河南省南陽市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南陽市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試題第Ⅰ卷(選擇題，共100分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.StaywithAlan.B.Relaxathome.C.SendAlantoschool.2.HowwillJackgotoNewYork?A.Bybus.B.Byplane.C.Bytrain.3.Howmanystudentsdoesthewomanexpectintotal?A.10.B.13.C.15.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemusic?A.Relaxing.B.Exciting.C.Boring.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Peoplewon’tlistentothedoctors.B.Doctorshavedifferentlifestyles.C.It’sgreattoattendthelecture.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inthekitchen.C.Overthephone.7.Whatwillthemanlookfornext?A.Milk.B.Carrots.C.Yogurt.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?A.Hemovedhouse.B.Hegotanewjob.C.Hebecameafather.9.What’stherelationshipbetweenMikeandthewoman?A.Goodfriends.B.Acouple.C.Fellowworkers.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.Whywon’tthemanplaytenniswiththewoman?A.Heisn’tgoodatit.B.Hecan’tgetupearly.C.Helikesvolleyballbetter.11.What’stheman’shobby?A.Playingballgames.B.Watchingmatches.C.Feedingbirds.12.Howoldistheman?A.Almost40.B.Almost50.C.Almost60.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.WhydoesMikelooktired?A.Hejusttooktwoexams.B.Hestudiedforawholenight.C.Hegotuptooearlythismorning.14.HowdoesMikefeelabouthisgradeofthechemistrytest?A.Unsatisfied.B.Encouraged.C.Surprised.15.WhatcoursedoesMikeprefertotake?A.Theoneonhowtodoresearchonline.B.Theoneonwritingtermpapers.C.Theoneontest-takingskills.16.WhatwillMikedonext?A.Havearest.B.Talktoaprofessor.C.GototheStudySkillsCenter.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.WhatcouldDanFriedellbe?A.Anofficial.B.Areporter.C.Akeeperoftheclock.18.Whenwillthebellstopringing?A.SinceJanuary1st.B.SinceAugust21st.C.SinceNovember12th.19.WhatcanweknowfromSteveJaggs?A.Therepairprojectwillcostabout$40million.B.Thelasttimethebellstoppedwasin2007.C.Theclockwillcontinuetotellthetimesilently.20.HowdidJoanareacttothenews?A.Shemadeaproposal.B.Shemadeacomplaint.C.Shemadenocomments.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATokyohasagreatrangeofcafes(咖啡館),butmanydon’tofferfreewirelessInternetaccessorpoweroutlets(電源插座).So,forthebenefitofthoselookingforfreeWi-Fi,hereareourtopspotsintheJapanesecapital.CoffeeValleyCoffeeValleyisasmallcoffeeshop.Whilethefirstfloorhaslimitedseating,thereareoutletsforeachseat.Ifyoudon’tneedtocharge,thesecondfloorismuchmorespaciouswithanareathatcanaccommodategroupsofuptofourpeople.Theyalsohaveagoodselectionofsnackstoaccompanyyourcoffee.Date:Opendaily.Time:8A.M.-8P.M.(From9A.M.onweekends).Location:Afive-minutewalkfromtheeastexitofIkebukuroStation.10°Cafe10°Cafeistheperfectplaceforearlybirds.Forsomepeaceandquiet,workonthesecondfloor.At10°Cafe,eachseathaspoweroutletswhiletheircounterseatsofferagreatviewofthesurroundingneighborhood.Theirmenupricesbefore11A.M.offerdiscounted(打折的)breakfast.Date:Daily(ClosedeverythirdSundayofthemonth).Time:7:30A.M.-9P.M.Location:Afive-minutewalkfromTakadanobabaStation.GoodSoundCoffeeComeforthecoffee,andstayfortheirmusicselection.GoodSoundCoffeeisafriendlyneighborhoodcafeclosetoNakameguroStation.Thereareindoorandoutdoorseatsandplentyofoutlets.Itmightgetcrowdedontheweekends,andthecafeoffersdiscountsonfooditems.Date:Daily.Time:8A.M.-11P.M.Location:Athree-minutewalkfromtheeastexitofNakameguroStation.ValleyParkStandValleyParkStandopensfromearlyinthemorningtolateintheevening.Therearepublictableswithpoweroutlets.It’sspaciouswithlotsofnaturallightafewstepsawayfromtheMiyashitaPark.Thereisadecentlysizedmenuwithtea,coffeeandvarioussandwichesandbites.Date:Daily.Time:8A.M.-10P.M.Location:Afewminutes’walkfromMiyashitaPark.1.Whatisthespecialpartof10°Cafe?A.Itopenstothelatenight. B.Ithasonedayoffeachmonth.C.Itoffersdifferentdelicioussnacks. D.It’snotfarfromtheIkebukuroStation.2.Whichcafeisfriendlytomusiclovers?A.10°Cafe. B.CoffeeValley.C.ValleyParkStand. D.GoodSoundCoffee.3.Wherecanthistextcomefrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Aprivatediary.C.Anewsreport. D.Ashortstory.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.A【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹日本首都熱門的四個(gè)可以提供免費(fèi)Wi-Fi的咖啡館。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)10°Cafe部分“Date:Daily(ClosedeverythirdSundayofthemonth).(日期：每日（每月第三個(gè)星期日休息）。)”可知，在10度咖啡館，每個(gè)月會(huì)休息一天。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GoodSoundCoffee部分“Comeforthecoffee,andstayfortheirmusicselection.(因喝咖啡而來，因聽他們挑選的音樂而留下來。)”可知，音樂愛好者們可以在好聲音咖啡館聽音樂。故選D。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Tokyohasagreatrangeofcafes(咖啡館),butmanydon’tofferfreewirelessInternetaccessorpoweroutlets(電源插座).So,forthebenefitofthoselookingforfreeWi-Fi,hereareourtopspotsintheJapanesecapital.(東京有很多咖啡館，但許多咖啡館都不提供免費(fèi)無線上網(wǎng)或電源插座。因此，為了那些尋求免費(fèi)Wi-Fi的人的利益，以下是我們?cè)谌毡臼锥嫉臒衢T咖啡館。)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹日本首都熱門的四個(gè)可以提供免費(fèi)Wi-Fi的咖啡館，所以它可能是來源于一本旅游指南。故選A。BWhilevisitinganelementaryschoollibraryin2016,1noticedtherewerehardlyanysciencefictionbooksforreadersunder12.Thisdiscoverypromptedmetospendthenextfiveyearsresearchingtheshortageofsciencefictionbooksforchildreninthisagegroup.Ireachedtwobigconclusions.First,Ifoundthatadultsoftenthinkthatkidscan’tunderstandsciencefiction—buttheycan.Second,Ifoundthatauthorsandillustrators(插畫家)arenotdepictingcharactersfromdiversebackgroundsinchildren’sstoriesaboutthefuture.Diverserepresentationinsciencefictionisespeciallyimportantbecausetheseauthorsarenotonlyimaginingfutures,butalsoarethesortsofpeoplewhocreatethosefutures.Whensciencefictionauthorsimagineawidevarietyofpeoplelikewomen,peopleofcoloranddisabledpeopleasthescientistsofthefuture,thentheyprovidemodelsformorechildrentoimaginethemselvesinthosecareers.ResearchhasshownthatseeingfemalescientistsinmediaaffectswhethergirlsimaginethemselvesinSTEM—science,technology,engineeringandmath-careers.ThefirstBlackfemaleastronaut,MaeJemison,saysthatshewasabletoimagineherselfgoingtospacebecauseasayoungpersonshesawNichelleNicholsplayingLieutenantNyotaUhuraonStarTrek.Anexpertonraceinsciencefictionsaysthatsciencefictionmustincludeavarietyofhumansratherthanavarietyofalienstocelebratethepotentialofdiversityinthefuture.Sciencefictionauthorscouldbeleadersintheeffortstodiversifychildren’sbooksifcreatorsfilltheshortageofchildren’ssciencefictionwithstoriesthatincludecharactersfromdiversebackgrounds.Theburdenisnotonlyoncreators,though.Educatorsandparentsalsoneedtoseekoutsciencefictionwithdiversecharactersinordertomakesurethatchildren’sbookcollectionsreflectafuturethatwelcomeseveryone.4.Whatdidtheauthorfindaftervisitinganelementaryschoollibraryin2016?A.Sciencefictionincludedavarietyofhumansandaliens.B.Authorsdescribedcharactersfromdiversebackgrounds.C.Readersunder12almosthadnosciencefictionbookstoread.D.Readersunder12couldhardlyunderstandsciencefiction.5.Whatisespeciallyimportantinsciencefictionaccordingtotheauthor?A.Diverserepresentation. B.Understandablelanguage.C.Abundantaliens. D.Fantasticplots.6.Thequotation(引述)fromMaeJemisoninParagraph4isusedto______.A.stresswomen’skeyroleinspaceandscienceB.justifyinfluencesofprovidingmodelsinbooksC.attractreaders’interestandintroducewhosheisD.indicatehowimportantchildren’simaginationis7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Children’sbookcollectionswelcomeeveryoneandshouldbeeasilyunderstoodbyallwalksofpeople.B.Everyoneiswelcomeinthefuturesochildren’sbookcollectionsshouldmeeteverychild’sneed.C.Onlysciencefictionauthorsaretoblameifchildrenreadsciencefictionlackofdiversecharacters.D.Creators,educatorsandparentsshouldprovidesciencefictionwithdiversecharactersforchildren.〖答案〗4.C5.A6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了科幻小說在12歲以下孩子中的現(xiàn)狀、多樣化角色的科幻小說的作用以及改善現(xiàn)狀的措施。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilevisitinganelementaryschoollibraryin2016,1noticedtherewerehardlyanysciencefictionbooksforreadersunder12.”(2016年，在參觀一所小學(xué)的圖書館時(shí)，我注意到幾乎沒有為12歲以下的讀者提供科幻書籍。)可知，作者2016年訪問小學(xué)圖書館的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)，適合12歲以下的孩子的科幻書籍幾乎沒有。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Diverserepresentationinsciencefictionisespeciallyimportantbecausetheseauthorsarenotonlyimaginingfutures,butalsoarethesortsofpeoplewhocreatethosefutures.”(科幻小說的多樣化表現(xiàn)尤為重要，因?yàn)檫@些作者不僅在想象未來，而且也是創(chuàng)造這些未來的人。)可知，作者認(rèn)為多樣化的表現(xiàn)在科幻小說中尤為重要。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whensciencefictionauthorsimagineawidevarietyofpeoplelikewomen,peopleofcoloranddisabledpeopleasthescientistsofthefuture,thentheyprovidemodelsformorechildrentoimaginethemselvesinthosecareers.”(當(dāng)科幻小說作者把女性、有色人種和殘疾人等各種各樣的人想象成未來的科學(xué)家時(shí)，他們就為更多的孩子提供了想象自己從事這些職業(yè)的榜樣。)可知，科幻小說可以為孩子提供職業(yè)榜樣；“MaeJemison,saysthatshewasabletoimagineherselfgoingtospacebecauseasayoungpersonshesawNichelleNicholsplayingLieutenantNyotaUhuraonStarTrek.”(第一位黑人女宇航員梅·杰米森(MaeJemison)說，她之所以能夠想象自己去太空，是因?yàn)樗贻p時(shí)看到妮切爾·尼科爾斯(NichelleNichols)在《星際迷航》(StarTrek)中扮演女中尉尼尤塔·烏胡拉(NyotaUhura)。)可知，引用MaeJemison所說是為了證明在書中或影視作品中提供榜樣或模型對(duì)孩子的影響。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theburdenisnotonlyoncreators,though.Educatorsandparentsalsoneedtoseekoutsciencefictionwithdiversecharactersinordertomakesurethatchildren’sbookcollectionsreflectafuturethatwelcomeseveryone.”(然而，這種壓力不僅僅是創(chuàng)作者的責(zé)任。教育工作者和家長也需要尋找具有多樣化角色的科幻小說，以確保兒童藏書反映了歡迎所有人的未來。)可知，除了創(chuàng)作者之外，教育者和家長也應(yīng)該為孩子們提供多樣化的科幻小說。故選D項(xiàng)。CThesweetartofpaintingwithcaramelizedsugar(焦糖)canbewitnessedinChina’sSichuanprovince.Thisancientcraftstillmanagestoamazetouristsluckyenoughtostumbleuponaskilledstreetartist.Accordingtoexperts,thistypeofChinesefolkartoriginatedfromtheMingDynastywhensugaranimalsandfigureswerecreatedaspartofceremoniesforsacrifice.DuringtheQingDynasty,itgainedevenmorepopularityandthetechniqueswereupgraded,whichresultedinanincreasednumberofpatterns,mostoftheminspiredbynature,wildlifeandreligion.Inthebeginning,peopleusedmolds(模具)toshapethecaramelizedsugar,buttheyweregraduallyreplacedwithasmallbronze(青銅的)spoonthathadtobeusedbytalentedartistswhowereexpertsattheartofnormalpaintingaswell.“Painting”artisticpiecesfrommeltedsugarisverydifferentfromregularpainting.Becausethehotsugarcoolsdownveryquickly,thepainterhastoworkswiftly,makingsurehefollowsthecorrectorderofstrokes(一畫，筆畫)togeteveryshapejustright.Inordertogetfamiliarwiththeprocessandthetechnique,it’srecommendedthatartistspracticenormalpaintingfirst.Mastersofthiscenturies-oldcraftusebrownorwhitesugarasthemainmaterial.Abronzespoonandasmallspadeastools,andaslab(厚塊)ofmarbleasthecanvas.Thesugarismeltedoverafierypotandspreadoverthecanvaswiththespoon.Oncetheshapeiscompleted,thespadeisusedtoglueawoodensticktotheartworkandtoseparateitfromthemarbleslab.Thenyoucanhaveyourveryowncaramelizedsugardragonortigerandauniquesouvenir.Theartisgainingsupportfromboththegeneralpublicandthegovernment,whohaditlistedasaProvincialNon-MaterialCultureHeritage.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseprobablymeaninthispassage?A.Employ. B.Attract. C.Become. D.Encounter.9.WhatcanweknowaboutthecaramelizedsugarpaintinginQingDynasty?A.Itplayedamoreimportantroleinceremonies.B.Thethemesofthepaintingswerevarious.C.Themoldswerecompletelyreplacedbyspoons.D.Morepeoplewereattractedtostudypaintings.10.Whatmakessugarpaintingdifferentfromregularpainting?A.Theorderofstrokes. B.Thenumberofthepatterns.C.Thedrawingmaterials. D.Thetopicsofthepaintings.11.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thehistoryofmakingsugarpaintings. B.Theprocessofcreatingsugarpaintings.C.Thevarietyofdifferentsugarpaintings. D.Thepleasureofenjoyingsugarpaintings.〖答案〗8.D9.B10.A11.B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹四川省糖畫的來源，發(fā)展及其制作過程?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesweetartofpaintingwithcaramelizedsugar(焦糖)canbewitnessedinChina’sSichuanprovince.Thisancientcraftstillmanagestoamazetouristsluckyenoughtostumbleuponaskilledstreetartist.(在中國的四川省可以看到用焦糖作畫的甜蜜藝術(shù)。這項(xiàng)古老的工藝仍然讓游客感到驚訝，他們有幸stumbleupon了一位技藝高超的街頭藝術(shù)家。)”可知，在中國的四川省可以看到用焦糖作畫的甜蜜藝術(shù)，所以他們應(yīng)該是有幸遇到了一位技藝高超的街頭藝術(shù)家，所以，stumbleupon的意思應(yīng)該是“遇到”，和選項(xiàng)D意思一致。故選D。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DuringtheQingDynasty,itgainedevenmorepopularityandthetechniqueswereupgraded,whichresultedinanincreasednumberofpatterns,mostoftheminspiredbynature,wildlifeandreligion.(在清朝，它變得更加流行，技術(shù)也得到了升級(jí)，導(dǎo)致圖案數(shù)量增加，其中大多數(shù)圖案的靈感來自自然、野生動(dòng)物和宗教。)”可知，在清朝，糖畫的圖案主題變得多了。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段““Painting”artisticpiecesfrommeltedsugarisverydifferentfromregularpainting.Becausethehotsugarcoolsdownveryquickly,thepainterhastoworkswiftly,makingsurehefollowsthecorrectorderofstrokes(一畫，筆畫)togeteveryshapejustright.Inordertogetfamiliarwiththeprocessandthetechnique,it’srecommendedthatartistspracticenormalpaintingfirst.(用融化的糖繪制藝術(shù)作品與普通繪畫有很大不同。因?yàn)闊崽抢鋮s得很快，畫家必須迅速工作，確保他按照正確的筆畫順序畫出每一個(gè)形狀。為了熟悉這一過程和技巧，建議藝術(shù)家先練習(xí)普通繪畫。)”可知，用融化的糖繪制藝術(shù)作品與普通繪畫的不同在于，畫家必須迅速工作，確保按照正確的筆畫順序畫出每一個(gè)形狀。故選A。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Mastersofthiscenturies-oldcraftusebrownorwhitesugarasthemainmaterial.Abronzespoonandasmallspadeastools,andaslab(厚塊)ofmarbleasthecanvas.Thesugarismeltedoverafierypotandspreadoverthecanvaswiththespoon.Oncetheshapeiscompleted,thespadeisusedtoglueawoodensticktotheartworkandtoseparateitfromthemarbleslab.Thenyoucanhaveyourveryowncaramelizedsugardragonortigerandauniquesouvenir.(這種有數(shù)百年歷史的工藝大師使用紅糖或白糖作為主要原料。一把青銅湯匙和一把小鏟子作為工具，一塊大理石作為畫布。糖在一個(gè)火盆上融化，用勺子撒在畫布上。形狀完成后，用鏟子將木棍粘在藝術(shù)品上，并將其與大理石板分離。然后你可以擁有自己的焦糖龍或虎和一個(gè)獨(dú)特的紀(jì)念品。)”可知，這一段主要介紹糖畫的制作過程。故選B。DIfyou’veeverwatchedadognap,you’veprobablywonderedifanimalsdream.It’sacomplicatedquestion.Westilldon’tknowexactlywhyhumansdream.Studyinganimaldreamsisevenharder;dogscan’ttelluswhatmadethemwhine(哀鳴)duringanap.However,arecentstudysuggestsspidersmayexperienceREM-like(類快速眼動(dòng))sleepandevenvisualdreams.Itsoundsunusual,butitmaybetrue.RatsrecallmazememoriesAfterratsrunamaze(迷宮)duringtheday,theycanrerunthesamecoursewhileasleep,researchhasshown.Whenawake,arat’shippocampus,apartofthebrainresponsibleformakingandstoringmemories,rememberstheneuron(神經(jīng)元)patternofnavigatingthemaze.Laterwhenasleep,thebrainreproducestheidenticalpattern,suggestingtheratremembersthemaze.This2001findingwasoneofthefirsttosuggestthatanimalshadcomplexdreams.Thoseratbrainstudiesshowthatwhenmazememoriesoccurduringsleep,thevisualimagerythatwentalongwiththemisalsoreactivated,meaningthesleepingratssawwhattheyhadseeninthemazewhileawake.Thesamehasbeenfoundforauditory(聽覺)andevenemotionalareasthatreactivatewhentheratrerunsthemazeduringREMsleep.ZebrafinchesremembersongsDespitebeingknownfortheirlyricalsongs,zebrafinchesaren’tbornsingers.Thebirdsmustlearnbylistening,practicing,and,perhaps,bydreaming.In2000researcherslearnedthatneuronsinthebirds’forebrainsfirewithadistinctpatternwhiletheysingasong.Whilethebirdssleep,theirbrainsreproducethissamepattern,replicatingthesongtheyheardandsangthatday,suggestingthebirdsrememberandpracticesongsintheirsleep.Dodreamingbirdsrelivetheirwakingexperiences?Oraresingingdreamsmorelikealgorithms(算法)runningwithoutconsciousawareness?Scientistsmaybegettingclosertofindingout.ResearcherMourrainsays,“Iwouldnotbesurprisedifactualdreamswerefoundinanimals,andIthinkeventuallywe’llbeabletoshowthatscientifically.Youdidsomethinginthedaytime,andyourbrainwillreplayit,integrateit,andmixitwithotherexperiences.We’renottheonlyspeciescapableofrememberingandlearning.”12.Whyisitmoredifficulttostudyanimaldreams?A.Animalsrarelydream. B.Animalsdonotspeak.C.Animalsseldomsnooze. D.AnimalsdonotexperienceREM.13.Whatcanwesayabouthippocampus?A.Itmakesandstoresmemories. B.Itremembersthepatternofthemaze.C.Itenablesratstohavecomplexdreams. D.Ithelpssleepingratstoseethemazeclearly.14.WhichofthefollowingwouldMourrainmostprobablyagreewith?A.Whatwefoundinanimalsnowarenotactualdreams.B.Thesciencetodayisunabletoprovethatanimalsdodream.C.Thefactthatanimalsdreamwillsoonerorlaterbeconfirmed.D.Allanimalsintheworldhavetheabilitytorememberandlearn.15.Whatmightbethereasonthatscientistsconductthiskindofresearch?A.Theywanttofindouttherelationshipbetweensleepandmemory.B.Theyhopetoprovethathumansaretheonlyspeciesthatdream.C.Theytrytounderstandanimals’“dreams”andtheirinfluenceonmemory.D.Theyattempttoimprovethelearningabilityoftheseanimals.〖答案〗12.B13.A14.C15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)物也會(huì)做夢(mèng)，且研究動(dòng)物夢(mèng)可以了解動(dòng)物的認(rèn)知能力。文章介紹了相關(guān)研究和發(fā)現(xiàn)。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Studyinganimaldreamsisevenharder;dogscan’ttelluswhatmadethemwhine(哀鳴)duringanap.(研究動(dòng)物夢(mèng)更難，狗無法告訴我們是什么讓它們?cè)诖蝽飼r(shí)發(fā)出嗚嗚聲。)”可知，研究動(dòng)物夢(mèng)更難是因?yàn)閯?dòng)物不會(huì)說話。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenawake,arat’shippocampus,apartofthebrainresponsibleformakingandstoringmemories,rememberstheneuron(神經(jīng)元)patternofnavigatingthemaze.(當(dāng)清醒時(shí),老鼠的海馬體（大腦中負(fù)責(zé)制造和存儲(chǔ)記憶的部分）會(huì)記住迷宮導(dǎo)航的神經(jīng)元模式。)”可知，關(guān)于海馬體，我們知道的是它制造和儲(chǔ)存記憶。故選A。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ResearcherMourrainsays,“Iwouldnotbesurprisedifactualdreamswerefoundinanimals,andIthinkeventuallywe’llbeabletoshowthatscientifically.Youdidsomethinginthedaytime,andyourbrainwillreplayit,integrateit,andmixitwithotherexperiences.We’renottheonlyspeciescapableofrememberingandlearning.”(研究人員Mourrain說：“如果在動(dòng)物身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了真正的夢(mèng)，我不會(huì)感到驚訝，我認(rèn)為最終我們將能夠科學(xué)地證明這一點(diǎn)。你在白天做了一些事情，你的大腦會(huì)回放它，整合它，并將它與其他經(jīng)歷相結(jié)合。我們不是唯一能夠記憶和學(xué)習(xí)的物種?！?”可知，Mourrain最有可能同意的是：動(dòng)物做夢(mèng)這一事實(shí)遲早會(huì)得到證實(shí)。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’veeverwatchedadognap,you’veprobablywonderedifanimalsdream.It’sacomplicatedquestion.Westilldon’tknowexactlywhyhumansdream.Studyinganimaldreamsisevenharder;dogscan’ttelluswhatmadethemwhine(哀鳴)duringanap.However,arecentstudysuggestsspidersmayexperienceREM-like(類快速眼動(dòng))sleepandevenvisualdreams.Itsoundsunusual,butitmaybetrue.(如果你看過狗打盹，你可能會(huì)想知道動(dòng)物是否做夢(mèng)。這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題。我們?nèi)匀徊恢廊祟悶槭裁醋鰤?mèng)。研究動(dòng)物夢(mèng)更難；狗無法告訴我們是什么讓它們?cè)诖蝽飼r(shí)發(fā)出嗚嗚聲。然而，最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，蜘蛛可能會(huì)經(jīng)歷類似快速眼動(dòng)的睡眠，甚至做夢(mèng)。這聽起來很不尋常，但可能是真的。)”“ResearcherMourrainsays,“Iwouldnotbesurprisedifactualdreamswerefoundinanimals,andIthinkeventuallywe’llbeabletoshowthatscientifically.Youdidsomethinginthedaytime,andyourbrainwillreplayit,integrateit,andmixitwithotherexperiences.We’renottheonlyspeciescapableofrememberingandlearning.”(研究人員Mourrain說：“如果在動(dòng)物身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了真正的夢(mèng)，我不會(huì)感到驚訝，我認(rèn)為最終我們將能夠科學(xué)地證明這一點(diǎn)。你在白天做了一些事情，你的大腦會(huì)回放它，整合它，并將它與其他經(jīng)歷相結(jié)合。我們不是唯一能夠記憶和學(xué)習(xí)的物種。”)”可知，科學(xué)家進(jìn)行這種研究的原因可能是他們?cè)噲D理解動(dòng)物的“夢(mèng)”及其對(duì)記憶的影響。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。FourDailyHabitsofLeadersLeadershipisacollectionofkeyskillsthatyoucandevelop.Here,let’ssharethedailyhabitsthatwillputyouinchargeasaleader.Theyseeopportunitieswhereothersseechallenges.____16____,butthequestioniswhatwedowithit.Onarainyday,youcanblamethesky,ortaketheopportunitytosellumbrellastothosewhodon’thavethem.Leadersseetheopportunityinsituations,andmoreimportantly,helpotherstofindit.Thepersonwhoseesforgottenfactoriesonabandonedstreetsthinks:Hey,whydon’twegrowproduceinthosespaces?Thatgivesrisetoentireindustrieslikeurbanfarming.____17____.Asaleader,youaretheultimaterolemodel.Peoplearewatchingyouallthetime:Howyouwalkthroughthehallway,whatyouwear,howyoutreatpeople,whenyougettotheofficeandwhenyouleave.Goodleaderstakegreatcareofthemselves,withenoughsleep,exerciseandgoodeating.Theyknowthatisthefueltokeepthemselvesatpeakperformance.They’recuriousaboutthepresent.Leadersareinterestedinwhat’sgoingonandcomingnext.____18____.Theypreferthecompanyofrealpeopleandareeagertolearnsomethingnew.Theytakerisksthoughtfully.Greatleadershaveplans,butarewillingtoabandonthemwhennecessary.____19____.Forexample,whenEsbecameoutofschool,sherealizedthatthereweren’talotofopportunitiesforherscientificfield.Herfatherwaswritingabook,sosheputherenergyintohelpinghimpublishit.____20____.Andtherewasanopportunitytocreateabusinesstohelpthosewhowantedtoself-publish.Soshestartedthatbusinessandshefinallymadeit.A.TheyshareownershipwithothersB.Theyknowthatthey’rerolemodelsC.WeallhavethesameinformationinfrontofusD.TheycarefullychangeacertainriskintoanopportunityE.Theywanttoplaywithnewtechnology,andmeetnewpeopleF.Thensherealizedtheself-publishingworldwasabitofaWildWestG.Sheimmediatelystoppedthiskindofriskandtriedsomethingtotallynew〖答案〗16.C17.B18.E19.D20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了幫助自己具有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的幾個(gè)日常習(xí)慣。【16題詳析】根據(jù)后半句“butthequestioniswhatwedowithit.(但問題是我們?cè)撛趺刺幚磉@個(gè)信息)”可知，我們面前都有同樣的信息，但然后處理是問題所在。選項(xiàng)C符合前后的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，it和thesameinformation是關(guān)聯(lián)詞。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“Weallhavethesameinformationinfrontofus(我們面前都有同樣的信息)”符合上下文語境。故選C。【17題詳析】根據(jù)后句“Asaleader,youaretheultimaterolemodel.(作為一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，你是終極的榜樣)”以及后文對(duì)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者榜樣作用的闡述可知，本段主要介紹作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他們知道自己是榜樣，rolemodel是關(guān)鍵詞，所以選擇項(xiàng)B“Theyknowthatthey’rerolemodels(他們知道自己是榜樣)”符合上下文語境。故選B。【18題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Theypreferthecompanyofrealpeopleandareeagertolearnsomethingnew.(他們更喜歡有真人陪伴，并且渴望學(xué)習(xí)新東西)”可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更喜歡有真人陪伴，并且渴望學(xué)習(xí)新東西，preferthecompanyofrealpeopleandareeagertolearnsomethingnew和playwithnewtechnology,andmeetnewpeople是關(guān)聯(lián)詞，所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Theywanttoplaywithnewtechnology,andmeetnewpeople(他們想玩新技術(shù)，認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友)”符合上下文語境。故選E。【19題詳析】根據(jù)主題句“Theytakerisksthoughtfully.(他們會(huì)深思熟慮地承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”以及前文“Greatleadershaveplans,butarewillingtoabandonthemwhennecessary.(偉大的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有計(jì)劃，但愿意在必要時(shí)放棄)”可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者既要承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，又要有將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)為機(jī)遇的能力，選項(xiàng)D可以承接上文對(duì)于承擔(dān)奉獻(xiàn)的介紹，takerisks是關(guān)鍵詞，所以選擇項(xiàng)D“Theycarefullychangeacertainriskintoanopportunity(他們小心翼翼地將某種的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)遇)”符合上下文語境。故選D?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Forexample,whenEsbecameoutofschool,sherealizedthatthereweren’talotofopportunitiesforherscientificfield.Herfatherwaswritingabook,sosheputherenergyintohelpinghimpublishit.(例如，當(dāng)埃斯貝從學(xué)校畢業(yè)時(shí)，她意識(shí)到自己的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域沒有太多機(jī)會(huì)。她的父親正在寫一本書，所以她把精力放在幫助他出版上)”以及后文“Andtherewasanopportunitytocreateabusinesstohelpthosewhowantedtoself-publish.(這是一個(gè)創(chuàng)建業(yè)務(wù)來幫助那些想要自助出版的人的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，埃斯貝改變了計(jì)劃，所以選擇項(xiàng)F“Thensherealizedtheself-publishingworldwasabitofaWildWest(然后她意識(shí)到自助出版有很大的發(fā)展空間)”符合上下文語境。故選F。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題，每小題1.5分，共30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中。選出最佳選項(xiàng)。MyhusbandandIweregoingtobeawayfromourfamilyforThanksgiving.Wewouldbealoneinahotelroom,eatingcheaptake-outandfeelingvery____21____forourselves.ThethoughtofitwasmorethanIcouldbear.Idecidedtotakethe____22____.IwroteapostonFacebook:“Doesanyoneknowofachurchorcommunitycenterhostingapublic____23____forThanksgivinginWinnipeg?”Afriendimmediatelywrotebackwith____24____news.So,threedayslater,wefoundourselvesdrivingtothesmalltownofDauphin,Manitoba,tospendThanksgivingwith____25____.We____26____infrontofasmall,lakesidehouse.Asmilingcouple____27____usfromthefrontporch.AswesteppedintoBettyandGary’shome,wewereimmediatelymetwith____28____.Thewoodstovetookeverybitofchilloutoftheair,andthesmelloffood____29____uslikeasoftblanket.Turkey,stuffing,veggies,andpilesofdesserts—whata______30______!Andthewarmthdidn’tjustcomefromthehomeorthefood.ItcamefromBetty,Gary,andtheir______31______.Wegatheredaroundthetable;introductionsweremade.We______32______thatnoonetherewasfamilybyblood.______33______,wewereallconnectedbysomethingmuchgreater.Ourunease______34______aswetoldstories,sharedlaughs,andgave______35______,withfood______36______sharedaroundanopentable.Wewere______37______intothiscircleoffriendship.Laughter______38______toflow.Relationshipswereborn.Memorieswerecreated.WethoughtweweregoingtospendThanksgivingwithstrangers,butwereallydidn’t.Sharingamealtogether,we’reconnectedbyourdesirefor______39______,ourneedforunderstanding,andourcommonhumanity.Whata______40______waytocelebrateThanksgiving!21.A.shy B.keen C.sorry D.humble22.A.initiative B.place C.sorrow D.criticism23.A.concert B.pray C.dinner D.game24.A.special B.annoying C.desperate D.good25.A.friends B.journalists C.orphans D.strangers26.A.pulledup B.packedup C.fledaway D.missedout27.A.glancedat B.lookedfor C.sighedat D.wavedat28.A.shiver B.warmth C.cold D.steam29.A.disturbed B.enveloped C.released D.adopted30.A.feast B.salary C.disappointment D.incident31.A.guests B.devices C.carpets D.gifts32.A.disagreed B.voted C.tolerated D.discovered33.A.Besides B.Instead C.Therefore D.Instantly34.A.burstout B.divedin C.meltedaway D.breakout35.A.thanks B.letters C.help D.warnings36.A.randomly B.generously C.temporarily D.barely37.A.forced B.chosen C.arrested D.drawn38.A.stopped B.whispered C.proceeded D.disappeared39.A.food B.love C.violence D.peace40.A.dull B.bitter C