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第十一章克隆與醫(yī)學(xué)
CloneandMedicine
第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
principleandtechnology第三節(jié)動(dòng)物克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning4/21/20241MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
whatisCloningA“clone”isacopyofsomething.ComputersthatmimicIBMsarecalled“clones.”Ingenetics,acloneisageneticcopyofanotherorganism.Clonesoccurnaturally:Asexualbreedinginplants&loweranimalsIdenticaltwins(triplets)inhigheranimals4/21/20242MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
whatisCloningClonesoccurnaturally4/21/20243MedicalBiologyCloningistomakeageneticallyidentical
organismthroughnon-sexualmeans.
第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
whatisCloning4/21/20244MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
whatisCloningNaturalnon-sexClonesoccurnaturallyinplantsandloweranimals:4/21/20245MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
whatisCloningForcenturiesithasbeenknownthatsimpleanimals–worms&starfish–canbeclonedbycuttingtheminhalf.Thisdoesn’tworkforhigheranimals!Partoftheproblemiscellspecialization:NerveBoneMuscle,etc.4/21/20246MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
Cloninginthe20thCenturyWenowrealizethateachspecializedcellhasallthegeneticinformation,butmuchofitisturnedoff.Problem–howtoresetthe“program”sothisinformationisusable?Cloningoffrogssuccessfulin1950sCloningoflivestockfromfetalcellsin1970s4/21/20247MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
Dolly-1996ClonefromanadultsheepcellbyScotsresearchersunderIanWilmutHadonlyonesuccessin300tries.Dollygrewtomaturity,andsuccessfullyhadalambbynaturalmeansin1998.ButDollyseemstobeprematurelyold.4/21/20248MedicalBiologyDolly19964/21/20249MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDollyCloningofthissorthasnowbeendoneoncattle,pigsandmicealso.Thesuccessratehasimprovedconsiderably.Cloninghumansbeginstoshowupinsciencefictionin1970s.Thisisnowarealisticpossibility.4/21/202410MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDolly
Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned.2001.Fivegeneticallyidenticalclonedpigs.4/21/202411MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDollyThepairofcalveswereborn.19984/21/202412MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDollyTheworld'sfirstclonedcat.20024/21/202413MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDolly
CCandRainbow,thedonorofCC'sgeneticmaterial4/21/202414MedicalBiology第一節(jié)克隆的概念及發(fā)展史
ABriefHistoryofCloning
CloningsinceDollyThemuleinthepictureistheworld’sfirstclonedmule.2003.4/21/202415MedicalBiology
Typesofcloning
Reproductivecloning-
Therapeuticcloning-第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology4/21/202416MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
OthertypesofcloningSinglecellorganisms,likebacteriaandfungi.Thisincludesfermentationprocessesforproductionofbread,beer,andwine.EntireplantasexualreplicationNaturalcloningoccursinsexualreproduction,whentheembryosplitsintwotoproducetwins.4/21/202417MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
PrincipleandtechnologyCellsofhigheranimals(mammals)aremuchmorespecializedthanplantcellsorloweranimals.Therefore,muchmoredifficulttochangethemtobecomeunspecializedforcloning.4/21/202418MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
多莉的產(chǎn)生
HowDollywascloned?In1997Dollythesheepbecamethefirstvertebrateclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.Notonlywasthisaremarkablescientificbreakthroughbutitimmediatelygainedinterestandconcernfromaroundtheworldonthefutureofcloningtechnologyasitwouldeffecthumans.4/21/202419MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
多莉的產(chǎn)生HowDollywascloned?
4/21/202420MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
多莉的產(chǎn)生HowDollywascloned?4/21/202421MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
多莉的產(chǎn)生
HowDollywascloned?4/21/202422MedicalBiology第二節(jié)克隆技術(shù)與原理
Principleandtechnology
Problemswithcloning?
?Lowsuccessrate(Dollytook276attempts)?Tumours?Geneticdefects?Over-growthsyndrome?Pre-matureageing(geneticage)?Massivequantitiesofhumaneggsrequired?Reductioninadaptability–geneticuniformity?Insertionofgenes?Lackofknowledge4/21/202423MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
CloneanimalSavingendangeredspeciesToanswerquestionsofbasicbiologyForpharmaceuticalproduction.Forherdimprovement.Tosatisfyourdesires(e.g.petcloning).Forhuman:Therapeuticcloning
ReplacingorgansandothertissuesGenetherapyReversingtheageingprocessCloneHumanInfertilityReplacingalostchildCreatingdonorpeople4/21/202424MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
ApplicationofanimalcloningCloningofendangeredspecies4/21/202425MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Applicationofanimalcloning
thefirstcloneofanendangeredanimal(2001),ababybullgaur印度野牛4/21/202426MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Applicationofanimalcloning
PharmingPharmingistheproductionofpharmaceuticalsinanimalsengineeredtocontainaforeign,drug-producinggeneThesegoatscontainthehumangeneforaclot-dissolvingproteinthatisproducedintheirmilk.4/21/202427MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
TherapeuticcloningResearchcouldgiveinsighttooriginsofcancerandothercellularprocessessuchasaging.Techniquescouldbeusedwithnervecellsthatdonotregularlyreproduce.CouldpossiblyhelpAlzheimerorParkinson’ssufferers.Nuclearreplacementcouldhelpthosewithdiseasesthatareinheritedfrommitochondria.Thenucleusisremovedfromthediseasedcellandplacedintoonewithhealthymitochondria.4/21/202428MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Therapeuticcloning
4/21/202429MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Therapeuticcloning
Thebodywillnotrejectthisclone,astheDNAofthenewheartisthesameofthatofthepatients.Possiblesourceofstemcells-umbilicalcord-Adultcells(?)4/21/202430MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Therapeuticcloning
4/21/202431MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Thehotdebate-----clonehuman
Theprospectofcloninghumansishighlycontroversialandraisesanumberofethical,legalandsocialchallengesthatneedtobeconsidered.4/21/202432MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Thehotdebate-----clonehumanAretherehumanclones?Yes–IdenticalTwins4/21/202433MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Thehotdebate-----clonehuman4/21/202434MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofCloning
Thehotdebate-----clonehuman4/21/202435MedicalBiology第三節(jié)克隆技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景
ApplicationofClon
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