物流外文文獻翻譯及外文原文及譯文-3d游戲開發(fā)技術(shù)研究與實現(xiàn)-游戲界面、圖形渲染、網(wǎng)絡功能

外文文獻原稿和譯文原稿LogisticsfromtheEnglishword"logistics",theoriginalintentofthemilitarylogisticssupport,inthesecondsideafterWorldWarIIhasbeenwidelyusedintheeconomicfield.LogisticsManagementAssociationoftheUnitedStatesisdefinedasthelogistics,"Logisticsistomeettheneedsofconsumersofrawmaterials,intermediateproducts,finalproductsandrelatedinformationtotheconsumerfromthebeginningtotheeffectiveflowandstorage,implementationandcontroloftheprocessof."Logisticsconsistsoffourkeycomponents:therealflow,realstorage,andmanagementtocoordinatetheflowofinformation.Theprimaryfunctionoflogisticsistocreatetimeandspaceeffectivenessoftheeffectivenessofthemainwaystoovercomethespacethroughthestoragedistance.Third-partylogisticsinthelogisticschannelservicesprovidedbybrokers,middlemenintheformofthecontractwithinacertainperiodoftimerequiredtoprovidelogisticsservicesinwholeorinpart.Isathird-partylogisticscompaniesfortheexternalcustomermanagement,controlandoperationoftheprovisionoflogisticsservicescompany.Accordingtostatistics,currentlyusedinEuropetheproportionofthird-partylogisticsservicesfor76percent,theUnitedStatesisabout58%,andthedemandisstillgrowing;24percentinEuropeandtheUnitedStates33%ofnon-third-partylogisticsserviceusersareactivelyconsideringtheuseofthird-partylogisticsservices.Asathird-partylogisticstoimprovethespeedofmaterialflow,warehousingcostsandfinancialsavingsinthecosteffectivemeansofpassers-by,hasbecomeincreasinglyattractedgreatattention.First,theadvantagesofusingathird-partylogisticsTheuseofthird-partylogisticsenterprisescanyieldmanybenefits,mainlyreflectedin:1,focusoncorebusinessManufacturerscanuseathird-partylogisticscompaniestoachieveoptimaldistributionofresources,limitedhumanandfinancialresourcestoconcentrateontheircoreenergy,tofocusonthedevelopmentofbasicskills,developnewproductsintheworldcompetition,andenhancethecorecompetitivenessofenterprises.2,cost-savingProfessionaluseofthird-partylogisticsproviders,theprofessionaladvantagesofmassproductionandcostadvantages,byprovidingthelinkcapacityutilizationtoachievecostsavings,sothatenterprisescanbenefitfromtheseparationofthecoststructure.Manufacturingenterpriseswiththeexpansionofmarketingservicestoparticipateinanydegreeofdepth,wouldgiverisetoasubstantialincreaseincosts,onlytheuseofprofessionalservicesprovidedbypublicservices,inordertominimizeadditionallosses.UniversityofTennesseeinaccordancewiththeUnitedStates,UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesEXELcompanyEMST&YOUNGconsultingfirmco-organizedasurvey:alotofcargothatenablethemtousethird-partylogisticslogisticscostsdeclinedbyanaverageof1.18percent,theaverageflowofgoodsfrom7.1daysto3.9days,stock8.2%lower.3,reductionofinventoryThird-partylogisticsserviceproviderswithwell-plannedlogisticsandtimelydeliverymeans,tominimizeinventory,improvecashflowoftheenterprisetoachievecostadvantages.4,enhancethecorporateimageThird-partylogisticsserviceprovidersandcustomersisastrategicpartnership,theuseofthird-partylogisticsproviderofcomprehensivefacilitiesandtrainedstaffonthewholesupplychaintoachievecompletecontrol,reducingthecomplexityoflogistics,throughtheirownnetworkstohelpimprovecustomerservice,notonlytoestablishtheirownbrandimage,butalsocustomersinthecompetition.Second,ThepurposeoftheimplementationoflogisticsmanagementThepurposeoftheimplementationoflogisticsmanagementistothelowestpossibletotalcostofconditionstoachievetheestablishedlevelofcustomerservice,orserviceadvantagesandseekcostadvantagesofadynamicequilibrium,andthuscreatecompetitiveenterprisesinthestrategicadvantage.Accordingtothisgoal,logisticsmanagementtosolvethebasicproblem,simplyput,istotherightproductstofitthenumberandtherightpriceattherighttimeandsuitablesitesavailabletocustomers.Logisticsmanagementsystemsthatusemethodstosolvetheproblem.ModernLogisticsnormallybeconsideredbythetransport,storage,packaging,handling,processingincirculation,distributionandinformationconstitutepartofall.Allhavetheirownpartoftheoriginalfunctions,interestsandconcepts.Systemapproachistheuseofmodernmanagementmethodsandmoderntechnologysothatallaspectsofinformationsharingingeneral,allthelinksasanintegratedsystemfororganizationandmanagement,sothatthesystemcanbeaslowaspossibleundertheconditionsofthetotalcost,providedthereCompetitiveadvantageofcustomerservice.Systemsapproachthatthesystemisnottheeffectivenessoftheirvariouslocallinks-effectivesimplesum.Systemmeansthat,there'sacertainaspectsoftheproblemandwanttoallofthefactorsaffectingtheanalysisandevaluation.Fromthisideaofthelogisticssystemisnotsimplythepursuitoftheirowninvariousareasofthelowestcost,becausethelogisticsofthelinkbetweenthebenefitsofmutualinfluence,thetendencyofmutualconstraints,thereistheturnoftherelationshipbetweenvulnerability.Forexample,toomuchemphasisonpackagingmaterialssavings,itcouldcausedamagebecauseoftheireasytotransportandhandlingcostsincreased.Therefore,thesystemsapproachstressestheneedtocarryoutthetotalcostanalysis,andtoavoidthesecondbesteffectandweighthecostoftheanalysis,soastoachievethelowestcost,whilemeetingtheestablishedlevelofcustomerservicepurposes.Third,China'senterprisesintheuseofthird-partylogisticsproblemsinWhilethird-partylogisticscompanyhasmanyadvantages,butnotmanyenterpriseswillbemoreoutsourcingofthelogisticsbusiness,thereasonsboildownto:1,resistancetochangeManycompaniesdonotwantthewaythroughthelogisticsoutsourcingeffortstochangethecurrentmode.Inparticular,somestate-ownedenterprises,wereflowwillalsomeanthatthedismissalofoutsourcingalargenumberofemployees,whichthemanagersofstate-ownedenterpriseswouldmeanaverygreatrisk.2,lackofawarenessForthird-partylogisticsenterprise'sgenerallylowlevelofawareness,lackofawarenessofenterprisesupplychainmanagementintheenterpriseofthegreatroleinthecompetition.3,fearoflosingcontrolAsaresultoftheimplementationofsupplychaincompaniesinenhancingthecompetitivenessoftheimportantrolethatmanycompanieswouldratherhaveasmallbutcompletelogisticsdepartmentandtheydonotpreferthesefunctionswillbehandedovertoothers,themainreasonsitisworriedthatiftheylosetheinternallogisticscapabilities,customerswillbeexchangesandover-relianceonotherthird-partylogisticscompanies.4,thelogisticsoutsourcinghasitsowncomplexitySupplychainlogisticsbusinessandcompaniesareusuallyotherservices,suchasfinance,marketingorproductionofintegratedlogisticsoutsourcingitselfwithcomplexity.Onanumberofpracticalbusiness,includingtheintegrationoftransportandstoragemayleadtoorganizational,administrativeandimplementationproblems.Inaddition,thecompany'sinternalinformationsystemintegrationfeatures,makingthelogisticsbusinesstoathirdpartylogisticscompanieshavebecomeverydifficulttooperate.5,tomeasuretheeffectoflogisticsoutsourcingbymanyfactorsAccuratelymeasurethecostofinformationtechnology,logisticsandhumanresourcesmoredifficult.Itisdifficulttodeterminethelogisticsoutsourcingcompaniesintheendbeabletobringthecostofhowmanypotentialgoodthings.Inaddition,alltheuniquenessofthecompany'sbusinessandcorporatesupplychainoperationalcapability,isusuallynotconsideredtobeinternaltotheexternalpublicinformation,itisdifficulttoaccuratelycomparetheinter-companysupplychainoperationalcapability.Althoughsomemanufacturershavebeenawareoftheuseofthird-partylogisticscompaniescanbringalotofgoodthings,butinpracticalapplicationsareoftendividedintoseveralsteps,atthesametimechooseanumberoflogisticsserviceprovidersaspartnersinordertoavoidthebusinessbyalogisticsserviceprovidersbroughtaboutbydependence.Fourth,China'sthird-partylogisticscompaniesinthedevelopmentoftheproblemsencounteredAsuccessfullogisticscompany,theoperatormusthavealargerscale,theestablishmentofeffectiveregionalcoveragearea,withastrongcommandandcontrolcenterwiththehighstandardofintegratedtechnical,financialresourcesandbusinessstrategy.China'sthird-partylogisticscompaniesinthedevelopmentoftheproblemsencounteredcanbesummarizedasfollows:1,operatingmodelAtpresent,mostoftheworld'slargestlogisticscompaniestaketheheadofficeandbranchsystem,centralizedheadquarters-stylelogisticsoperationtotaketotheimplementationofverticalbusinessmanagement.Theestablishmentofamodernlogisticsenterprisemusthaveastrong,flexiblecommandandcontrolcentertocontroltheentirelogisticsoperationsandcoordination.Realmustbeamodernlogisticscenter,aprofitcenter,businessorganizations,theframework,theinstitutionalformofeverymatchwithacenter.China'slogisticsenterprisesintheoperatingmodeoftheproblemsofforeignlogisticsenterprisesinthemanagementmodelshouldbefromthedomesticlogisticsenterprises.2,thelackofstorageortransportcapacityTheprimaryfunctionoflogisticsistocreatetimeandspaceutilitytheft.FornowChina'sthird-partylogisticsenterprises,somecompaniesfocusonstorage,lackoftransportcapacity;othercompaniesisalotoftransportvehiclesandwarehousesthroughoutthecountrylittlebyrentingwarehousestocompletethecommunity'scommitmenttocustomers.3,networkproblemsThereareafewlargecompanieshavethelogisticsoftheentirevehiclecargostoragenetworkornetworks,butthenetworkcoverageareaisnotperfect.Customersinthechoiceoflogisticspartner,areveryconcernedaboutnetworkcoverageandnetworkofregionalbranchesofthedensityproblem.Thebuildingofthenetworkshouldbeofgreatimportancetologisticsenterprises.4,informationtechnologyTheworld'slargestlogisticsenterpriseshave"three-classnetwork",thatis,ordersforinformationflow,resources,globalsupplychainnetwork,theglobalResourceNetworkusersandcomputerinformationnetwork.Withthemanagementofadvancedcomputertechnology,thesecustomersarealsothelogisticsoftheproductionofhighvalue-addedproductsbusiness,thedomesticlogisticsenterprisesmustincreaseinvestmentininformationsystemscanchangetheirmarketposition.Concentrationandintegrationisthethird-partylogisticstrendsinthedevelopmentofenterprises.Thereasonsare:firstly,thecompanyintendstomajoraspectsofsupplychainoutsourcingtothelowestpossiblenumberofseverallogisticscompanies;thesecond,theestablishmentofanefficientglobalthirdpartylogisticsinputsrequiredforincreasingthecapital;thethirdManythird-partylogisticsprovidersthroughmergersandjointapproachestoexpanditsservicecapabilities.譯文物流已廣泛應用于經(jīng)濟領域中的英文單詞“物流”，軍事后勤保障的原意，在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的第二面。美國物流管理協(xié)會物流被定義為：“物流是為滿足消費者的需求，原料，中間產(chǎn)品，最終產(chǎn)品及相關信息的消費者從一開始就有效流動和儲存，實施和控制的過程中?！蔽锪饔伤膫€主要部分：真正的流量，實時存儲，管理，協(xié)調(diào)的信息流。物流的主要功能是創(chuàng)建時間和空間的有效性的主要方式，通過存儲以克服空間距離。第三方物流在物流渠道由經(jīng)紀人提供的服務，中間商的合同的形式在一定期限內(nèi)的時間要求提供全部或部分物流服務。是為外部客戶管理，控制和提供物流服務的公司運作的第三方物流公司。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，目前在歐洲使用第三方物流服務的比例為76％，美國是58％左右，而需求仍在增長，24％在歐洲和美國33％的非第三方物流服務用戶正積極考慮使用第三方物流服務。作為第三方物流提高速度的物流，倉儲成本和財務儲蓄路人成本的有效手段，已成為越來越備受關注。首先，使用第三方物流的優(yōu)勢使用第三方物流企業(yè)可以帶來很多好處，主要體現(xiàn)在：1，專注于核心業(yè)務制造商可以使用一個第三方物流公司，以達到最佳的資源，有限的人力和財力資源分布集中于自己的核心能量，注重基本技能的發(fā)展，開發(fā)新的產(chǎn)品在世界上的競爭，并增強企業(yè)的核心競爭力的企業(yè)。2，節(jié)約成本的專業(yè)的第三方物流供應商，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的專業(yè)優(yōu)勢和成本優(yōu)勢，通過提供鏈路容量的利用率，實現(xiàn)節(jié)約成本，使企業(yè)可以受益于成本結(jié)構(gòu)分離。制造企業(yè)擴大營銷服務任何程度的深入?yún)⑴c，將帶來成本大幅增加，只有使用專業(yè)服務，提供公共服務，以盡量減少額外的損失。田納西大學根據(jù)與美國，英國及美國EXEL公司EMST＆YOUNG咨詢公司共同組織了一個調(diào)查：很多貨物，使他們能夠使用第三方物流的物流成本平均下降1.18％，貨物平均流量從7.1天到3.9天，庫存下降8.2％。3，減少庫存第三方物流服務供應商精心策劃的物流和及時交付手段，最大限度地降低庫存，提高現(xiàn)金流的企業(yè)，以實現(xiàn)成本優(yōu)勢。4，提升企業(yè)形象第三方物流服務提供商與客戶的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關系，利用完備的設施和訓練有素的工作人員的第三方物流供應商在整個供應鏈實現(xiàn)完全的控制，減少物流的復雜性，通過自己的網(wǎng)絡，以幫助提高客戶服務，不僅要樹立自己的品牌形象，但也有客戶在競爭中。二，實施物流管理的目的實施物流管理的目的就是以最低的總成本條件下實現(xiàn)既定水平的客戶服務，或服務優(yōu)勢，尋求成本優(yōu)勢的一種動態(tài)平衡，從而創(chuàng)造有競爭力的企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)這一目標，物流管理要解決的基本問題，簡單地說，是合適的產(chǎn)品在合適的時間和合適的地點提供給客戶的數(shù)量和合適的價格，以適應。物流管理系統(tǒng)使用的方法來解決這個問題。通常被認為是現(xiàn)代物流運輸，倉儲，包裝，裝卸，流通加工，配送和信息的所有組成部分。都有自己的原有的功能，利益和觀念的一部分。系統(tǒng)方法是運用現(xiàn)代管理方法和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，使各方面的信息共享在一般情況下，作為一個集成系統(tǒng)的組織和管理的所有環(huán)節(jié)，從而使該系統(tǒng)可以盡可能低的條件下，總成本，提供有競爭優(yōu)勢的客戶服務。系統(tǒng)方法，該系統(tǒng)的有效性是不是他們的各種本地鏈路有效的簡單相加。系統(tǒng)意味著，有一個某些方面的問題，并希望所有的因素影響的分析和評價。從物流系統(tǒng)的這種想法是不單純追求對自己在各個領域，以最低的成本，因為物流的好處之間的聯(lián)系，相互影響，相互制約的傾向，有轉(zhuǎn)之間的關系漏洞。例如，過分強調(diào)包裝材料的節(jié)約，它可能會造成的損害，因為他們?nèi)菀走\輸和處理成本增加。因此，系統(tǒng)的方法，強調(diào)有必要開展的總成本分析，以避免第二個最好的效果，并權(quán)衡成本進行了分析，從而達到以最低的成本，同時滿足既定水平的客戶服務目的。三，中國的企業(yè)在使用第三方物流的問題雖然第三方物流公司有很多優(yōu)點，但沒有多少企業(yè)將更多的物流業(yè)務外包，原因可歸結(jié)為：1，變革的阻力很多企業(yè)不想要的方式，通過物流外包的力度，改變目前的模式。尤其是一些國有企業(yè)，流量也將意味著解雇外包了大量的員工，國有企業(yè)的管理者將意味著很大的風險。2，缺乏認識對于第三方物流企業(yè)的認識水平普遍偏低，缺乏意識的企業(yè)供應鏈管理的企業(yè)在競爭中的巨大作用。3，害怕失去控制實施供應鏈企業(yè)提升競爭力的重要作用，許多公司寧愿有一個小而完整的物流部門，他們不喜歡這些功能將被移交給別人，主要的原因是由于它擔心如果失去內(nèi)部物流能力，客戶將交流與其他第三方物流公司的過度依賴。4，物流外包有其自身的復雜性供應鏈物流業(yè)務的公司以及其他服務，如財務，營銷或生產(chǎn)的綜合物流外包本身的復雜性。在一些實際業(yè)務，包括運輸和存儲的整合可能會導致組織，行政和執(zhí)行的問題。此外，公司的內(nèi)部信息系統(tǒng)集成功能，使得物流企業(yè)向第三方物流企業(yè)已經(jīng)變得非常難以操作。5，衡量物流外包的效果受多種因素準確測量的成本信息技術(shù)，物流和人力資源更加困難。這是很難確定物流外包的企業(yè)到底能夠帶來多少潛在的好東西的成本。此外，該公司的業(yè)務及企業(yè)供應鏈運作能力的獨特性，通常不被認為是內(nèi)部到外部的公共信息，這是很難準確地比較公司間的供應鏈運作能力。雖然有些廠家已經(jīng)意識到使用第三方物流公司可以帶來很多好東西，但在實際應用中往往分為幾個步驟，同時選擇一批物流服務供應商作為合作伙伴，以避免業(yè)務依賴所帶來的物流服務供應商。四，中國的第三方物流企業(yè)在發(fā)展中遇到的問題一個成功的物流公司，運營商必須有一個較大的規(guī)模，建立有效的區(qū)域覆蓋面積，高水準的綜合技術(shù)，財務資源和經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略具有強大的指揮和控制中心。中國第三方物流企業(yè)在發(fā)展中遇到的問題可以概括如下：1，經(jīng)營模式目前，世界上最大的物流公司大多數(shù)采取總行及分行系統(tǒng)，總部集中式物流運作，采取垂直業(yè)務管理的實施。建立現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)必須有一個強大的，靈活的指揮和控制中心來控制整個物流運作和協(xié)調(diào)。雷亞爾必須是一個現(xiàn)代化的物流中心，利潤中心，企業(yè)組織，框架，體制形式，每場比賽的中心。中國物流企業(yè)的經(jīng)營模式的問題，國外物流企業(yè)的管理模式應該是從國內(nèi)物流企業(yè)。2，缺乏儲存或運輸能力物流的主要功能是建立時間和空間的實用程序盜竊。對于現(xiàn)在中國的第三方物流企業(yè)，一些公司專注于儲存，運輸能力不足，其他公司是一個小租用倉庫來完成對社會的承諾，客戶在全國各地大量的運輸車輛和倉庫。3，網(wǎng)絡問題,有幾個大公司擁有的物流的整車貨物存儲網(wǎng)絡或網(wǎng)絡，但網(wǎng)絡覆蓋范圍是不完美的。客戶在選擇物流合作伙伴，都非常關心的網(wǎng)絡覆蓋和網(wǎng)絡區(qū)域分支機構(gòu)的密度問題。網(wǎng)絡的建設應該重視物流企業(yè)。4，信息技術(shù)全球最大的物流企業(yè)“的三級網(wǎng)絡”，即定單信息流，資源，全球供應鏈網(wǎng)絡，用戶的全球資源網(wǎng)絡和計算機信息網(wǎng)絡。隨著先進的計算機技術(shù)的管理，這些客戶是生產(chǎn)高附加值產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)的物流，國內(nèi)物流企業(yè)必須增加投資于信息系統(tǒng)，可以改變自己的市場地位。集中和整合是第三方物流企業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢。原因是：首先，公司擬以盡可能少的幾家物流公司的供應鏈外包的主要方面;第二，建立高效的全球第三方物流投入增加資本所需;第三，許多第三方物流供應商通過兼并和聯(lián)合的方法來擴大其服務能力。北京聯(lián)合大學畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文原文及譯文題目：3D游戲開發(fā)技術(shù)研究與實現(xiàn)--游戲界面、圖形渲染、網(wǎng)絡功能專業(yè)：計算機科學與技術(shù)指導教師：學院：師范學院學號：班級：計算機科學與技術(shù)姓名：一、外文原文Collisiondetectiontechnologyandartificialintelligenttechnologycouldbeappliedinthedevelopmentofgame,aswellastheareasofeducation,virtualreality,historicpreservation,geo-informationsystem,scientificresearch,entertainmentandbusiness.So,thereinforcingfortheresearchon3Dgametechnologyhasgreatpracticalsignificance.Andthesuccessfulresearchanddevelopmentofcollisiondetectiontechnologyandartificialintelligenttechnologythataresuitablefor3Dgamewillhavehugetheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalsignificance,wideapplicationprospects.Withthedevelopmentof3Dgameasplatform,thisarticledeeplyresearchescollisiondetectionalgorithmandartificialintelligenttechnologyingame,focusesontheproblemoflargecalculationamount,slowcalculationspeedandimprecisecollisiondetectionforcollisiondetectionalgorithmtoimprovethecollisiondetectioningamebythemethodofcombiningclass-boundingboxesandsegmentdetectionmethodwithspacepartitionmethod,whichcouldeffectivelypromotestheprecisionandspeedofcollisiondetectionalgorithm.Inaddition,thisarticleperfectspathsearchalgorithmofgame,improvestheproblemsoflong-timesearch,slowsearchingspeedinA*pathsearchalgorithmbyimprovingthepathsearchmethodofA*algorithm,restrainingsearchscopeandaggravatingtheweightofheuristicfunction.COLLISIONDETECTIONALGORITHMTheBVH(boundingvolumehierarchy)incollisiondetectionalgorithmisoneofthemostwidelyusedcollisiondetectionmethods.ThecrossingtestamongBBBissimple,butthecompactnessofBBBcollisiondetectionalgorithmisbad.Thisarticlemakesimprovementforboundingvolume’scompactnessanddetectionmethodofAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithm.Improvetheidea:thecoreofcollisiondetectionalgorithmisrealtimeandprecision.Somegamecouldsacrificesomeprecisiontogetrealtime.ThesystemwilladoptcollisiondetectionalgorithmbasedonAABB,andimprovetheproblemofbadcompactnessandlargecalculationamountexistedinAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithmtocertainextent,withthepurposeofmakingtheimprovedcollisiondetectionalgorithmsimple,speedyandprecise.Improvementideamainlyincludesthefollowingaspects:1)applyBSPtodiscomposespaceofscenetoreducethecalculationamountforcollisiondetection;2)optimizeboundingvolume;3)putforwardsegmentcollisiondetectionalgorithmtopromotethespeedofAABBcollisiondetection.BSPdecompositionscene:theprecisionandspeedofcollisiondetectionistheimportantpropertyofgame.Ifwesupposethereare100objectsinworld,forRPGgame,systemhastomakecollisiondetectionfor100objectsand1002calculationsofcollisiondetection.Iftheareotherobjectsexistinginsystem,toolargecalculationamountandtoobadsystemperformancearedifficulttobeacceptedbyplayers.So,itisnecessarytopromotethespeedofcollisiondetection.Thisarticlemainlyprovidesthefollowingtwomethodstopromotethespeedofcollisiondetection.Firstly,asabovementioned,ifthegamesceneisnotdecomposed,collisiondetectionhastodetecteachobjectforcollision,butinthesedetections,mostofcollisiondetectionisuseless,so,precioustimeandresourcearewastedforidolworkinthisway.Thenhowtoreducethissituation?Consideringfromtheaspectofdatastructure,binominalmethodshallbeadoptedtodecomposescene.Binominalmethodcouldnotonlybeusedtomanagescene,butalsobeappliedintocollisiondetection.Binominalmethodcoulddivideobjectintodifferentarea.Eachunitcontainslittleobject,andcollisiondetectioncouldbedoneinlinewitharea.BSPtreehastheadvantagetotraversethreedimensionalspacesalongBSPtree.Foreachiteration,50%objectsthatareimpossibletoconflictintreedimensionalspacecouldbeeliminateduntilthecoincidentobjectisfound,bycomparingcentralsiblingnodesofobjects.Thismethodissimpleandspeedy,whichjustneedlog2N,orevenNstepforbadsituation,tofinishcollisiondetection.Therefore,theadoptionofBSPtreefordecompositionscenepromotesthespeedofcollisiondetectiontoagreatextentsoastoreducethecalculationamountforcollisiondetection.Secondly,thespeedofcollisiondetectioncouldbepromotedfromthepointofspace.Gamesceneincludesstaticanddynamicobject.Iftheboundingvolumesforthemareupdatedcontinuously,thiswillcostmanytimetocalculatetheboundingvolumeforalltheobjects,whichundoubtedlyincreasesunnecessarycalculation.Becausetheboundingvolumeofstaticdoesnotchange,soitisnotnecessarytoupdatetheirboundingvolume.Accordingly,objectinstaticscenehasalreadyconfirmeditsboundingvolumeincallingstage,anddoesnotupdatetheirboundingvolumes.Inordertoguaranteetheprecisionofcollisiondetection,theboundingvolumeofdynamicplayermustbeupdatedrealtime.Theadoptionofthismethodcouldreducethecalculationamountofcollisiondetectionalgorithmtoaverygreatextent,andpromotetherunningspeedofgame.Optimizeboundingvolume:inordertopromotetheprecisionofcollisiondetection.Butgamesceneincludesdynamicroleandstaticobject,iftheboundingvolumeofeveryobjectisupdatedrealtime,itwillincreaseunnecessarytimeforcalculation.Thus,AABBboundingvolumefortheobjectinsceneshallbeboundinlinewithclasswhendevelopingthisgame.Forthestaticobjectinscenesuchaswall,house,treeandotherobjectswithregularshape,onlyoneboundingvolumeshallbebound,andwillnotbeupdatedrealtime,thecollisiondetectioningamewillbeseriouslyaffected.Thesystemjustupdatestheboundingvolumeofdynamicrolerealtime.Thewidthofboundingvolumeshallbedesignedasthemaximumstridefortheactingmovementofrole.Iftheboundingvolumeistoosmall,thecollisiondetectionwillbeimprecise,andthecollisionwillshowsthephenomenonofdistortion;iftheboundingvolumeistoobig,therealtimeofcollisionwillbebad,so,aproperdesignofboundingvolumewillproducetheeffectofgettingtwofoldresultswithhalftheeffortforthecollisiondetectionbetweenobjects.Thesteplengthofdynamicrolealsoaffectstheprecisionofcollisiondetection.Ifthesteplengthofroleistoobig,thefollowingsituationsprobablyhappen:whenthepreviousframehasn’tcollidewithobject,thenextframeprobablyhasgonethroughthisobject,whichmeansthatthepenetrationsituationisveryeasytohappenfortheobjectsmallerthanthesteplengthofrole.Inordertopreventthepenetrating,thesteplengthofroleshallbeincreasedproperlyintheprocessofproducingcharacteranimation.Segmentcollisiondetectionalgorithm:gamesystemhaslowrequirementfortheprecisionofcollisiondetection,buthashigherrequirementfortherunningspeedofgame.Thestaticobjectingamescenedonotneedtotakecollisiondetection,andthecollisionwouldhappenonlybetweendynamicroleandstaticobject.Thescenemodelsofgamearemostlyregularobject,sotheadoptionofAABBboundingvolumeisenoughtoexpresstheobjectinsceneapproximately.ThecollisiondetectionfortwoAABBobjectsneedstocalculateatleastfor6times,while,ifmcollisiondetectionsaremadebeforecollision,6mcalculationsbetweenAABBpolygonsisneeded.Thisnotonlyhaslargecalculationamount,butalsowasteoftime,becasetheanswercouldbeobtainedonlywithmcalculationsifthereisnocollision.ThemethodforsolutionistomakecrossingtestwithrayandstaticAABBbeforethecollisionoftwoobjects.Inthisprocess,theAABBsidethatispossibletocollideisconfirmed,andisnotchangedintothesideofdynamicAABBroleandstaticAABBthatispossibletocollideuntiltwoobjectsisgoingtocollidesoastomakecollisiondetection.However,theopportunitytodecidetodisplaceraywithAABBboundingvolumeisobtainedthroughthedistanceofrayandAABBboundingvolumeofstaticobject.Withtheimprovedcollisiondetectionalgorithm,thecalculationamountdecreasesnearlyahalf.Thealgorithmisdescribedasfollows:1)selectthecentralpointSofboundingvolumeofplayerroleandthevectorVofmovingdirectionandmakearaywith(S,V)asparameter;2)utilizeBSPtreedecompositionmethodtoquicklyfindtheareathatisprobablytakecollisiondetection;3)takethecollisiondetectionfortherayandstaticAABBobject:estimatethedistancebetweenrayandstaticAABBobject,estimateAABBsidethatprobablycollide,eliminatethesidethatisimpossibletocollide,ifreachthesetthreshold,thencontinue;takecollisionOPTIMIZATIONOFALGORITHMLargestoragespaceandslowcalculationspeedisthebiggestdisadvantageofA*pathsearchalgorithm.Thisarticleadoptsthreemethodstooptimizeandimprovepathsearch.Withthemethodofgradingforpathsearch,A*algorithmembodiestheintelligenceofNPCinpathsearch,buthastwodefects:A*algorithmneedstomaintainheuristicinformation,presentnodeandexpandingnode,while,itneedsinnerstoragewithexponentialquantityforworstsituation,andobjectivepointsearchedbyA*algorithmarebothstatic,buttheplayerroleinthissystemisdynamic,thisobviouslyincreasesthecomplexityforpathsearch.A*pathsearchisratherdifficulttoachieve.So,itisnecessarytoimproveA*pathsearchalgorithm.Byobservation，wefindthatalltheoptimalroutesarethestraightlinebetweenstartingpointandobjectivepointintheconditionofnoobstacle.Ifthereisobstacle,eachturningpointmustlocateinthepeakofconvexpolygonofobstacle.Onthebasisoftheaboveideaforsearchingpath,thissystemadoptsgradingpathsearchmethod,whichmeansthatnon-playerroleapproachobjectatthepathwithoutobstacle,A*algorithmshallbeusedforpathsearchwhenthedistancebetweennon-playerroleandobstaclereachessetthresholdd,thentheoptimalnodeshallbeselectedrealtimetochangepath.Forthemovementinthestraightlineoftwopoints,theextendingnodeisverylittle,andcalculationamountisverysmall.Figure1isthesketchmapforthegradingpathsearchmethodadoptedinthisarticle,amongwhichstartingpointindicatesNPC,objectivepointindicatesplayerrole.UisthemovingdirectionofNPC,Vismovingdirectionofplayerrole.ThepartfromstartingpointNPCtonodeadoptspathmovementofstraightline.WhenthedistancebetweenNPCandobstaclereachesthresholdd,theimprovedA*algorithmshallbeusedtomakeregularpathsearch.Segmentpathsearchmethodwillgreatlyreducethesearchingtimes,andwouldnotincreasethesearchingtimefortheincreaseofdistance.Figure1:thesketchmapofsegmentpathsearchThestepsofimprovedalgorithm:1)letcoordinatepointSofnon-playerroleasstartingnodeandcoordinatepointGofplayerroleasobjectivenode;2)calculated=|G-S|;3)ifd<D(thresholdsetbypeople),NPCisactivated,otherwise,turnbackto1);4)pathsearchinstraightline,runafterplayerrolealongthedirectionofray;5)ifthereisobstacleQinpath,calculate|Q-S|;eq\o\ac(○,1)if|Q-S|<k((thresholdsetbypeople),calltheimprovedA*algorithm;eq\o\ac(○,2)otherwise,turnbackto5);6)turnto4).repeat.EXPERIMENTALRESULTANDANALYSISCollisiondetectionalgorithm:inthisprocedure,theactionrespondingtocollisionisthatvirtualcharacterslidesalongtheedgeoftheobjectcollidingsoastoavoidobstacle.Inthisprocess,youhavetopayattentiontothesituationthatdis0.ThisexperimentadoptsAABBcollisiondetectionalgorithmandimprovedalgorithm.Then,comparetheexperimentaldataofstorage’scallingtimeandgame’srenderingfrequencyoftwoalgorithms,where100groupsofexperimentaldataarecollectedforprovisionandtheaverageforrandomselectionof10groupsismadeforcomparison.Thecomparisonofexperimentalresultsisshowninfigure2andfigure3.

二、譯文碰撞檢測技術(shù)和人工智能技術(shù)可以