Unit4AdversityandCouragePeriod1ReadingandThinking（學(xué)案）-高二英語學(xué)與練（人教選擇性）

選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit4AdversityandCouragePeriod1ReadingandThinking001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)Ⅰ單詞認(rèn)讀關(guān)(先填后記誦)一、基礎(chǔ)詞匯記其形1.

____________

n.

困境；逆境2.

____________

vt.

分派；布置；分配3.

____________

n.

&

vt.

羨慕；妒忌4.

____________

vt.

毀壞；壓壞；壓碎

n.

擁擠的人群5.

____________

vt.

舍棄；拋棄；放棄6.

____________

adj.

痛苦的，令人難受的7.

____________

adj.

相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的；正派的；得體的8.

____________

adj.

真正的；真誠(chéng)的；可信賴的9.

____________

vi.

堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求10.

____________

vi.

&

vt.

決定；決心；解決n.

決心；堅(jiān)定的信念11.

____________

adj.

殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的12.

____________

adv.

幸運(yùn)地13.

____________

n.

指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航1.

adversity

n.

困境；逆境2.

assign

vt.

分派；布置；分配3.

envy

n.

&

vt.

羨慕；妒忌4.

crush

vt.

毀壞；壓壞；壓碎

n.

擁擠的人群5.

abandon

vt.

舍棄；拋棄；放棄6.

miserable

adj.

痛苦的，令人難受的7.

decent

adj.

相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的；正派的；得體的8.

genuine

adj.

真正的；真誠(chéng)的；可信賴的9.

persevere

vi.

堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求10.

resolve

vi.

&

vt.

決定；決心；解決（問題或困難）

n.

決心；堅(jiān)定的信念11.

cruel

adj.

殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的12.

fortunately

adv.

幸運(yùn)地13.

guidance

n.

指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航二、核心詞匯記中變1.endurevt.忍耐；容忍→____________n.忍耐力；耐久力2.qualifyvt.(使)具有資格；(使)合格→____________adj.符合資格；具備……的知識(shí)(或技能、學(xué)歷等)→____________n.資格；資歷；資格證書3.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→____________adv.熱心地→____________n.熱心；熱情4.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→____________n.分配；任務(wù)5.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；沉迷于→____________adj.被拋棄的；放縱的6.belongv.屬于→____________n.(pl.)財(cái)物；動(dòng)產(chǎn)7.selfishadj.自私的→____________adv.自私地→____________n.自私自利8.perseverevi.堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求→____________n.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神9.crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→____________adv.殘酷地；殘忍地；冷酷地→____________n.殘忍；殘酷；冷酷10.resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→____________n.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定11.fortunen.財(cái)富；命運(yùn)；運(yùn)氣→____________adv.幸運(yùn)地→____________adj.不幸的→____________adv.不幸地；遺憾地12.guidevt.指導(dǎo)n.指南→____________n.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航13.advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→____________n.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)→____________n.廣告14.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的→____________n.公司1.endurevt.忍耐；容忍→endurancen.忍耐力；耐久力2.qualifyvt.(使)具有資格；(使)合格→qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(shí)(或技能、學(xué)歷等)→qualificationn.資格；資歷；資格證書3.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱心地→enthusiasmn.熱心；熱情4.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn.分配；任務(wù)5.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；沉迷于→abandonedadj.被拋棄的；放縱的6.belongv.屬于→belongingsn.(pl.)財(cái)物；動(dòng)產(chǎn)7.selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selfishnessn.自私自利8.perseverevi.堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求→perseverancen.毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神9.crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.殘酷地；殘忍地；冷酷地→crueltyn.殘忍；殘酷；冷酷10.resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→resolutionn.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定11.fortunen.財(cái)富；命運(yùn)；運(yùn)氣→fortunatelyadv.幸運(yùn)地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地12.guidevt.指導(dǎo)n.指南→guidancen.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航13.advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→advertisingn.廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)→advertisementn.廣告14.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的→corporationn.公司15.roughadj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的；崎嶇的；艱難的；粗魯?shù)摹鷕oughlyadv.粗略地；大約16.navigatev.導(dǎo)航；航行；航海；橫渡→navigatorn.領(lǐng)航員；(飛機(jī)、船舶等上的)航行者17.loyaladj.忠誠(chéng)的；忠實(shí)的→loyaltyn.忠誠(chéng)；忠實(shí)18mitvt.犯(錯(cuò)誤、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù)；(使)作出保證→mittedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的→mitmentn.承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)三、閱讀詞匯識(shí)其義1.

wage

n.

____________________2.

bitter

adj.

____________________3.

expedition

n.

____________________4.

endurance

n.

____________________5.

vigour(vigor)

n.

____________________6.

turnsbdown

____________________7.

qualified

adj.

____________________8.

enthusiastic

adj.

____________________9.

aboard

adv.

&

prep.

____________________10.

cupboard

n.

____________________11.

steward

n.

____________________12.

sink

vi.

____________________

vt.

____________________13.

stove

n.

____________________14.

blanket

n.

____________________15.

belongings

n.

[pl.]____________________16.

banjo

n.

____________________17.

voyage

n.&vi.

____________________18.

navy

n.

____________________19.

cosy

adj.

____________________20.

selfish

adj.

____________________21.

good/badtempered

adj.

____________________22.

perseverance

n.

____________________23.

resolution

n.

____________________24.

crew

n.

____________________25.

thorough

adj.

____________________26.

furniture

n.

____________________27.

unfortunately

adv.

____________________28.

bark

vi.

&

n.

____________________29.

rugby

n.

____________________30.

bat

n.

______________

vi.&vt.

________________31.

damp

adj.

____________________32.

recreation

n.

____________________33.

nephew

n.

____________________34.

advertising

n.

____________________35.

advertise

vt.

&

vi.

____________________36.

cooperate

adj.

____________________1.

wage

n.

工資2.

bitter

adj.

嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3.

expedition

n.

探險(xiǎn)；遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)4.

endurance

n.

忍耐力；耐久力5.

vigour(vigor)

n.

精力；力量；活力6.

turnsbdown

拒絕（某人）7.

qualified

adj.

符合資格；具備……的知識(shí)（或技能、學(xué)歷等）8.

enthusiastic

adj.

熱情的；熱心的9.

aboard

adv.

&

prep.

上（船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等）10.

cupboard

n.

櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜11.

steward

n.

（輪船、飛機(jī)或火車上的）乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員12.

sink

vi.

沉沒；下沉；下降

vt.

使下沉；使沉沒13.

stove

n.

爐具；廚房灶具14.

blanket

n.

毯子15.

belongings

n.

[pl.]

財(cái)物；動(dòng)產(chǎn)16.

banjo

n.

班卓琴（樂器）17.

voyage

n.&vi.

航海；航行18.

navy

n.

海軍；海軍部隊(duì)19.

cosy

adj.

溫馨的；舒適的20.

selfish

adj.

自私的21.

good/badtempered

adj.

脾氣好的/壞的22.

perseverance

n.

毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神23.

resolution

n.

決議；解決；堅(jiān)定24.

crew

n.

（輪船、飛機(jī)等上面的）全體工作人員；專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)；一群人25.

thorough

adj.

深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的26.

furniture

n.

家具27.

unfortunately

adv.

不幸地；遺憾地28.

bark

vi.

&

n.

（狗）吠叫；吠叫聲29.

rugby

n.

橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)30.

bat

n.

球拍；蝙蝠

vi.&vt.

用球板擊球；揮打；拍打31.

damp

adj.

潮濕的，濕氣重的32.

recreation

n.

娛樂；消遣；游戲33.

nephew

n.

侄子；外甥34.

advertising

n.

廣告活動(dòng)；廣告業(yè)35.

advertise

vt.

&

vi.

公布；宣傳；做廣告36.

cooperate

adj.

公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的Ⅱ語塊記誦關(guān)(先填后記誦)1._____________________人員招募2._____________________參加探險(xiǎn)3._____________________前往...的探險(xiǎn)4._____________________夢(mèng)想5._____________________做好準(zhǔn)備6_____________________在.......歲時(shí)7._____________________健康8._____________________充滿活力9._____________________申請(qǐng)做某事10._____________________拒絕某人11._____________________某人沒有資格12._____________________某人對(duì)某事如此熱情以至于……13._____________________出發(fā)14._____________________折回，返回15._____________________給某人一份工作16_____________________指派我去做服務(wù)員17._____________________卡在冰里18._____________________棄船19._____________________個(gè)人物品20._____________________扔掉21._____________________令我們驚訝的是22._____________________振奮某人的精神23._____________________在冰上扎營(yíng)24._____________________設(shè)法生存25._____________________好幾天；多日26._____________________不久之后；稍后27._____________________獲得成功；成功做到（其他意思：準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)）28._____________________情緒不高的（low生義：沮喪的；消沉的）29._____________________堅(jiān)持?。坏纫坏?；別掛斷；30._____________________變成31._____________________到現(xiàn)在；目前為止32._____________________畢竟；終究1.menwanted人員招募2.joinanexpedition參加探險(xiǎn)3.anexpeditionto...前往...的探險(xiǎn)4.dreamof夢(mèng)想5.bereadyfor做好準(zhǔn)備6.attheageof在.......歲時(shí)7.befit健康8.befullofvigour充滿活力9.applytodo申請(qǐng)做某事10.turnsb.down拒絕某人11.sb.benotqualified某人沒有資格12.sb.beenthusiasticaboutsth.that某人對(duì)某事如此熱情以至于……13.setoff出發(fā)14.turnback折回，返回15.offersb.ajob給某人一份工作16.assignmetobeasteward指派我去做服務(wù)員17.beestuckintheice卡在冰里18.abandon

theship棄船19.personalbelongings個(gè)人物品20.throwaway扔掉21.tooursurprise令我們驚訝的是22.keepone’sspiritsup振奮某人的精神23.campontheice在冰上扎營(yíng)24.managetosurvive設(shè)法生存25.fordays好幾天；多日26.soonafter不久之后；稍后27.makeit獲得成功；成功做到（其他意思：準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)）28.feellow情緒不高的（low生義：沮喪的；消沉的）29.holdon堅(jiān)持??；等一等；別掛斷；30.turninto變成31.bynow到現(xiàn)在；目前為止32.afterall畢竟；終究Ⅲ.佳句賞析關(guān)(先賞后譯)ButthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.Wearenowcrowdedtogetherunderoneofourboatsontherockyshoreofthismiserableplace.但是象島上的情況越來越糟糕。現(xiàn)在，在這個(gè)悲慘之地的巖石海岸，我們擠在一艘小船下。However,thesehappymemoriesaresooninterruptedbyasuddencoldrushofair.然而，這些快樂的回憶很快被突然涌進(jìn)的一股冷空氣打斷。Theirgenuineconcernforothers,theirperseverance,andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.他們對(duì)別人的真心關(guān)懷、他們的鍥而不舍以及堅(jiān)定的信念，讓我充滿希望。002語篇理解Step1Pre-reading1.Whathappenedto“Endurance”inthephoto?2.Howwouldyoufeelandwhatwouldyoudoifyouwereonthisship.Answers:1.Thisshipinthephotolooksasifithasgotstuckinsomeice.2.IfIwereonthatship,Iwouldfeelworriedbecauseitisprobablyfarfromanylandortownandonecouldrunoutofsuppliesquickly.Althoughitmightbebesttostayontheshipandwaitforhelptoe,IthinkIwouldleaveandtrytofindhelp,becausenoonewouldfindyouinsuchaplace.Anyrescueshipwouldfacethesameproblem!ReadthisadvertisementthatwaspostedbyErnestShackleton,thefamousBritishexplorer.Discussthequestionswithyourgroupmembers.Q1.Whatdoes“smallwages”mean?Q2.Whatisthemeaningof“bittercold”here?Whatkindofmendoyouthinkcouldendurebittercold?Q3.Accordingtotheadvertisement,whatkindofmenwasErnestShackletonlookingfor?Q4.Wouldyouliketojoinanexpeditionlikethis?Whyorwhynot?答案3.Accordingtotheadvertisement,Shackletonwaslookingformenwhowerenotinterestedinmoneyorfort,butinhonourandachievement,whichcannotbebought.4.Iwouldliketojoinanexpeditionlikethis.Althoughitwouldbeextremelytough,thesenseofachievementIwouldgetfromdoingitwouldbeworthit.Idon’tthinkIcouldgetthesamefeelingfromanythingelse.Step2While-readingTask1:Fastreading1.Findthebasicinformationabouttheexpeditionandfinishthefollowingchart.2.Whatisthemainideaofeachdiary?Task2:Readfordetails1.Diary1HowdidBlackborowetojointheexpedition?2.Diary2WhathappenedtoEndurance?Whatdidthecrewmembershavetodo?WhydidheallowHusseytokeephisbanjo?3.Diary3WhatdidShackletondotomakesureallcrewmemberscouldsurvive?Whatdidthecrewmembershavetodotomakesuretheycouldsurvive?答案：Task1.1.2.Task21.2.EndurancegotstuckiniceasitapproachedAntarctica.Theshipgotcrushedandthecrewhadtoabandonit.Thecrewhadtocollectessentialsuppliesandcampontheice.BecauseHusseycouldplayittokeeptheirspiritsup.3.Shackletonmadesuretheysurvivedbyleavingwithafewmentofindhelp.Itwastoodangerousforallthementogo.Theyhadtocatchsealsorpenguinstofeedthemselves.4.Para.5Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Theauthor’spurposeistoinformthereadersandinspirethemtodowhatevertheycantodealwiththisproblem.Step3Post-readingAfterShackleton,BlackborowandFrankWildweresavedandwentback,theywereinvitedtoseveralinterviews.Workingroupstomakeaninterviewwithyourpartners.Step4HomeworkImagineyouwerePerceBlackborow.Writeamessageinabottletoexplainyoursituationandaskforhelp.003語言學(xué)習(xí)Part1核心詞匯1.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地；熱心地→enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心【用法歸納】beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth對(duì)(做)某事有熱情lack/fullofenthusiasm缺乏/充滿熱情withenthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)熱情地【學(xué)以致用】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Heisselfishandbadtempered.Thus，hewillneverbeenthusiastic__________helpingthoseintrouble.②Inspiredbythe__________(enthusiastic)andencouragement，Davidquickenedhispaceinhighspirits.③BernardandJohnstill____________________inspiteofseveralfailures.盡管失敗了幾次，伯納德和約翰仍然熱情地做爆米花。about,enthusiasm,madepopcornenthusiastically/withenthusiasm2.envyn.&vt.羨慕；妒忌→enviousadj.嫉妒的；羨慕的【用法歸納】envysbsth羨慕某人有某物envysbdoingsth羨慕某人做某事withenvy羨慕地；嫉妒地outofenvy出于嫉妒begreenwithenvy嫉妒地眼紅beenviousof...羨慕/嫉妒……【學(xué)以致用】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①I__________(envy)himbeingenthusiasticandfullofenergyanditseemedthatheneverfeltexhausted.②Iam__________(envy)ofyou，becauseyouareleadingsuchacosyanddecentlife.③I____________________becauseshewasreallydressedtotheteethattheparty.她在派對(duì)上穿得真華麗，我非常眼紅。envied,envious,wasgreenwithenvy3.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；沉迷于→abandonedadj.被遺棄的；放縱的【用法歸納】abandononeselfto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)……；縱情于(做)……abandondoingsth放棄做某事withabandon放縱地，放任地beabandonedto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)……【學(xué)以致用】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子/句式升級(jí)①Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeel__________(abandon).②Hislastwordwentlikeabullettoherheart.S________________________________________.他最后一句話太扎心了。她大哭起來，陷入絕望。③Iabandonedmyselftoputergames.Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexamination.→______________________________，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexamination.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)→______________________________，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheendoftermexamination.(形容詞短語作狀語)abandoned,Sheburstintotearsandabandonedherselftodespair,Abandoningmyselftoputergames,Abandonedtoputergames4.sink(sank/sunk，sunk)vi.沉沒；下沉；下降；倒下；坐下；(心情)沮喪，(情緒)低落vt.使下沉；使沉沒n.洗滌槽，水槽【用法歸納】sinkinto/down/back頹然坐下/重重倒下/向后倒下sinkintosth漸漸進(jìn)入(消極、不快等)狀態(tài)one’sheart/spiritssink心情沉重；情緒低落asinkingfeeling/ship頹喪感/沉船【學(xué)以致用】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Witha__________(sink)heart，hedraggedhisfeethome.②Shemurmuredherthanksand__________(sink)downintoherchair.③____________________.Shefeltseizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldn’tholdbackhertears.(情感描寫)她心情沉重。她突然感到很悲傷，忍不住落下淚來。sinking,sank/sunk,Herheartsank/sunk5.resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n.決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→resolutionn.決議；解決；堅(jiān)定【用法歸納】resolvetodosth決定做某事makearesolutiontodo...下定決心做……【以練促學(xué)】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Wehavemadearesolution__________(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.②Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，so____________________________________________________________(文化遺產(chǎn)與保護(hù))文化遺產(chǎn)代表我們祖先的智慧，因此我們國(guó)家已經(jīng)決定不遺余力地保護(hù)它們。toreduce,ourcountryhasresolvedtosparenoefforttoprotectthem.Part2核心句型Greatworksareperformednotbystrength,butperseverance.成就偉業(yè)不在于體力,而在于堅(jiān)韌不拔的毅力?！揪涫椒治觥縩ot…but…“____________________”，not后接被否定的內(nèi)容，but后面接被認(rèn)可的事實(shí)。用法：連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則?！緦W(xué)以致用】NotTom’parentsbutTom_________(love)fishing.不是......而是loves【名師提醒】常見句型列舉：notjust…but…/notonly…but(also)…/not...but...該句型可連接兩個(gè)并列的主語、謂語、賓語、表語和狀語，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后一部分。當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)同靠近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。多與anything,nothing,anybody,nobody,who,all,none連用，后接名詞或代詞，如作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與but前的代詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致性?！就卣咕毩?xí)】1.Notjustyoubuthe_____(like)thecountrymusicverymuch.2.Hecannotjustdrivebut_____(repair)acar.3.Ilikenotjustpopmusic________countrymusic.4.Thisbookisnotjustinteresting________useful.5.LuXunisfamousnotjustinChina_________inthewholeworld.6.Nobodybutthey______(know)thesecret.likes,repair,but(also),but(also),but(also),knowWearenowcampedontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurvive.現(xiàn)在，我們?cè)诒鶎由显鸂I(yíng)，一直在設(shè)法生存下來?！揪涫椒治觥?1)Myclothesarewet,becauseIhavebeenwalkinginthestreet.(2)Whohasbeentellingyousuchnonsense?(3)Shehasbeentellingmethetruth.(4)Who’sbeeninterruptingyou?(5)Ihavebeensayinggoodbyetoafewfriendstoday.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去開始發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。（見文本例句）表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。（見例句1）表示某種感情色彩。（見例句2和4）表示過去某種愿望未實(shí)現(xiàn)，某種企圖或希望落空，含有遺憾、不耐煩的情緒。（見例句3）表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和造成的結(jié)果。（相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（見例句5）【學(xué)以致用】(1)CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_______________(study)Englishforayear.(2)—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He___________________(prepare)foritformonths.(3)Bythetimeherealizeshe____________(walk)intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.hasbeenstudying,hasbeenpreparing,haswalkedWithoutFrankandErnest,we’dallbedeadbynow.要是沒有弗蘭克和歐內(nèi)斯特，我們現(xiàn)在早就沒命了?！揪涫椒治觥?1)We’dbebetteroffwithoutthem____neighbours.(2)I’mverynearsightedwithoutglasses______.(3)Theydebatedforhourswithoutadecision__________(take).(4)Withoutanotherword_________(exchange),theystartedoff.(5)Withoutanyone_________(help),howcanwegoon?without＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語用法如下：(1)without+賓語+介詞（見例句1）(2)without+賓語+副詞（見例句2）(3)without+賓語+動(dòng)名詞（見例句3）(4)without+賓語+過去分詞（見例句4）(5)without+賓語+不定式（見例句5）as,on,beingtaken,exchanged,tohelp【名師提醒】without在虛擬語氣中的用法：(1)without表示將來時(shí)間虛擬語氣的情況：Idon’tknowwhatwe_________(do)withoutyou.(2)without表示過去時(shí)間虛擬語氣的情況：Withouttheirsupport,theproject____________________(be)successful.(3)without表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間虛擬語氣的情況：Withoutair,there_____________(be)livingthingsintheworldnow.without在虛擬語氣中的用法總結(jié)：表示將來，主句用would/should/could/might+do表示過去，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone3表示現(xiàn)在，主句用would/should/could/might+dowoulddo,wouldnothavebeen,wouldn’tbe004隨堂小練Part1動(dòng)詞的形式變化和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.TodayIamas_________aboutmyjobasthefirstdayandmy_________enablesmetotreatmyjob_________.(enthusiastic)2.Believeitornot，myhusbandwascrueltomeandhis_________alwaysmademeinlowspirits.(cruel)3._________，hereceivedalarge_________fromhisunclewhoiswarmheartedandgenerous.(fortunate)4.He_________withhisviolinlessons.Itwashis_________thatenabledhimtobeeadistinguishedviolinist.(persevere)5.Underthe_________(guide)ofthequalifiedguide，wetraveledaroundtheplacesofinterestveryhappily.6.He_________metothedifficult_________，soIcouldn’twasteanytime.(assign)7.Dozensof_________(qualify)studentstookpartinthecampaignandpractisedfrequentlyundertheguidanceofsomeexperiencedwritersandteachers.8.Shefeltdesperatelytiredandherspirits_________(sink).【答案】1.enthusiastic,enthusiasm,enthusiastically2.cruelty3.Fortunately,fortune4.persevered,perseverance5.guidance6.assigned,assignment7.qualified8.sank/sunkPart2課文語法填空Fillintheblankswiththevocabularyfromthearticle(Diary1para2)AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—thisistheadventurethatI____________________.AndIwasreadyforit.Attheageof19,Iamfitandfullof_________.However,whenI____________jointheexpedition,Shackleton_____________becausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’tqualified.ButIwasso____________abouttheideaof_______________themthatIsecretlywent_________hisship,theEndurance,andhidinasmallcupboard.___________,threedaysafterwe_______Iwasdiscovered.Shackletondidnotwantto_________soheofferedmeajob,butonlyafterhepromisedme,“Ifanyonehastobeeaten,thenyouwillbethefirst!”Heassignedmetobeasteward,andInowservemealsfortwentyeightmen,threetimesaday.Fillintheblankswiththevocabularyfromthearticle(Diary2para2)Beforewe____________theship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats,ourfood,thecookstove,candles,clothes,and__________.Thiswasnotimetopanic.Wewerenot__________takemostofourpersonalbelongings,andShackletonhimselfthrewawayallhisgold.But_____________,heallowedHusseytokeephisbanjo.Husseyoftenplaysitto________________.【答案】havebeendreamingof,vigour,appliedto,turnedmedown,enthusiastic,goingalongwith,aboard,Unfortunately,setoff,turnbackabandoned,blankets,allowedto,tooursurprise,keepourspiritsup005培優(yōu)提升完形填空IhavebeenafraidofheightsforaslongasIcanremember.WhenIwas11,myschoolbuiltaleadershiptrainingcenterthathadvariouschallenges.Themost1ofthemallwascalled“TheLeapofFaith”,whereyouhadtoclimba2toaplatform11metershigh.Oncethere,youhadto3theplatformandreachouttograbarope.IhadseenstudentsdoitandhadsworntherewasnowayIwouldever4it.Onedaymyteacheraskedme,“Areyougoingtotry?”I5itoffandtoldhimthathecouldn’tpaymetodoit.6,heencouragedmeuntilfinallyIagreedtodoit.IclimbedupandwhenIgottothetop,Iwasinshockandcouldn’tmove.Seeingthis,myteacher7thatinsteadofjumpingofftheplatformandgrabbingtherope,Ijustsitontheedgeandthenslidedown.Isatdown,butstillcouldn’tbringmyselftoslideoffthe8.Isattherefor20minutes.Finally,withtheencouragementofmyclass,Isliddown.WhenIfinallyreachedtheground,Iheardtwoboys9meaboutitbehindmyback.So,IdecidedIwantedto10again.Overthenexttwoweeks,Ididallsortsofthingsto11myself.Ijumpedofftablesanddidsomehighropesstuff.OnemorningbeforeschoolIwentdowntothecenter,climbedtothetopoftheladder,encouragedmyselfandthen...IDIDIT!Ihadneverbeforefeltso12ofmyself.Ilearnedsomuchduringthattime.Themostimportantthingwasthatsometimessituationsare13butthatdoesn’tmakethemimpossible.Peoplewilldoubtyouinlife,butIhavelearnedthat14isthebestwaytoreplytopeoplelikethat.So,alwayskeepdreaminganddon’tletyour15getintheway.1．A．difficult B．interesting C．important D．useful2．A．wall B．tree C．ladder D．rock3．A．dealwith B．jumpoff C．relyon D．hurrydown4．A．consider B．examine C．a(chǎn)dopt D．a(chǎn)ttempt5．A．put B．laughed C．called D．kicked6．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Anyway D．Moreover7．A．suggested B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．required D．a(chǎn)greed8．A．branch B．stage C．shore D．edge9．A．teasing B．a(chǎn)sking C．praising D．blaming10．A．a(chǎn)ct B．try C．show D．slide11．A．a(chǎn)ssess B．please C．calm D．prepare12．A．a(chǎn)ware B．a(chǎn)fraid C．proud D．serious13．A．frightening B．different C．strange D．dangerous14．A．exercise B．knowledge C．success D．independence15．A．a(chǎn)nger B．confusion C．failures D．fears【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D5．B6．C7．A8．D9．A10．B11．D12．C13．A14．C15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“我”在攀爬訓(xùn)練中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)和最終成功克服恐高癥的經(jīng)歷，傳遞了一個(gè)積極的信息：無論遇到多么困難的情況，只要充滿勇氣和堅(jiān)持努力，就能夠戰(zhàn)勝困難并取得成功。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：其中最困難的是“信仰的飛躍”，你必須爬上一個(gè)梯子到11米高的平臺(tái)。A.difficult困難的；B.interesting有趣的；C.important重要的；D.useful有用的。根據(jù)前文的“variouschallenges”可知，此處表示各種挑戰(zhàn)之中最難的一個(gè)。故選A項(xiàng)。2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中最困難的是“信仰的飛躍”，你必須爬上一個(gè)梯子到11米高的平臺(tái)。A.wall墻；B.tree樹；C.ladder梯子；D.rock巖石。根據(jù)后文的“climbedtothetopoftheladder”可知，爬到11米高的平臺(tái)上需要借助梯子的幫助。故選C項(xiàng)。3．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：一旦到達(dá)那里，你需要從平臺(tái)上跳下去并伸手抓住一根繩子。A.dealwith處理；B.jumpoff跳下；C.relyon依賴；D.hurrydown匆忙下去。根據(jù)后文的“jumpingofftheplatform”可知，你需要從平臺(tái)上跳下去。故選B項(xiàng)。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾看到其他同學(xué)嘗試過，發(fā)誓自己永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)做那樣的事情。A.consider考慮；B.examine檢查；C.adopt采納；D.attempt嘗試。根據(jù)前文的“IhavebeenafraidofheightsforaslongasIcanremember.”可知，“我”恐高，因此“我”不敢嘗試，故選D項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)老師付之一笑，告訴他給我再多錢我也不會(huì)去做。A.put放置；B.laughed笑；C.called稱呼；D.kicked踢了。根據(jù)下文的“hecouldn’tpaymetodoit”可知，“我”對(duì)老師的回應(yīng)應(yīng)該是“一笑了之”。故選B項(xiàng)。6．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但不管怎樣，老師一直都在鼓勵(lì)我，最終我同意嘗試一下。A.Therefore因此；B.Instead反而；C.Anyway不管怎樣；D.Moreover而且。根據(jù)“heencouragedmeuntilfinallyIagreedtodoit”可知，空格處的上下文在邏輯上構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，表示“不管怎樣”。故選C項(xiàng)。7．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這情景，我的老師建議我不要跳下平臺(tái)去抓住繩子，而是坐在邊緣然后滑下來。A.suggested建議；B.announced宣布；C.required要求；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)前文的“IclimbedupandwhenIgottothetop,Iwasinshockandcouldn’tmove.”可知，老師看到“我”不敢跳下來，因此建議“我”換種方式下來。故選A項(xiàng)。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐下來，但仍然無法鼓起勇氣滑下去。A.branch樹枝；B.stage舞臺(tái)；C.shore岸；D.edge邊緣。根據(jù)前文的“Ijustsitontheedgeandthenslidedown.”可知，“我”還是不敢從梯子的邊緣滑下來。故選D項(xiàng)。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我最終來到地面時(shí)，我聽到兩個(gè)男孩在背后取笑著我。A.teasing取笑；B.asking詢問；C.praising贊美；D.blaming責(zé)怪。根據(jù)前文的“Isattherefor20minutes.Finally,withtheencouragementofmyclass,Isliddown.”可知，會(huì)有人取笑我膽小。故選A項(xiàng)。10．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，我決定再次嘗試。A.act行動(dòng)；B.try嘗試；C.show展示；D.slide滑動(dòng)。根據(jù)前文的“WhenIfinallyreachedtheground,Iheardtwoboys...meaboutitbehindmyback.”可知，“我”為了回應(yīng)別人的取笑，決定再次嘗試。故選B項(xiàng)。11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的兩個(gè)星期里，我做了各種各樣的事情來為自己做準(zhǔn)備。A.assess評(píng)估；B.please取悅；C.calm使平靜；D.prepare準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)下文的“Ijumpedofftablesanddidsomehighropesstuff.”可知，“我”不甘心被嘲笑，因此通過訓(xùn)練來做好再次嘗試的準(zhǔn)備。故選D項(xiàng)。12．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未如此為自己感到自豪過。A.aware意識(shí)到的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud自豪的；D.serious嚴(yán)肅的。根據(jù)前文的“OnemorningbeforeschoolIwentdowntothecenter,climbedtothetopoftheladder,encouragedmyselfandthen...IDIDIT!”可知，“我”會(huì)為自己的成功感到自豪。故選C項(xiàng)。13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，有時(shí)候情境雖然令人恐懼，但并不意味著不可能。A.frightening令人恐懼的；B.different不同的；C.strange奇怪的；D.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)前文的“Isattherefor20minutes.”可知，“我”不敢跳下來，因此有些場(chǎng)景令人恐懼。故選A項(xiàng)。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們會(huì)懷疑你，但我學(xué)到了用成功去回應(yīng)那些人是最好的方式。A.exercise鍛煉；B.knowledge知識(shí)；C.success成功；D.independence獨(dú)立。根據(jù)前文的“OnemorningbeforeschoolIwentdowntothecenter,climbedtothetopoftheladder,encouragedmyselfandthen...IDIDIT!”可知，“我”成功了，回應(yīng)了之前有人對(duì)我的懷疑。故選C項(xiàng)。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，永遠(yuǎn)保持夢(mèng)想，不要讓恐懼阻礙你前進(jìn)。A.anger憤怒；B.confusion困惑；C.failures失敗；D.fears恐懼。根據(jù)前文的“OnemorningbeforeschoolIwentdowntothecenter,climbedtothetopoftheladder,encouragedmyselfandthen...IDIDIT!”可知，“我”成功跳下來，克服了恐懼。故選D項(xiàng)。二、語法填空1.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhenIappliedtojoinanexpedition,Shackletonturnedme16.ButIsecretlywentaboardhisship,theEndurance.Thejourneyhadnotbeeneasy.Endurancebecame17(stick)intheiceandwehadtoabandontheship.Shackleton18(calm)calledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessential19(supply).Wewerecampedontheiceandwehadbeenmanagingtosurvive,butspring20(e),andtheicewouldsoonbegintomelt.ThingsonElephantIslandweregoingfrombadto21.ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland,1,320kilometersaway—thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofus22(make)itinoursmallboats.IfShackletonfailed,wouldwehaveanyhopeofrescue?No.BlessFrankWild,thekindestmantherewasafterourleader,ErnestShackleton.WithoutFrankandErnest,we’dallbe23(die)bynow.Theirgenuineconcernforothers,their24(persevere),andtheirresolvefilledme25hope.Perhapstherewasachancewewouldreturnhome,afterall.【答案】16．down17．stuck18．calmly19．supplies20．wasing21．worse22．tomake23．dead24．perseverance25．with【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了沙克爾頓在遭遇輪船沉沒等一系列糟糕的情況后乘船去求救，以及隊(duì)員們等待救援的過程。16．考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)我申請(qǐng)加入探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)時(shí)，沙克爾頓拒絕了我。turndown“拒絕”，是固定短語，根據(jù)句意，故填down。17．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：耐力號(hào)被困在冰里，我們不得不棄船。分析句子可知，此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作表語，stick與主語Endurance是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作表語，故填stuck。18．考查副詞。句意：沙克爾頓平靜地把我們叫到一起告訴我們要搶救最重要的物資。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語，故填calmly。19．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。此處作賓語用名詞形式，表示“基本物資”，用復(fù)數(shù)，故填supplies。20．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們?cè)诒显鸂I(yíng)，一直在設(shè)法生存，但是春天來了，冰很快就要融化了。根據(jù)前后文語境，描述過去將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用過去將來時(shí)，e用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，且主語spring是單數(shù)，故填wasing。21．考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：大象島上的情況每況愈下。根據(jù)句意，使用固定短語frombadtoworse，表示“每況愈下；越來越糟糕”，故填worse。22．考查不定式。句意：沙克爾頓離開我們，到1320公里外的南喬治亞島去尋求幫助——這次航行太危險(xiǎn)，對(duì)我們所有人來說都太困難了，我們不能用小船去。分析句子可知，此處用不定式構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“forallofustomakeitinoursmallboats”作狀語，修飾difficult，故填tomake。23．考查形容詞。句意：沒有弗蘭克和歐內(nèi)斯特，我們現(xiàn)在都死了。be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語，dead“死的”作表語，故填dead。24．考查名詞。句意：他們對(duì)他人的真誠(chéng)關(guān)懷，他們的毅力和決心讓我充滿了希望。形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞，作賓語，persevere的名詞形式是perseverance，不可數(shù)名詞，故填perseverance。25．考查介詞。句意：他們對(duì)他人的真誠(chéng)關(guān)懷，他們的毅力和決心讓我充滿了希望。Fill…with…“用……充滿……”，是固定短語，根據(jù)句意，故填with。2.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Weletosen