的人群中響起的最響亮的一首歌是《友誼地久天長(zhǎng)》，這是一首蘇格蘭語(yǔ)的頌歌，歌頌友誼和過(guò)去的美好時(shí)光。這首歌最早是由蘇格蘭詩(shī)人羅伯特·伯恩斯寫(xiě)在紙上的，盡管他聲稱(chēng)自己不是這首歌的原作者，只是記錄了一個(gè)古老的口頭民間傳統(tǒng)的一部分。)”可知，這首歌起源于口頭蘇格蘭民間音樂(lè)。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第二段中畫(huà)線詞后面的“whichcarrieditsfolktraditionstoplacesliketheStates,CanadaandNewZealand.(他們把自己的民間傳統(tǒng)帶到了美國(guó)、加拿大和新西蘭等地。)”可知，蘇格蘭人定居到世界各地，從而把民間傳統(tǒng)帶往各個(gè)國(guó)家。所以“diaspora”意思是“定居國(guó)外”。A.Folktradition民間傳統(tǒng)；B.Famouspoets著名詩(shī)人；C.Settlingabroad定居國(guó)外；D.Singingfever歌唱熱。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Anincreasinglyconnectedworldhelpedtopromotethesong’sspread.Theinventorofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBell,sangitdownthemouthpiecetodemonstratethenewtelemunicationsequipment.Later,anotherscientistcalledEmileBerlinerchoseitasoneofthefirstsongstoberecordedonthegramophone.In1929,thebandleaderGuyLombardobeganthetraditionofplaying“AuldLangSyne”fromTimesSquare,firstonradioandthenontelevision.(一個(gè)日益緊密的世界促進(jìn)了這首歌的傳播。的發(fā)明者亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾把話筒唱下來(lái)，演示這種新的電信設(shè)備。后來(lái)，另一位名叫埃米爾·柏林的科學(xué)家選擇了它作為首批用留聲機(jī)錄制的歌曲之一。1929年，樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮蓋伊·隆巴多開(kāi)始在時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)演奏《友誼地久天長(zhǎng)》的傳統(tǒng)，先是在電臺(tái)，然后在電視上。)”可知，新發(fā)明連接世界從而加速了歌曲的傳播。故選C。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Today,itsymbolisesfriendshipandfondmemoryformunitiesacrosstheglobe,(今天，這首歌象征著世界各地的友誼和美好的回憶，)”可知，這首歌主要向人們傳達(dá)了友誼和回憶的魅力。故選A。CInthewakeofthebanningofwhitecoatsfordoctors,Dr.Maxexplorerswhethertherulemakessense.Whitecoats,replacedbyplasticaprons,werebanned,alongwiththingsliketies,becauseitwasclaimedthattheywereaninfectionrisk,oftencoveredwithorganicmatter.Manydoctorshavefeltoffendedbythis—notbecausetheyarebeingrequiredtoobserverules,butbecausetherulesmakenosense.Infact,it’sactuallyadangerouspolicybecauseitmiststherealproblemsfacedwhentacklinghospitalacquiredinfections.Alongwithhandwashing,theonlyothervariablethathasbeenconsistentlyshowntoberelevanttohospitalacquiredinfectionsarebedoccupancyrates.Putsimply,thequickertheturnaroundinhospitalsandthemorepressurethereareonbeds,themoreinfectionsthereare.RatherthanlookcriticallyatthecurrentmodelfortheNHS(NationalHealthService),whichisallaboutcuttingbeds,andrealizingthatthisisdirectlycontributingtohospitalinfections,it’sfareasiertolooktotheinnocentwhitecoatandbanthatinstead.Bybanningwhitecoatsandties,doctorsnowdon’tlook“smart”andhavelosttheir“presence”inhospitals.Mostfrustratinglyfordoctors,whoareencouragedtopracticeevidencebasedmedicine,there’snoclearevidencethatwhitecoatsactuallycarryanydiseasecausingbugs.AreviewmissionedbytheDepartmentofHealth(DH)foundthatmostofthebugsthatwerefoundonwhitecoatsweresimplyfromthedoctor’sskinandwouldbeonanyitemofclothingtheywore—anddidn’tcausediseaseanyway.Thefactthatthewhitecoatsdon’tspreaddiseaseisborneoutnotjustbystudies,butinpracticetoo.InHongKong,forexample,wherewhitecoatsarestillstandarduniformforalldoctors,theratesofhospitalacquiredinfectionarestillconsiderablylowerthanUKhospitals.Infact,inotherEuropeancountrieswherewhitecoatsareworn,theinfectionratesarealsolowerthantheUK.Thecaseagainstwhitecoatswasshallowandfueledbypoliticsnotevidence.Surely,it’stimedoctorsroseupandputontheirwhitecoatsoncemore.8.Whyarewhitecoatsbannedaccordingtothetext?A.Theydamagedoctors’images. B.Theyarenotconstantlywashed.C.Theydistinguisheddoctorsfromothers. D.Theyarebelievedasinfectioussources.9.Whatistherealproblemwithhospitalinfection?A.Intensebedoccupancy. B.AreviewbytheDH.C.Frequenthandwashing. D.Bugscarryingwhitecoats.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs5&6?A.Whitecoatscarryriskyvirus. B.Thebanningisunreasonable.C.Adoctor’sskincausesdisease. D.DoctorsintheUKlosetheiridentity.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthebanning?A.Unfavorable. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了禁止穿白大褂是因?yàn)樗鼈儽徽J(rèn)為是傳染源，但事實(shí)是醫(yī)院感染的真正問(wèn)題是床位占用率高?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Whitecoats,replacedbyplasticaprons,werebanned,alongwiththingsliketies,becauseitwasclaimedthattheywereaninfectionrisk,oftencoveredwithorganicmatter.(白大褂被塑料圍裙所取代，以及領(lǐng)帶等東西都被禁止，因?yàn)槿藗兟暦Q(chēng)它們有感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，通常覆蓋著有機(jī)物。)”可知，禁止穿白大褂是因?yàn)樗鼈儽徽J(rèn)為是傳染源。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Alongwithhandwashing,theonlyothervariablethathasbeenconsistentlyshowntoberelevanttohospitalacquiredinfectionsarebedoccupancyrates.Putsimply,thequickertheturnaroundinhospitalsandthemorepressurethereareonbeds,themoreinfectionsthereare.(除了洗手，唯一被證明與醫(yī)院獲得性感染相關(guān)的變量是床位占用率。簡(jiǎn)而言之，醫(yī)院的周轉(zhuǎn)越快，病床上的壓力越大，感染就越多。)”可知，醫(yī)院感染的真正問(wèn)題是床位占用率高。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第五段中“AreviewmissionedbytheDepartmentofHealth(DH)foundthatmostofthebugsthatwerefoundonwhitecoatsweresimplyfromthedoctor’sskinandwouldbeonanyitemofclothingtheywore—anddidn’tcausediseaseanyway.(美國(guó)衛(wèi)生部（DH）委托進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在白大褂上發(fā)現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)細(xì)菌只是來(lái)自醫(yī)生的皮膚，而且會(huì)出現(xiàn)在他們穿的任何一件衣服上——而且無(wú)論如何也不會(huì)引起疾病。)”和文章第六段中“Thefactthatthewhitecoatsdon’tspreaddiseaseisborneoutnotjustbystudies,butinpracticetoo.(白大褂不傳播疾病的事實(shí)不僅被研究證實(shí)，而且在實(shí)踐中也得到了證實(shí)。)”可知，禁令是不合理的。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Thecaseagainstwhitecoatswasshallowandfueledbypoliticsnotevidence.(反對(duì)白大褂的案件是膚淺的，是由政治而不是證據(jù)推動(dòng)的。)”可知，作者是不贊同禁令的。故選A。DSugarcanecontainsaround10%sugar,butthatmeansitcontainsaround90%nonsugar—thematerialknownasbagasse(甘蔗渣).Worldproductionofcanesugarwas185milliontonnesin2017.Mostbagasseisburned.Often,itfuelslocalgeneratorsthatpowerthemills,soitisnotwasted.ButZhuHongli,amechanicalengineeratNortheasternUniversity,thinksitcanbeputtobetteruse.Abitofbagassemakesanexcellentandbiodegradablereplacementfortheplasticusedfordisposablefoodcontainerslikecoffeecups.Previousattemptstendednottosurvivecontactwithliquids.Butshethoughtshecouldoverethatbymixingthesugarcanepulp(漿)withanotherbiodegradablematerial.Sheknewfrompreviousresearchthatthemainreasonwhypasteffortsfelltopieceswhenwetisthatbagasseisposedofshortfibresunabletokeepthefinishedproductresilient(有彈性的).Shethereforesoughttoinsertasuitablylongfibredsubstance.Bambooseemedtofitthebill.Itgrowsquickly,degradesreadilyandhasappropriatelylongfibres.Anditworked.Whentheresearchersaddedasmallamountofbamboopulptobagasse,theyfoundthattheresulthadastronginterweavingofshortandlongfibres.Asabonus,theyalsodiscoveredthatthelignin(木質(zhì)素)inthefibres,athickandsolidwaterproofmaterial,boundthefibrestogether.Totesttheirnewmaterial,DrZhuandhercolleaguesfirstpouredhotoilontoitandfoundthat,ratherthanenteringthematerial,theoilwaskeptawaybytheirinvention.Also,acupoutofthestuffandfilledwithwaterheatedalmosttoboilingpointremainedwellinshapeforovertwohours.Thoughnotaslongasaplasticcupwouldlast,itislongenoughforallpracticalpurposes.Moreover,thenewmaterialistwiceasstrongastheplasticusedtomakecups,andisdefinitelybiodegradable.Overall,DrZhuarguesthatbagasseisanobviouschoiceformakingcoffeecups,disposableplatesandsoon.Onceused,thesecouldbedumpedinlandfillswithaclearconscience.12.Whyisworldproductionofcanesugarin2017mentioned?A.Toshowtheharvestofcanesugar. B.Topresentadangerinenvironment.C.Toimplypeople’sdemandforcanesugar. D.Tostressthepotentialamountofbagasse.13.Whydidtheresearchersputbamboopulpintobagasse?A.Togainlongfibre. B.Tostickthefibrestogether.C.Tomaketheproductbiodegradable. D.Toenhancetheproduct’sendurance.14.WhatcanwelearnfromDrZhu’sresearch?A.Criticalthinkingcouldmakeabigdifference. B.Innovativespirityieldsabetteralternative.C.Trashcouldbeturnedintotreasure. D.Awillingheartmakesmiracles.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.OneStoneKillsTwoEnvironmentalBirds B.ABirdInHandIsWorthTwoInTheBushC.FailureistheMotherofSuccess D.KnowledgeisPower【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了科學(xué)家們利用甘蔗渣制作出了耐用，可生物降解的咖啡杯，同時(shí)避免了浪費(fèi)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Sugarcanecontainsaround10%sugar,butthatmeansitcontainsaround90%nonsugar—thematerialknownasbagasse(甘蔗渣).Worldproductionofcanesugarwas185milliontonnesin2017.(甘蔗含有大約10%的糖，但這意味著它含有大約90%的非糖——即甘蔗渣。2017年，世界蔗糖產(chǎn)量為1.85億噸)”可知，提到2017年的世界蔗糖產(chǎn)量是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)甘蔗渣的潛在量。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ Sheknewfrompreviousresearchthatthemainreasonwhypasteffortsfelltopieceswhenwetisthatbagasseisposedofshortfibresunabletokeepthefinishedproductresilient(有彈性的).

(她從之前的研究中了解到，過(guò)去的努力在潮濕時(shí)失敗的主要原因是甘蔗渣由短纖維組成，無(wú)法保持成品的彈性)”以及第四段“Bambooseemedtofitthebill.Itgrowsquickly,degradesreadilyandhasappropriatelylongfibres.Anditworked.Whentheresearchersaddedasmallamountofbamboopulptobagasse,theyfoundthattheresulthadastronginterweavingofshortandlongfibres.Asabonus,theyalsodiscoveredthatthelignin(木質(zhì)素)inthefibres,athickandsolidwaterproofmaterial,boundthefibrestogether.(竹子似乎符合要求。它生長(zhǎng)迅速，易于降解，并具有適當(dāng)?shù)拈L(zhǎng)纖維。這招奏效了。當(dāng)研究人員向甘蔗渣中加入少量竹漿時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果是短纖維和長(zhǎng)纖維緊密交織在一起。作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)纖維中的木質(zhì)素，一種厚而堅(jiān)固的防水材料，將纖維結(jié)合在一起)”可知，研究人員將竹漿放入甘蔗渣中是為了提高產(chǎn)品的耐用性。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Totesttheirnewmaterial,DrZhuandhercolleaguesfirstpouredhotoilontoitandfoundthat,ratherthanenteringthematerial,theoilwaskeptawaybytheirinvention.(為了測(cè)試他們的新材料，朱博士和她的同事們首先把熱油倒在上面，發(fā)現(xiàn)油不是進(jìn)入材料，而是被他們的發(fā)明擋在外面)”以及“Moreover,thenewmaterialistwiceasstrongastheplasticusedtomakecups,andisdefinitelybiodegradable.(此外，這種新材料的強(qiáng)度是用于制造杯子的塑料的兩倍，而且絕對(duì)是可生物降解的)”可知，朱博士的研究發(fā)明了新的耐用材料，由此告訴我們創(chuàng)新精神產(chǎn)生更好的選擇。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostbagasseisburned.Often,itfuelslocalgeneratorsthatpowerthemills,soitisnotwasted.ButZhuHongli,amechanicalengineeratNortheasternUniversity,thinksitcanbeputtobetteruse.Abitofbagassemakesanexcellentandbiodegradablereplacementfortheplasticusedfordisposablefoodcontainerslikecoffeecups.(大部分甘蔗渣都被燒掉了。通常，它為當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)電機(jī)提供燃料，為工廠提供動(dòng)力，因此不會(huì)被浪費(fèi)。但東北大學(xué)機(jī)械工程師朱宏利認(rèn)為，它可以有更好的用途。一點(diǎn)甘蔗渣是一種很好的可生物降解的替代品，可以代替咖啡杯等一次性食品容器的塑料)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了科學(xué)家們利用甘蔗渣制作出了耐用，可生物降解的咖啡杯，同時(shí)避免了浪費(fèi)?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“一石二鳥(niǎo)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Somepeoplecanwalkintoaroomandinstantlyputeveryoneatease.Othersseemtomaketeethclenchandeyesrollnomatterwhattheydo.Asmallbodyofpsychologyresearchsupportstheideathatthewayapersontendstomakeothersfeelisaconsistentandmeasurablepartofhispersonality.____16____Thisconceptwasfirstdescribednearly10yearsagoinastudybyProfessorEisenkcraftandProfessorElfenbein,abusinessprofessoratWashingtonUniversity.Theyputstudentsintogroups,hadthemenrollinallthesameclassesforasemester,anddoeverygroupprojecttogether.____17____Theresearchersfoundthatasignificantportionofgroupmembers’emotionscouldbeaccountedforbytheaffectivepresenceoftheirpeers.____18____Ifonepersonfeelsangry,shemaywellinfectherneighborswiththatanger.Butaffectivepresenceisaneffectthatonehasregardlessofone’sownfeelings—thosewithpositiveaffectivepresencemakeotherpeoplefeelgood,eveniftheypersonallyareanxiousorsad.Andtheoppositeistrueforthosewithnegativeaffectivepresence.Exactlywhatpeoplearedoingthatsetsothersateaseorputsthemoffhasn’tyetbeenstudied.____19____ButElfenbeinsuggestthatabigpartofaffectivepresencemaybehowpeopleregulateemotions—thoseofothersandtheirown.Theemotionalregulationcouldtaketheformoffindingthepositiveinabadsituation,whichcanbehealthy.Butitcouldalsotaketheformofsuppressingone’sownemotionsjusttokeepotherpeoplefortable,whichislessso.Elfenbeinnotesthatpositiveaffectivepresenceisn’tinherentlygood,eitherforthepersonthemselves,orfortheirrelationshipswithothers.____20____And,shesays,“Youcanuseyourintelligencetocurecancer,butyoucanalsouseittobeacriminalmastermind.”A.Researcherscallit“affectivepresence”B.Ourownwayofbeinghasanemotionalsignature.C.Hemakesotherpeoplefeelgoodbyhispresence.D.It’sbeenknownforsometimethatemotionsareinfectious.E.Itmayhavetodowithbodylanguage,ortoneofvoice,orbeingagoodlistener.F.Thenthemembersofeachgroupratedhowmucheveryothermembermadethemfeel.G.Besides,shesuspectsthataffectivepresenceiscloselyrelatedtoemotionalintelligence.【答案】16.A17.F18.D19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要解釋了什么是“情感存在”以及其對(duì)人際關(guān)系的影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somepeoplecanwalkintoaroomandinstantlyputeveryoneatease.Othersseemtomaketeethclenchandeyesrollnomatterwhattheydo.Asmallbodyofpsychologyresearchsupportstheideathatthewayapersontendstomakeothersfeelisaconsistentandmeasurablepartofhispersonality.(有些人一走進(jìn)房間就能立刻讓每個(gè)人都放松下來(lái)。另一些人似乎無(wú)論做什么都要咬牙切齒，翻白眼。一小部分心理學(xué)研究支持這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即一個(gè)人給別人的感覺(jué)是他個(gè)性中始終如一的、可衡量的一部分)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，主要總結(jié)上述現(xiàn)象。故A選項(xiàng)“研究人員稱(chēng)之為‘情感存在’”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theyputstudentsintogroups,hadthemenrollinallthesameclassesforasemester,anddoeverygroupprojecttogether.(他們把學(xué)生分成小組，讓他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)學(xué)期內(nèi)注冊(cè)所有相同課程，并一起完成每個(gè)小組項(xiàng)目)”以及后文“Theresearchersfoundthatasignificantportionofgroupmembers’emotionscouldbeaccountedforbytheaffectivepresenceoftheirpeers.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，群體成員的很大一部分情緒可以通過(guò)同伴的情感存在來(lái)解釋)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明接下來(lái)的研究過(guò)程，結(jié)合后文提到了同伴情感，可知本句與同伴之間的情感判斷有關(guān)。故F選項(xiàng)“然后每組的成員對(duì)其他成員給他們的感覺(jué)打分”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ifonepersonfeelsangry,shemaywellinfectherneighborswiththatanger.Butaffectivepresenceisaneffectthatonehasregardlessofone’sownfeelings—thosewithpositiveaffectivepresencemakeotherpeoplefeelgood,eveniftheypersonallyareanxiousorsad.Andtheoppositeistrueforthosewithnegativeaffectivepresence.(如果一個(gè)人感到憤怒，她很可能會(huì)把這種憤怒傳染給她的鄰居。但情感存在是一種與個(gè)人感受無(wú)關(guān)的影響——那些積極的情感存在會(huì)讓其他人感覺(jué)良好，即使他們自己也很焦慮或悲傷。而對(duì)于那些有消極情感存在的人來(lái)說(shuō)，情況正好相反)”可知，本段的主旨是情緒具有傳染性。故D選項(xiàng)“一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，人們都知道情緒是會(huì)傳染的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Exactlywhatpeoplearedoingthatsetsothersateaseorputsthemoffhasn’tyetbeenstudied.(人們到底在做什么會(huì)讓別人放松或讓別人反感，目前還沒(méi)有研究)”可知，本句主要是對(duì)上文“做什么會(huì)讓別人放松或讓別人反感”的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行猜測(cè)性回答，故E選項(xiàng)“這可能與肢體語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調(diào)或做一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者有關(guān)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Elfenbeinnotesthatpositiveaffectivepresenceisn’tinherentlygood,eitherforthepersonthemselves,orfortheirrelationshipswithothers.(Elfenbein指出，積極的情感存在本身并不好，無(wú)論是對(duì)個(gè)人本身，還是對(duì)他們與他人的關(guān)系)”以及后文“And,shesays,“Youcanuseyourintelligencetocurecancer,butyoucanalsouseittobeacriminalmastermind.”(她說(shuō):“你可以用你的智慧來(lái)治療癌癥，但你也可以用它來(lái)成為一個(gè)犯罪策劃者。”)”可知，本句主要是在說(shuō)明Elfenbein對(duì)于情感存在的看法，且G選項(xiàng)intelligence可對(duì)應(yīng)后文intelligence。故G選項(xiàng)“此外，她懷疑情感存在與情商密切相關(guān)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThatdayIwalkedinthepostofficewithahugesmile.Mystoryhadbeenacceptedfor____21____inaChickenSoup.Aftermonthsofstressfullifeevents,Ihad(a)____22____inmystepandalightnessinmyheart.Grasped____23____inmyhandwastheformgivingpermissiontoprintmystory.Astheclerkstucktheformtomyenvelope,shesaid,“Tendollars,____24____only.Oursystemisdeadtoday.”Ifishedthroughmy____25____.Butwithoutluck.Tearscloudedmyvision.Thenadeepvoicebehindmesaid,“I’lltakecareofit.”Iturnedandmetaman’s____26____gazeasheheldoutatendollarbill.“Justpayitforward,”hesaid.Thatoftenoverusedphrasesent____27____downthroughmytoes.____28____hiskindness,IwaswalkingbacktomycarwhenInoticedsomethingglowinginthesun.Itwasacreditcard.____29____tofindtheowner,Iplayeddetectiveforseveralblocks.ThenI_____30_____ayoungmotherwiththreechildren.Shewas_____31_____throughsomebagsintheback.Iapproachedandasked,“AreyouJessicaSlate?”Hereyesgotround.“Yes!”“Ibelievethisisyours,”Ihandedherthecard.“You_____32_____myday,”shewipedawaytears,“Truly.”Whiledrivinghome,Imusedthatbeingkindonboththereceivingandthegivingendfelt_____33_____good.Firstwithcash,thenwithcredit,Ihad_____34_____aliteralinterpretationofpayingitforward.Whenitestoactsofkindness,allformsof_____35_____areacceptable.21.A.education B.application C.munication D.publication22.A.faith B.lead C.spring D.doubt23.A.firmly B.casually C.blindly D.effortlessly24.A.signature B.check C.cash D.credit25.A.form B.purse C.envelope D.car26.A.sympathetic B.curious C.hopeful D.appreciative27.A.desire B.joy C.panic D.despair28.A.Reflectingon B.Countingon C.Huntingfor D.Allowingfor29.A.Hesitant B.Content C.Inspired D.Determined30.A.anticipated B.spotted C.recognized D.contacted31.A.digging B.seeing C.cutting D.tearing32.A.fueled B.enriched C.marked D.saved33.A.partly B.equally C.seemingly D.naturally34.A.stamped B.imagined C.experienced D.accepted35.A.generosity B.donation C.payment D.submission【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.A27.B28.A29.D30.B31.A32.D33.B34.C35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于傳遞善意的故事，作者在郵局寄東西時(shí)遇到了付款上的困難，一個(gè)陌生男子主動(dòng)幫她支付了費(fèi)用，囑咐她只需要把愛(ài)傳遞下去。后來(lái)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張丟失的信用卡，并通過(guò)努力找到了失主，幫助了一個(gè)年輕的母親解決問(wèn)題。通過(guò)這些經(jīng)歷，作者深刻體會(huì)到接受和給予善意的感覺(jué)是同樣美好的?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的故事已被一個(gè)心靈雞湯類(lèi)的雜志接受出版。A.education教育；B.application申請(qǐng)；C.munication溝通；D.publication