山東省濟(jì)南市棗莊市2022-2023學(xué)年高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)期中英語(yǔ) 含解析

2022—2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二期中學(xué)情檢測(cè)

英語(yǔ)試題

本試卷共12頁(yè)。滿分150分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改

動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在

本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷選擇題

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅

讀一遍。

1.Whenwillthewomanhandinherpaper?

A.NextMonday.B.NextWednesday.C.NextWednesday.

2.WhatistheweatherliketomoiTOw?

A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.

3.Whichcityisthemangoingtofinally?

A.Rome.B.Milan.C.Venice.

4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.PoliceanddriverC.Doctorandpatient.

5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?

A.Wasteful.B.Careless.C.Lazy.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完

后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.WhatistheBlueShark?

A.Awaterpark.B.Arestaurant.C.Aseafoodmarket.

7.WhatwillCaroldolater?

A.Havelunch.B.Havesupper.C.Visitrelatives.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Whereisthebranchoffice?

A.InSpain.B.InJapax.C.InAmerica.

9.Whohastherichestworkingexperience?

A.Bell.B.Shelly.C.Jack.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whydoesthemanmakeaphonecall?

A.Tocancelanappointment.B.Toaskforsomemedicine,C.Toinvitethewomento

movies.

11.Whenwillthemanmeetthewoman?

A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.

12Whatwillthemandenext?

A.Haveagoodrest.B.Drinkhatwater.C.Seethedoctor.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.She'shostingaprogram.B.She'schairingameeting.C.She'sintroducingaculture.

14.HowdoesHigginsexplain"CulturalShock”?

A.Bytellingstories.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byaskingquestions.

15.WhatwillsurpriseChinesestudents?

A.Beingchallengedinclass.

B.Hearingteachers'namecalled.

C.Questioningclassmatesinpublic.

16.WhatdoesHigginsthinkof''CulturalShock,,?

A.Common.B.Unusual.C.Surprising.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.AnexhibitionB.Differentclubs.C.Varioussports.

18.Whatisspecialaboutsocialclubs?

A.Membersoftengatherforfun,

B.Theyprovideabarformembers.

C.Membershavethesamebackground.

19.Whichclubcoststhehighest?

AGolfclub.B.Tennisclub.C.Cyclingclub.

20.Whatactivitydoworkingmen'sclubsoffer?

A.Photographyclass.B.Naturalhistorylecture.C.Variousentertainment.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

World'sBestPlacestoVisit

Withaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Use

theserecommendationstocraftyourtravellist.

SouthIsland

NewZealand'sSouthIslandfillswithimpressivelandscapesateveryturn,fromdramaticmountainstogrand

channels.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,from

hikingtrailsoraboatonMilfordSound.Besides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury'sMountJohn

Observatorytostareupatthestarryskiesatnight.

Paris

ThemagneticCityofLightdrawsvisitorsfromaroundtheglobewhocometoseeiconicattractionslikethe

EiffelTower,theLouvreandtheArcdeTriomphe.Butwhattravelersreallyfallinlovewitharethecity'sold-

fashionedcafes,dynamicmarkets,andtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharming

cobblestonestreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeineforhours.

Maui

Whetheryou'redrivingalongtheRoadtoHana,enjoyingabird's-eyeviewofMaui'slongcoastlinefroma

helicopter,divingwithseaturtlesorsimplyrelaxingonwhiteorblacksandbeaches,you'llfindthatthisHawaiian

islandisunlikeanyothertropical（熱帶的）destination.Youshouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandataste

ofHawaiianspecialtieslikepoi,pokeandmahimahi.

BoraBora

Here,you'llfindcharmingbeaches,thickjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisland'sextinctvolcano,Mount

Oteinanu,makesforagreatphotoopportunityorchallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyou

catchtheisland'sbestsights,lbrelax,headtoMatiraBeachforclearwaterandsoftwhitesand.Althoughatripto

BoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayifswortheverypenny.

1.Whichplacewillbepreferredbyastronomyfans?

A.Paris.B.Maui.C.BoraBora.D.SouthIsland.

2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatMaui?

A.Enjoylocalfood.B.Drivealongthecoastline.

C.Gohikingaroundtheisland.D.Walkthroughshoppingdistricts.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutBoraBora?

A.Mostofitslocalsserveasguides.B.Itisabeachwithfantasticscenery.

C.Therearehikingtrailsinthejungles.D.Itisappealingdespitethecostlytrip.

【答案】l.D2.A3.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)世界上最好的旅游勝地。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SouthIsland中uBesides,journeytotheUniversityofCanterbury'sMountJohnObservatory

tostareupatthestarryskiesatnighl.（此外，您還可以前往坎特伯雷大學(xué)的約翰山天文臺(tái)，在夜晚凝視星

空）”可知,天文愛(ài)好者更喜歡SouthIsland。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Maui中“YoushouldalsoattendafeastforlocalcultureandatasteofHawaiianspecialties

likepoi,pokeandmahimahi.（你還應(yīng)該參加當(dāng)?shù)匚幕⒀?，品嘗夏威夷特色美食，如印度芋泥、poke和

mahimahi）”可知，游客在毛伊島可以享受當(dāng)?shù)厥澄铩９蔬xA。

3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段uAlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit'sworth

everypenny.（雖然去波拉波拉島旅行很貴，但大多數(shù)旅行者說(shuō)這是物有所值的）”可知，盡管路途昂貴，但

BoraBora很吸引人。故選D。

B

WilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationinLakeland,Florida,which

teachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.

Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissix-year-oldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,whogotangryandshoutedat

hismom,WilliamaskedCamran'smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Camranwas“hooked“fromthat

firsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositivechangesinCamran'sbehavior.

"That'swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,“hesays.

Onweekends,Williamandafewothervolunteerstake20to25kidsoutfishingonarentalboat,whichwas

supportedbythecaptainoftheDoubleEagle.Manyhaveneverbeenfishingorevenonaboat,soWilliam—or

BigWill,asthekidscallhim-startsbyteachingthebasics.Thencomethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:

patience,teamworkandthesimplejoyofrelaxingintheoutdoors.TakeaKidFishing,Inc.hastakenmorethan

600fishingtripswithalmost2,000kidswhodon'thaveafatherintheirlives.

Hewantstosharehisloveoffishingwithkidswhodon'thaveafathertotakethem."Ijustwanttoshow

themthatIcareaboutthem,thatI'mthereforthem,,,hesays.Becausemanykidsgoonmultipletrips,Williamis

abletobuildrelationshipswiththem.HeandCamran,now20,stillregularlyfishtogether,andCamranseesBig

Willasafatherfigure.

TakeaKidFishing,Inc.,hasahugeimpact,butitstartedbecauseWilliamwantedtohelponekid.Doyou

knowachildwhomightbenefitfromyourfriendship?Introducethemtofishingoranotherhobbyyouenjoy.You

canmakeagreatdifferencetotheirlife.

4.WhatinspiredWilliamDunntofoundTakeaKidFishing,Inc.?

A.Kids'passionforfishing.B.Positivechangesofafatherlessneighbor.

C.Unfortunateexperiencesoffatherlesskids.D.Behaviorofothervolunteerstohelpfatherlesskids.

5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?

A.Manykidsexpectedfishingexperiences.B.Fewkidsparticipatedinthefishingtrips.

C.Theorganizationtaughtmorethanbasicskills.D.Thefishingboatwasofferedbyothervolunteers.

6.WedoweknowaboutWilliamDunnfromthetext?

A.Heisanexperiencedcaptain.B.Hethinkscompanymattersinkids'lives.

C.Hehadanunhappychildhoodasafatherlesskid.D.Hewantedtoraisemoneyforthefatherlesskids.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.FishingChangesFatherlessKids'LifeB.FriendshipHasaGreatImpactonKids

C.FishingOffersKidstheJoyofRelaxingD.TheLoveofFishingBondsFamilyTogether

【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了WilliamDunn創(chuàng)立非營(yíng)利組織“帶孩子釣魚(yú)公司”，該組織

通過(guò)釣魚(yú)運(yùn)動(dòng)教育貧困和無(wú)父的孩子。文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚(yú)公司”的影響

力。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Adozenyearsago,inspiredbyhissix-year-oldfatherlessneighbor,Camran,who

gotangryandshoutedathismom,WilliamaskedCamran'smomforpermissiontotakeCamranfishing.Cam

ranwas“hooked“fromthatfirsttrip.Thetwofishedtogetherseveraltimesaweek,andWilliamsawpositive

changesinCamran'sbehavior."That'swhenIrealizedthatIhadthedutytohelpfatherlesskids,“hesays.（十幾

年前，他6歲的沒(méi)有父親的鄰居卡姆蘭對(duì)媽媽發(fā)脾氣，威廉受到啟發(fā)，請(qǐng)求卡姆蘭的媽媽允許他帶卡姆

蘭去釣魚(yú)?？?蘭從第一次旅行開(kāi)始就“上癮”了。兩人每周一起釣魚(yú)幾次，威廉看到了卡姆蘭行為

上的積極變化。“那時(shí)我意識(shí)到我有責(zé)任幫助那些沒(méi)有父親的孩子，"他說(shuō)）”可知，一個(gè)沒(méi)有父親的鄰

居的積極變化啟發(fā)威廉?鄧恩創(chuàng)立了“帶孩子釣魚(yú)公司”。故選B。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thencomethelifelessonsthatfishingoffers:patience,teamworkandthesimple

joyofrelaxingintheoutdoors』然后是釣魚(yú)帶給我們的人生教訓(xùn)：耐心、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作以及在戶外放松的簡(jiǎn)單樂(lè)

趣）”可推知，該組織教授的不僅僅是基本技能。故選C。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"IjustwanttoshowthemthatIcareaboutthem,thatI'mthereforthem（我只是

想讓他們知道，我關(guān)心他們，我會(huì)在他們身邊）”可知，威廉?鄧恩認(rèn)為陪伴在孩子的生活中很重要。故

選B。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段uWilliamDunnisthefounderofTakeaKidFishing,Inc,anonprofitorganizationin

Lakeland,Florida,whichteachespoorandfatherlesskidsthroughthesportoffishing.（威廉?鄧恩是佛羅里達(dá)州

萊克蘭的非營(yíng)利組織“帶孩子釣魚(yú)公司”的創(chuàng)始人，該組織通過(guò)釣魚(yú)運(yùn)動(dòng)教育貧困和無(wú)父的孩子）”結(jié)合

文章還介紹了創(chuàng)立背后的原因以及“帶孩子釣魚(yú)公司”的影響力?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“釣魚(yú)改變了沒(méi)有父親

的孩子的生活”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

C

Inspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshiftbetweenliquidandsolid

states.Ontopofbeingabletoshape-shift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconductelectricity.Theresearchersput

therobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshape-changingtestsinastudy.

Wheretraditionalrobotsarehard-bodiedandstiff,"sofF'robotshavetheoppositeproblem;theyareflexible

butweak,andtheirmovementsaredifficulttocontrol."Givingrobotstheabilitytoswitchbetweenliquidand

solidstatesequipsthemwithmorefunctionality,saysChengfengPan,anengineeratTheChineseUniversityof

HongKongwholedthestudy.

Theteamcreatedthenewshape-shiftingmaterialbyputtingmagneticparticles（磁，性粒子）inametal.

ResearcherstestedthemateriaFsmobilityandstrengthinavarietyofcontexts.Withtheaidofamagneticfield,

therobotsjumpedovergaps,climbedwalls,andevensplitinhalftocooperativelymoveother1objectsaround

beforecombiningitselftogether.

“Now,we'repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomeveryspecificmedicaland

engineeringproblems,“saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremoveaforeignobject

fromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugson-demandintothesamestomach.

“Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithinabiomedicalcontext,“saysPan.

“Whatwe'reshowingarejustone-offdemonstrations,proofsofconcept,butmuchmorestudywillberequiredto

findhowthiscouldactuallybeusedfbrdrugdeliveryorfbrremovingforeignobjects.^^

8.Whatistheadvantageofthenewrobot?

A.Itiseasytocontrol.B.Itismoreintelligent.

CItchangesstatesflexibly.D.Itadaptstosurroundingsquickly.

9.Whatmakesthemovementoftherobotpossible?

A.Thestrengthofthemetal.B.Thevarietyofthecontexts.

C.Theliquidstateofthematerial.D.Thepresenceofthemagneticfield.

10.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?

A.Toexplainthetheory,ofthesystem.

B.Tofindsolutionstotechnicalproblems.

C.Toshowtheapplicationofthenewrobot.

D.Toillustrateimprovementinbiomedicalfield.

11.WhatmightChengfengPanagree?

A.Furtherstudyontherobotisneeded.

B.Theconceptoftherobotneedstobeproven.

C.Drugdeliverycanbestrengthenedbyrobots.

D.Themedicalworldwillbegreatlychanged.

【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了新機(jī)器人的優(yōu)勢(shì)以及需要對(duì)機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。受海參的

啟發(fā)，工程師們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出了能在液態(tài)和固態(tài)之間快速轉(zhuǎn)換的微型機(jī)器人。除了能夠變形外，這些機(jī)器人還具

有磁性，可以導(dǎo)電。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inspiredbyseacucumbers,engineershavedesignedtinyrobotsthatrapidlyshift

betweenliquidandsolidstates.（受海參的啟發(fā)，工程師們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出了能在液態(tài)和固態(tài)之間快速轉(zhuǎn)換的微型機(jī)

器人。）”可知，這種新機(jī)器人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它可以靈活地改變狀態(tài)。故選C。

【9題詳解】

名山節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段中“Ontopofbeingabletoshape-shift,therobotsaremagneticandcanconduct

electricity.Theresearchersputtherobotsthroughanobstaclecourseofmobilityandshape-changingtestsina

study.（除了能夠變形外，這些機(jī)器人還具有磁性，可以導(dǎo)電。在一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員讓機(jī)器人通過(guò)了

移動(dòng)障礙和形狀變化測(cè)試。）”可知，磁場(chǎng)的存在使機(jī)器人的運(yùn)動(dòng)成為可能。故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“'Now,we'repushingthismaterialsysteminmorepracticalwaystosolvesomevery

specificmedicalandengineeringproblems,'saysPan,Onthebiomedicalside,theteamusedtherobotstoremove

aforeignobjectfromamodelstomachandtodeliverdrugson-demandintothesamestomach.（“現(xiàn)在，我們正

在以更實(shí)際的方式推動(dòng)這種材料系統(tǒng)，以解決一些非常具體的醫(yī)學(xué)和工程問(wèn)題，”潘說(shuō)。在生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面，

該團(tuán)隊(duì)使用機(jī)器人從模型胃中移除異物，并按需將藥物輸送到同一胃中。）”可知，第四段的目的是“展示

新型機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用。”故選C。

[11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“"Futureworkshouldfurtherexplorehowtheserobotscouldbeusedwithina

biomedicalcontext」saysPan.（未來(lái)的工作應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步探索這些機(jī)器人如何在生物醫(yī)學(xué)環(huán)境中使用，'

潘說(shuō)。）"，可知，潘成峰可能會(huì)同意A項(xiàng)“需要對(duì)機(jī)器人進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究?！惫蔬xA。

D

Reachingouttosupportapersonwhenthey'reunderstressisalwaysagoodidea.Infact,anewstudy

suggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantforsomeonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelyto

developdepression.Thestudyshowstheimportanceofsocialsupporttobuffertheriskrofdevelopingdepression

symptomsingeneral.

Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:newdoctorsinthemostintense

yearoftraining,andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.Thefindingshowsgreatestimpactofsocial

supportinthosewithhighestriskscoresfordepression.

Comparedtoothergroupsofindividualsinthestudywhohadlowdepressionriskscores,thedoctorsand

widowswithhigherriskscoreshadhigherratesofdepressionaftertheylostsocialsupport,butalsohadlower

ratesofdepressionwhentheygainedsocialsupportduringstressfultimes.

Sen,whoisthedirectoroftheEisenbergFamilyDepressionCenteraddsthatevenasgeneticresearchreveals

moreoftheDNAvariation（變異）relatedtodepressionvulnerability,learninghowthatvariationleadsto

depressioniscrucial."Furtherunderstandingthedifferentgeneticmapsassociatedwithsensitivitytolossofsocial

support,lackofsleep,excessiveworkstressandotherriskfactorscouldhelpusdeveloppersonalizedguidance

fordepressionprevention,hesaid."Inthemeantime,thesefindingsreaffirmhowimportantsocialconnections,

socialsupportandindividualsensitivitytothesocialenvironmentareasfactorsinwell-beingandpreventing

depression.^^

Besides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,whichlimitstheabilityto

generalizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.Sennotedthatadditionalworkisbeingdonetocollect

scoresbasedondepression-relatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleofEastAsianand

Africanblood.

12.Whatdoesthenewstudyfind?

A.Depressioncanbepassedonamonggenerations.

B.Oneisgeneticqualityisrelatedtodepression.

C.Socialsupportcanreducegeneticdepressionrisk.

D.Peoplewithoutsupporttend.tofeeldepressed.

13.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?

A.Bycollectingdata.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Bystudyingpapers.D.Bydoingexperiments.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerability“meaninParagraph4?

A.Tendency.B.Weakness.C.Awareness.D.Reduction.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.DepressionwillleadtoDNAvariation.

B.Geneticmapscanguideustowell-being.

C.Furtherdataaretobecollectedforthestudy.

D.Individualsensitivityisagreatdepressionrisk.

【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于壓力之下時(shí)，伸出援助之手總是一個(gè)好主意。事實(shí)上，一項(xiàng)新

的研究表明，對(duì)于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來(lái)說(shuō)，支持可能尤其重要。這項(xiàng)研究顯示了社

會(huì)支持在緩解抑郁癥狀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面的重要性。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatsupportcouldbeespeciallyimportantfor

someonewhosegeneticqualitymakesthemmorelikelytodevelopdepression.（事實(shí)上，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，

對(duì)于那些遺傳品質(zhì)使他們更容易患抑郁癥的人來(lái)說(shuō)，支持可能尤其重要。）”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“社會(huì)

支持可以降低遺傳性抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！惫蔬xC。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudyusesdatafromtwoverydifferentgroupsofpeopleunderstress:new

doctorsinthemostintenseyearoftraining,andolderadultswhosebelovedonesrecentlydied.（這項(xiàng)研究使

用了兩組截然不同的壓力人群的數(shù)據(jù):一組是剛接受了最緊張訓(xùn)練的新醫(yī)生，另一組是親人最近去世的老

年人。）”可知，研究者通過(guò)收集數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)完成研究.故選A。

【14題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句"learninghowthatvariationleadstodepressioniscrucial.（了解這種變異是

如何導(dǎo)致抑郁的至關(guān)重要。）"和"evenasgeneticresearchrevealsmoreoftheDNAvariation（變異）related

todepressionvulnerability,可知,基因研究揭示了更多與抑郁趨向性相關(guān)的DNA變異可知，劃線詞的意思

是“趨勢(shì)，傾向性”。故選A。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段uBesides,thedatausedinthestudyisbasedonpeopleofEuropeanorigin,which

limitstheabilitytogeneralizethefindingstopeopleofotherbackgrounds.Sennotedthatadditionalworkisbeing

donetocollectscoresbasedondepression-relatedgeneticcharacteristicsinotherpopulationsincludingpeopleof

EastAsianandAfricanblood.（此外，研究中使用的數(shù)據(jù)是基于歐洲血統(tǒng)的人，這限制了將研究結(jié)果推廣

到其他背景的人的能力。Sen指出，在東亞和非洲血統(tǒng)的其他人群中，正在進(jìn)行其他工作，以收集與抑郁

癥相關(guān)的遺傳特征的分?jǐn)?shù)。）”可知，這項(xiàng)研究還需要收集更多的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Risingparentalexpectationsandcriticismarelinkedtoanincreaseinperfectionismamongcollegestudents.

16Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandself-harm.

17Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbecomemoreneurotic（神經(jīng)質(zhì)的）andlesscareful

astheygetolder.Perfectionismalsocanpassthroughgenerations,withperfectionistparentsraisingperfectionist

children.

Threetypesofperfectionismwereincreasingamongyoungpeople.Self-orientedperfectionisminvolves

perfectioniststandardsabouttheself.18Thatistosay,someoneexpectsotherstobeperfection.Socially

prescribedperfectionismistheperceptionthatotherpeopleandsocietyrequireperfection.Thethreetypesof

perfectionisminteractandevenworsentheeffectsofeachotherinnegativeways.

Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonself-orientedandother-oriented

perfectionism.19Parentalexpectationshaveahighcostwhenthey'reperceivedasexcessive.Young

peopletakeinthoseexpectationsanddependonthemfortheirself-esteem.Andwhentheyfailtomeetthem,

they'llbecriticalofthemselvesfornotmatchingup.Tocompensate,theystrivetobeperfect.

Parentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,or

imperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,nottest

scoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyself-esteem.20

A.Perfectionismoftenbecomesalifelongcharacter.

B.Soparentalexpectationsmaybemoredamaging.

C.Itcanhavedamagingmentalhealthconsequences.

D.Self-respectisimportanttoteenagers9development.

E.Other-orientedtypeisperfectionismturnedoutward.

F.Thesewayscanbeeffectivetocopewithperfectionism.

G.Theoldertheyare,themorelikelytheywillbeperfectionists.

【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.B20.F

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了完美主義對(duì)心理健康造成破壞性的影響以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

【16題詳解】

下文"Theymayincludedepression,anxietyandself-harm.（可能包括抑郁、焦慮和自殘）”都是心理健康中

的不良表現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)C“它會(huì)對(duì)心理健康造成破壞性的影響?！闭f(shuō)明完美主義對(duì)心理健康造成破壞性的影

響。故選C項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

下文“Priorresearchhasshownthatperfectionistsbecomemoreneurotic（神經(jīng)質(zhì)的）andlesscarefulastheyget

older.（先前的研究表明，完美主義者隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)變得更神經(jīng)質(zhì)，更不小心）”介紹了完美主義的特

點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)A“完美主義往往成為一種終生的性格?！币龑?dǎo)本段，概括完美主義的特點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

上文uSelf-orientedperfectionisminvolvesperfectioniststandardsabouttheself.（自我導(dǎo)向型完美主義包括對(duì)

自我的完美主義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）”介紹自我導(dǎo)向型完美主義，選項(xiàng)E“他人導(dǎo)向型是外顯完美主義?！背薪由衔?，

介紹另一種完美主義——他人導(dǎo)向型完美主義。故選E項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

上文“Parentalexpectationshadalargerimpactthanparentalcriticismonself-orientedandother-oriented

perfectionism.（父母期望對(duì)自我導(dǎo)向型和他人導(dǎo)向型完美主義的影響大于父母批評(píng)）”說(shuō)明父母的期望對(duì)完

美主義的影響比父母批評(píng)還要嚴(yán)重，選項(xiàng)B“所以父母的期望可能更具破壞性。”和上文存在因果關(guān)

系，因?yàn)楦改钙谕绊懞艽螅钥赡芨咂茐男?。故選B項(xiàng)。

[20題詳解】

上文aParentscanhelptheirchildrennavigatesocietalpressuresinahealthywaybyteachingthemthatfailure,

orimperfection,isanormalandnaturalpartoflife.Anothermethodistofocusonlearninganddevelopment,not

testscoresorsocialmediatohelpchildrendevelophealthyself-esteem.（父母可以通過(guò)教育孩子失敗或不完美

是生活中正常和自然的一部分來(lái)幫助他們以一種健康的方式應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)壓力。另一種方法是關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)

展，而不是考試成績(jī)或社交媒體，以幫助孩子培養(yǎng)健康的自尊）”介紹了對(duì)應(yīng)完美主義的方法，選項(xiàng)

F“這些方法可以有效應(yīng)對(duì)完美主義。”對(duì)上述方法做出總結(jié)。故選F項(xiàng)。

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共四節(jié)，滿分55分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Onceayoungmanwasaskedtopaintaboatofawealthyman.Theyoungmangotsomeredpaintand

brushesandbegantopainttheboat,as21bytheowner.Whilepainting,hediscoveredatinyholeinthe

ship'sbodyandquietly22it.

After23ofthepainting,theyoungmanreceivedthemoneyforthepaintjobandleft.24Jhe

boat'sownershowedupatthepainter'shousethenextdaywitha25check,fargreaterthanthepainting

payment.

Sothisiswhathappened.Theownerforgotto26theholewhenheaskedtheyoungmantopaintthe

boat.Whentheyoungmanwasdonewiththepaint,theowner'skidstooktheboatandwentonafishingtriponce

thepainthad27.Theownerwasnotthereatthattime.Whenhereturnedanddiscoveredthathis

childrenhadtakentheboat,hewas28becauseherememberedithadahole.Hetriedtocontactthem

severaltimesbutcouldn't29them.

Imaginetheowner's30whenhesawthemreturnfromtheirfishingtrip.Afterthat,he

carefully31theboatanddiscoveredthattheyoungmanhadrepairedthehole.Theyoung

man32hischildren'slives!

Youmayhaverepairedmany"boatholes^^onyourwayevenwithout33howmanylivesyoumay

have34.Butthesmallestactofkindnessand35maybeworthmoretoothers.So,begrateful

andkeepbeingkindandthoughtful.

21.A.appliedB.requestedC.beggedD.repeated

22.A.coveredB.brushedC.fixedD.restored

23.A.completionB.preparationC.evaluationD.management

24.A.StillB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Even

25.A.substantialB.remarkableC.significantD.meaningful

26.A.notice.B.introduceC.recognizeD.mention

27.A.runoutB.driedoutC.carriedoutD.checkedout

28.A.sadB.curiousC.anxiousD.content

29.A.findB.locateC.touchD.reach

30.A.regretB.shameC.satisfactionD.delight

31.A.searchedB.analyzedC.examinedD.explored

32.A.helpedB.protectedC.preventedD.spared

33.A.realizingB.understandingC.acceptingD.counting

34.A.impressedB.movedC.impactedD.encountered

35.A.thoughtfulnessB.attentionC.concentrationD.mindfulness

【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.D31.

C32.B33.A34.C35.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)年輕人在給船主刷油漆的時(shí)候，隨手補(bǔ)好了船上的洞，

卻意外救了船主孩子的生命。告訴我們最小的善意和體貼的行為可能對(duì)別人更有價(jià)值。所以，要心存感

激，保持善良和體貼。

[21題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：年輕人拿了一些紅顏料和刷子，按照船主的要求開(kāi)始給船涂漆。A.applied應(yīng)

用；B.requested要求；C.begged懇求；D.repeated重復(fù)。根據(jù)后文“bytheowner”指年輕人按照船主的

要求開(kāi)始給船涂漆。故選B。

[22題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在畫(huà)畫(huà)的時(shí)候，他發(fā)現(xiàn)船體上有一個(gè)小洞，就悄悄地把它修好了。A.covered

覆蓋;B.brushed刷；C.fixed修理；D.restored修復(fù)。根據(jù)后文"theyoungmanhadrepairedthehole”可

知，年輕人修好了船上的洞。故選C。

【23