英國倫敦分析報(bào)告London（英文版）-2024年1月上傳培訓(xùn)課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYLondonCHAPTER

01DemographicsPopulationofLondonfrom1981to2022PopulationofLondon1981-20229,500,0009,000,0008,500,0008,000,0007,500,0007,000,0006,500,0003Description:ThepopulationofLondonwasapproximately8.9millionin2022,anincreaseofovertwomillionpeoplewhencomparedwiththeearly1980s.Throughoutthe1980sthepopulationoftheUnitedKingdom'scapitalgrewataveryslowrate,beforeacceleratingtoamuchfasterrateinthe1990s.Londonisbyfarthelargestcity/urbanagglomerationintheUnitedKingdom,morethanthreetimeslargerthanthenextlargestcitiesofManchesterandBirmingham.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1981to2022Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)PopulationofLondonfrom1981to2020,bygender(inmillions)PopulationofLondon1981-2020,bygenderMaleFemale4.64.44.24.03.83.63.43.23.04Description:Therewereapproximately4.49millionfemalesand4.51millionmaleslivinginLondonin2020,atotalpopulationofaround9millionpeople.ThiswasthefirstyearintheprovidedtimeperiodthatthatthereweremorementhanwomenintheUKcapital,especiallywhencomparedto1981whenwomenoutnumberedmenby300thousand.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1981to2020Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)PopulationofLondonin2020,byagegroup,(in1,000s)PopulationofLondon2020,byagegroup900822.08779.938007006005004003002001000757.85677.46606.33595.8598.54569.94556.59550.75508.72474.46405.58318.14280.43196.42150.9893.858.670-45-910-14

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90andover5Description:Therewerealmostover822thousandpeoplelivinginLondon,UnitedKingdomwhowereagedbetween30and34in2020,themostofanygroup.Thefourlargestagecohortswereallclusteredbetweentheagesof25and44,whileolderagegroupsgrowsuccessivelysmallerinsizeafterthepeakof30to34years.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2020Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)PopulationofLondonin2022,byboroughPopulationofLondon2022,byboroughEstimatedmid-yearpopulation050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000CroydonBarnet392,224389,101EalingNewhamBrent369,937358,645341,221329,578BromleyWandsworthEnfield329,035327,224325,789TowerHamletsLambethSouthwarkRedbridgeHillingdon316,812311,913310,911310,6816Description:LondonisbyfarthelargestcityintheUnitedKingdom,andissplitupinto33smallerunitscalledboroughs.Asof2022thelargestoftheseboroughs,intermsofpopulation,wasCroydon,whichhadapopulationof392,224in.London'shistoriccenter,theCityofLondon,wasthesmallestboroughintermsofpopulationsize,atjust10,847people.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2022Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)PopulationforecastforLondonfrom2021to2043PopulationforecastforLondon2021-20439.99.89.79.819.799.759.729.699.669.639.599.69.59.49.39.29.19.09.569.539.499.469.439.49.379.349.319.289.269.229.199.159.12021

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20437Description:By2043thepopulationofLondonisexpectedtoreach9.8millionpeople,anincreaseof800thousandpeoplewhencomparedwith2021.WhileithasseenquiteasteepriseinitspopulationinrecentyearsLondon`spopulationwasrelativelystablethroughoutthe1980sandevendecreasedslightlytowardstheendofthatdecade.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2018Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)CHAPTER

02EconomyGrossdomesticproductofLondonfrom1998to2021(inmillionGBP)GDPofLondon1998-2021550,000500,000450,000400,000350,000300,000250,0001998

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20219Description:In2021,thegrossdomesticproductofLondonwasapproximately496.4billionBritishpounds,comparedwith457.5billionpoundsin2020,and515.3billionpoundsin2019.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1998to2021;*GDPisdisplayedinrealterms(seasonallyadjustedchainedvolumemeasurewith2019asthereferenceyear)

ReadmoreSource(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)AnnualgrowthrateofgrossdomesticproductinLondonfrom1999to2021GDPgrowthinLondon1999-202110%8.5%7.8%7.3%5.3%4.4%4.3%4.1%4.1%

4.1%3.9%5%0%3.6%3.1%

3.2%3%2.3%1.7%1.8%1.2%1.3%0.4%0.2%-5%-6.4%-10%-15%-11.2%1999

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202110Description:In2021,LondonGDPgrewby8.5percent,comparedwithafallofof11.2percentin2020.Priorto2020,theyearwiththehighestgrowthrateduringthistimeperiodwas2000,whenGDPgrewby8.5percent,andlowestin2009whenitshrankby6.4percent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1999to2021Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)GrossdomesticproductpercapitainLondonfrom1998to2021(inGBP)GDPpercapitaLondon1998to202160,00057,50057,09356,34856,43155,71053,95454,03852,40655,00050,00045,00040,00035,00052,99252,29451,46150,53049,39148,16850,82450,02848,81846,88745,74144,24244,12443,91241,50940,3871998

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202111Description:In2021grossdomesticproductpercapitainLondonwas56,431Britishpounds,comparedwith50,824poundsinthepreviousyear,and57,500in2019.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1998to2019Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)UnemploymentrateinLondonfrom2ndquarter1992to2ndquarter2023UnemploymentrateinLondon1992-202316%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%0%12Description:London'sunemploymentratewas5.1percentinthethreemonthstoJune2023.SinceApril1992,London'sunemploymentratewasatit'shighestduringNovember1993whenitreached14.3percent,andatitslowestinAugust2022,whenitwasfourpercent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);Q21992toQ22023;16yearsandolderSource(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)UnemploymentrateinGreaterLondonasof1stquarter2023,byboroughUnemploymentrateinLondon2023,byboroughUnemploymentrate0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%LondonBrent4.3%6.8%WalthamForestEnfield6%5.8%CroydonNewhamEalingHackney5.4%5.3%5.3%5.2%5.1%5.1%BarnetHounslowRedbridgeHaringey4.8%4.8%4.8%BarkingandDagenham13Description:TheunemploymentrateforGreaterLondonwas4.3percentinthefirstquarterof2023.TheboroughofBrentexperiencedthehighestunemploymentrateinthistimeperiodat6.8percent,comparedtoKingstonuponThameswhichhadanunemploymentrateof2.3percent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);Q32022Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)Medianweeklyearningsforfull-timeworkersresidentinGreaterLondonin2021,byborough(inGBP)Weeklyearningsforfull-timeworkersinLondon2021,byboroughAveragegrossweeklyearningsinGBP400

60002008001,0001,200LondonCityofLondonTowerHamletsWestminster7671,138924851IslingtonSouthwark824819HammersmithandFulhamCamden790782766HackneyHounslowNewham727726CroydonRichmonduponThames71170714Description:Theaverageweeklywageforfull-timeworkersinGreaterLondonwas767Britishpoundsasofthefourthquarterof2021,withwageshighestintheCityofLondonboroughofthecity,at1,138poundsperweek,andlowestinRedbridgeat588poundsaweek.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);Q42021Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)Averageweeklyhoursofworkforfull-timeworkersinLondonfrom4thquarter2004to2ndquarter2023Averageweeklyhoursofworkforfull-timeworkersinLondon2004-202339.538.537.536.535.534.533.515Description:Asofthesecondquarterof2023theaverageweeklyhoursforfull-timeworkersinLondonwas37.2hoursaweek,comparedwith37.5hoursaweekatthesamepointin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);Q42004toQ22023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)CHAPTER

03TransportPassengertrafficatLondonHeathrowAirportbetween2002and2022(inmillions)PassengertrafficatLondonHeathrowAirport2002-2022908080.980.17875.77573.472.37069.467.767.367.967.166.970605040302010065.965.86363.261.622.119.42002

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202217Description:In2022,LondonHeathrowAirporthandledapproximately61.6millionpassengers,upfrom19.4millionrecordedinthepreviousyear.Overtheperiodgiven,thepassengertrafficmostlyincreaseduntil2019beforedecreasingsharplyfromroughly81milliontoapproximately22milliontravelersin2020duetothecoronaviruspandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2002to2022Source(s):HeathrowAirportHoldingsLtd.TransportforLondonpassengerincomefrom2015/16to2022/23,bytype(inmillionBritishpounds)TransportforLondonpassengerincome2015-2023LondonUndergroundfaresBusfaresRailfaresOtherElizabethLine6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00002015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2318Description:LondonUndergroundfareswerethegreatestcontributiontooverallrevenueofTransportforLondon(TfL).TheTubereportedapassengerincomeof2.2billionBritishpoundsinthefinancialyear2022/23,upfrom1.5billionreportedayearearlier.Overall,TfLgeneratedrevenueworth4.3billionBritishpoundsfromalltheservicesinthefinancialyear2022/22.3.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2015/16to2021/22;financialyearsrunningfromApril1sttoMarch31st.Source(s):TransportforLondonNumberofpassengerjourneysontheLondonUnderground(UK)from2000/01to2022/23(inmillions)NumberofpassengerjourneysontheLondonUnderground(UK)2000-20231,6001,4001,2001,000800600400200019Description:PassengernumbersontheLondonUndergroundincreasedsignificantlybetween2010and2019,largelydrivenbypassengersusingordinaryticketssuchasdailytravelcardsasopposedtoseasonticketholders.Between2000/01and2018/19figuresforticketshadmorethandoubled.Inthefinancialyear2020/21,passengervolumedroppedto296millionpassengerjourneysasaresultsofthecoronavirusoutbreak.Thatyear,ticketsalesfortheLondonUndergroundhadacombined[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2023;financialyearsrunfromApril1toMarch31ofeachyear.Source(s):DepartmentforTransport(UK);GOV.UKNumberofpassengerjourneysonbusesinLondonintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2004/2005to2018/2019(inmillionjourneys)NumberofbuspassengerjourneysinLondonintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2004-20193,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002004/05

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2018/19*20Description:ThisstatisticillustratesthenumberofpassengerjourneysonbusesinLondonintheUnitedKingdom(UK)between2004/2005and2018/2019,inmillionjourneys.Intheperiodofconsideration,buspassengerjourneysfluctuated.Thepeakwasrecordedin2013/2014,at2.4billionjourneys.By2018/2019,thisvaluedroppedto2.2billionjourneys.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2004to2019;*ProvisionalvalueThisstatisticisusingoriginaldatafromtheGovernmentDigitalServiceandincludesSource(s):DepartmentforTransport(UK);GOV.UKmaterialfrom?Crown,licensedundertheOpenGovernmentLicensev3.0

ReadmoreNumberofpassengerjourneysontheDocklandsLightRailwaybetween2000/01and2020/21(inmillions)NumberofpassengerjourneysontheDocklandsLightRailway2000-202114012010080122.3121.8119.6116.9116.8110.2101.610086.178.369.467.866.663.9604020053.550.148.545.741.339.738.400/01

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20/2121Description:ThisstatisticshowsthenumberofpassengerjourneysmadewiththeDocklandsLightRailway(DLR),whichoperatesintheDocklandsareofEastLondon,UnitedKingdombetween2000/01and2020/21.TheDLRsawanoticeableincreaseinpassengerusage,growingfrom38.4millionpassengerjourneysin2000/01toapeakof122.3millionpassengerjourneysin2016/17.In2020/21,atotalof39.7millionpassengerjourneysweremadeusingthelightrailsystem.The66percentdip[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2000to2021;financialyearendsMarch,31st.Source(s):DepartmentforTransport(UK);GOV.UKNumberoflicensedcarsinLondon,Englandfrom1995to2020(in1,000)London,England:numberoflicensedcars1995-20203,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001995

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202022Description:Londonwashometosome2.6millionpassengercarsin2020.Between1995and2020,thenumberoflicensedcarsinthecapitalcitysawanetincreaseof17percent,althoughfigureshavedeclinedinthelasttwoyearsrecorded.Overall,thereweresome32.7millioncarsintheUnitedKingdomin2020.LondonhasthelongestmetronetworkinEurope.However,despiteeffortstopromotepublictransportationasawaytoreducefossilfuelintensivecardriving,themotorvehiclestillproved[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);1995to2020Source(s):DepartmentforTransport(UK);DriverandVehicleLicensingAgencyCHAPTER

04CrimeNumberofpolicerecordedcrimeoffencesrecordedinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofcrimeoffencesrecordedinLondon2015-20231,000,000912,487887,870865,214900,000835,822820,920774,734800,000700,000600,000500,000400,000300,000200,000100,0000743,728746,1262015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2324Description:Therewere887,870crimesrecordedinLondoninthe2022/23reportingyear,comparedwith835,822inthepreviousyear.Duringthisprovidedtimeperiod,crimeinLondonhasbeenincreasingsteadily,withthefigureof912,487in2019/20apeakduringthisprovidedtimeperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)Crimerateper1,000populationinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23CrimerateinLondon2015-2023120102.4100.99810080604020093.692.889.387.183.32015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2325Description:ThecrimerateinLondonwas100.9crimeoffencesperthousandpeoplefor2022/23reportingyear,comparedwith92.8inthepreviousyear.Between2015/16and2019/20thecrimerateintheUKcapitalincreasedineveryreportingyear,withthesuddendropseeninthe2019/20reportingyearduetotheCOVID-19pandemiccausingasharpreductionincertaintypesofcrimesuchasrobberyandtheft.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpolicerecordedhomicideoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofhomicidesinLondon2015-20231801601401591441241211191201008060402001121111072015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2326Description:Therewere112homicidesrecordedbythepoliceinLondonfortheperiodinthe2022/23reportingyear,comparedwith124inthepreviousreportingyear.Duringthisprovidedtimeperiod,thereportingyearfor2017/18hadthemosthomicidesinLondonat159,withthefewestoccurringin2016/17,whentherewere107.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpolicerecordedviolenceagainstthepersonoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofviolentcrimesinLondon2015-2023300,000242,824242,084250,000222,038218,046216,340201,125192,979200,000150,000100,00050,0000186,4882015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2327Description:Therewere242,084violentcrimeoffencesrecordedbytheMetropolitanPoliceandCityofLondonPoliceForcesinLondonin2022/23aslightdecreasewhencomparedwiththepreviousreportingyear.Fromalowof186,488violentcrimesin2015/16,violentcrimehasincreasedinalmosteveryyear,withtheexceptionofthemostrecentyear,andthe2020/21reportingyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpolicerecordedtheftoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberoftheftoffencesinLondon2015-2023500,000450,000454,674431,920416,886405,122400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000376,567363,814358,662308,8972015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2328Description:Therewere416,886theftoffencesrecordedbythePoliceinLondonin2022/23,whichwasthehighestamountoftheftoffencesintheUKcapitalsince2019/20.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpolicerecordedsexualoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofsexualoffencesrecordedinLondon2015-202330,00025,00020,00025,23224,95820,53620,19219,80418,63217,66816,14715,00010,0005,00002015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2329Description:Therewere24,958policerecordedsexualoffencesinLondonin2022/23,comparedwith25,232inthepreviousreportingyear,whichwasapeakforsexualoffencesduringthisprovidedtimeperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpolicerecordeddrugoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofdrugoffencesinLondon2015-202360,00049,98448,71050,00045,73042,56039,92538,25040,00030,00020,00010,000037,52035,6962015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2330Description:In2022/23therewere42,560drugoffencesrecordedbythepoliceinLondon,comparedwith45,730inthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2015toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofcriminaldamageandarsonoffencesinLondonfrom2015/16to2022/23NumberofcriminaldamageandarsonoffencesinLondon2015-202370,00062,65261,94260,05460,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,000056,80755,31653,99654,05549,6252015/162016/172017/182018/192019/202020/212021/222022/2331Description:In2022/23,therewere54,055criminaldamageandarsonoffencesrecordedbythepoliceinLondon,anincreaseonthepreviousreportingyearwhentherewereapproximately53,996oftheseoffences.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);April1,2002toMarch31,2023Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)NumberofpoliceofficersintheLondonMetropolitanPoliceandCityofLondonPolicefrom2003to2022NumberofpoliceofficersinLondon2003-2022MetropolitanPoliceCityofLondonPolice40,00035,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,00002003

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202232Description:Therewere34,868policeofficersinLondonin2022,anincreaseof1,065officerswhencomparedwithpreviousyear.ThemajorityofpoliceofficersinLondonworkfortheMetropolitanPoliceservice,whichisresponsibleforpolicingmostoftheUKcapital,withtheCityofLondonPoliceonlyresponsibleforpolicingthehistoricalcenterofthecity,anareathesizeofaroundonesquaremile.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom(England);2003to2022Source(s):HouseofCommonsCHAPTER

05TourismTotalnumberoftouristvisitstoLondon,UnitedKingdom(UK)from2011to2021(inmillions)NumberoftouristvisitstoLondon,UK2011-2021403533.8533.8732.9332.6332.329.7829.573025201510528.4327.1917.4202011201220132014201520162017201820192021134Description:ThecombinednumberofinboundanddomestictouristvisitstoLondon,UnitedKingdom,decreasedsharplyin2021comparedto2019duetothecoronavirus(COVID-19)pandemic.WhileovernighttripstotheUK'scapitalpeakedatnearly34millionin2019,thisfiguredroppedbyroughly49percentin2021,totaling17.4million.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2011to2021;figuresincludeinboundanddomesticovernightvisitsandexcludesame-daytripsSource(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK);VisitBritainSpendingofinternationalvisitorsinLondon,UnitedKingdom(UK)from2009to2022(inbillionGBP)InternationaltouristexpenditureinLondon,UK2009-202218161416.2715.7314.8614.1313.8213.1312.7412.071210810.9410.099.518.91642.6920200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192021202235Description:TheexpenditureofinternationalvisitorsinLondon,UnitedKingdom,bouncedbackin2022,afterfallingdramaticallyduetothecoronavirus(COVID-19)pandemic.Despitegrowingsharplycomparedtothepreviousyear,theinboundtourismspendingintheUK'scapitalremainedbelowpre-pandemiclevels,amountingtoroughly14.1billionBritishpoundsin2022.Theriseininboundtourismspendingwasmainlydrivenbyasignificantincreaseinthenumberofoverseastouristvisitsin[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2009to2022Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK)LeadinginternationaltravelmarketsvisitingLondonin2019(inmillionvisits)LeadinginternationaltouristmarketsvisitingLondon2019Numberofvisitsinmillions1.0

1.50.00.52.02.53.03.5USA3.09France1.84Germany1.51ItalySpain1.391.21IrishRepublic0.750.71NetherlandsAustralia0.570.57China(excludingHongKong)Belgium0.5236Description:ThisstatisticshowstheleadingsourcetravelmarketsforLondonintheUnitedKingdom(UK)in2019,basedonnumberofvisits.ThehighestnumberoftouristsarrivedfromtheUnitedStatesat3.09millionvisits.FranceandGermanyalsorankedinthetopthreecountriesvisitingLondonin2019.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2019Source(s):OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK);VisitBritainAnnualhoteloccupancyrateinLondon(UK)from2019to2021,withaforecastto2023HoteloccupancyrateinLondon(UK)2019-2023Average83%37%46.1%%Harsh

winterMild

winter20192020202120222023%%%%%%72%75.8%71.9%77.7%%37Description:OccupancyratesofhotelsinLondonwerehithardin2020and2021asaresultofthecoronavirus(COVID-19)pandemic.Thefirstyearofthepandemic,2020,sawanaverageoccupancyof37percent,meanwhile,2021sawaslightgrowthinoccupancyat46.1percent.Thisshowsasignificantdeclinewhencomparedto2019'soccupancyrateof83percent.WhenlookingattheoccupancyoutlookforLondonhotels,predictionsdonotreachpre-pandemiclevels,however,2022and2023[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2019to2021Source(s):PwC;STRNumberofvisitstoleadingtouristattractionsinLondon,UnitedKingdom(UK)from2019to2022(in1,000s)MostvisitedtouristattractionsinLondon,UK2019-202220195424624060984360601139922842330229852317290617221716