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2022年考博英語-西南交通大學(xué)考前提分綜合測(cè)驗(yàn)卷(附帶答案及詳解)1.單選題
Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly()byacomputer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.graded
B.managed
C.conducted
D.monitored
【答案】D
【解析】句意:為了防止冬季洪水泛濫,大壩流出的水由計(jì)算機(jī)不斷監(jiān)測(cè)。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。grade評(píng)分;把……分等級(jí);manage管理;控制;設(shè)法;conduct管理;引導(dǎo);進(jìn)行;monitor監(jiān)控。由前半句句意“為了防止冬季洪水泛濫”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。
2.單選題
The()stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.diagram
B.label
C.signal
D.mark
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)diagram“圖表;圖解”;B選項(xiàng)label“標(biāo)簽;商標(biāo)”;C選項(xiàng)signal“信號(hào);暗號(hào);導(dǎo)火線”;D選項(xiàng)mark“標(biāo)志;馬克;符號(hào)”。句意:信封上粘貼的標(biāo)簽說是“航空郵件”。信封上粘貼的應(yīng)該是標(biāo)簽,故選B。
3.單選題
Ifthereistheneedtocompeteinacrowd,tobattle()theedgethesureststrategyistodeveloptheunexpected.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.on
B.for
C.against
D.with
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果需要在人群中競(jìng)爭(zhēng),那么為優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)最可靠的策略就是開發(fā)出意想不到的東西。on在…上;for為了:against反對(duì);with和。此處句意表示“為優(yōu)勢(shì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”,故選B。
4.單選題
Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe()businessmeninthecompany.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.shrewdest
B.sternest
C.nastiest
D.alertest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:盡管他沒有接受過正規(guī)的教育,但是他是這家公司里最精明的商人之一。
考查形容詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)形容詞的最高級(jí)。shrewdest最精明的;最狡猾的;sternest最嚴(yán)厲的;最堅(jiān)定的;nastiest最討厭的:最下流的:alertest最警覺的。根據(jù)前半句句意可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。
5.單選題
Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand()inquality.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.influential
B.inferior
C.superior
D.subordinate
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的;有勢(shì)力的”;B選項(xiàng)inferior“差的;自卑的;下級(jí)的”;C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的;優(yōu)秀的,出眾的”;D選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的,隸屬的;次要的”。句意:他們的產(chǎn)品時(shí)常定價(jià)過高且質(zhì)量很差。并列連詞and連接“定價(jià)過高的”和空格,因此空格處填入B項(xiàng)合適。
6.單選題
Asoneworkswithcolorinapracticalorexperimentalway,oneisimpressedbytwoapparentlyunrelatedfacts.Colorasseenisamobilechangeablethingdependingtoalargeextentontherelationshipofthecolortoothercolorsseensimultaneously.Itisnotfixedinitsrelationtothedirectstimuluswhichcreatesit.Ontheotherhand,thepropertiesofsurfacesthatgiverisetocolordonotseemtochangegreatlyunderawidevarietyofilluminationcolors,usually(butnotalways)lookingmuchthesameinartificiallightasindaylight.Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier.
Whentheeyeisfixedonacoloredarea,thereisanimmediatereadjustmentofthesensitivityoftheeyetocolorinandaroundtheareaviewed.Thisreadjustmentdoesnotimmediatelyaffectthecolorseenbutusuallydoesaffectthenextareatowhichthegazeisshifted.Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation.AsindicatedbytheworkofWrightandSchouten,itappearsthat,atleastforafirstapproximation,fulladaptationtakesplaceoveraverybrieftimeiftheadaptingsourceismoderately,brightandtheeyehasbeeninrelativedarknessjustpreviously.Asthestimulusisallowedtoact,however,theeffectbecomesmorepersistentinthesensethatittakestheeyelongertoregainitssensitivitytolowerintensities.Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond.Theeffectnotonlyispresentoverthemutualareacausingthe“l(fā)ocaladaptation”butalsospreadswithdecreasingstrengthtoadjoiningareasoftheeyetoproduce“l(fā)ateraladaptation”.Also,becauseofthepersistenceoftheeffectiftheeyeisshiftedaroundfromoneobjecttoanother,allofwhichareatsimilarbrightnessorhavesimilarcolors,theadaptationwilltendtobecomeuniformoverthewholeeye.
1.Thisselectionisprimarilyconcernedwith().
2.Whetheracoloredobjectwould,ontwoviewingsseparatedintime,appeartotheviewerassimilarordifferentincolorwoulddependmostlyon().
3.Ifaperson'seyehasbeenlookingatanobjectinbrightsunlightforsometime,andthenshiftstoanobjectnotwelllit,wecanexpect().
4.Theword"superimpose"(Line12,Paragraph2)hastheclosestmeaningto().
5.Thepresentselectionhasapparentlybeenprecededbysomeexplanationof().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theeye’sadaptationtocolor
B.thepropertiesofcoloredsurfaces
C.thecolorofcolors
D.theeffectofchangesincolorintensity
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thecolormechanismoftheeyeinuseatthetimeofeachviewing
B.whethertheobjectwasseeninartificialornaturallight
C.whatkindofviewinghadimmediatelyprecededeachoftheviewings
D.theindividual'spoweroflateraladaptation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.atimelaginthefocusingabilityoftheeye
B.theimmediatelossofthe"afterimage"ofthefirstobject
C.someinabilitytoseecolorsofthelatter-namedobjectsuntillossofsensitivityhasbeenregained
D.theadaptationinthecentralareaoftheeyebutlittleadaptationinthelateralareastothenewintensitylevel
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.putsomethingover
B.forcesomethingtoappear
C.levysomethingupon
D.makesomethingavailable
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.someexperimentwithcolorpigments
B.thenatureofcolor
C.thecolorpropertiesofvarioussurfaces
D.themechanismoftheeye'sadaptationtocolor
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段提出:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效果在很大程度上都是由于前面提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制),后面接著論述了眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“眼睛對(duì)顏色的適應(yīng)”正確。
第2題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Thelongerthetimeofviewing,thehighertheintensity,andthelargerthearea,thegreatertheeffectwillbeintermsofitspersistenceinthesucceedingviewingsituation(觀看時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),強(qiáng)度越高,面積越大,在接下來的觀察中存留的影響就越大)。由此可知答案為C項(xiàng)“快速轉(zhuǎn)移視線前所見景物”.
第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第六句:Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是,如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看,然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域,由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在,并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而疊加到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“直到失去的敏感度恢復(fù)了,才能看到后一個(gè)物體一些原本看不到的顏色”正確。
第4題:詞義題??蓞⒖嫉诙蔚诹?Thenetresultisthat,iftheeyeissoexposedandthenthegazeistransferredtoanareaoflowerintensity,thelossofsensitivityproducedbythefirstareawillstillbepresentandappearasan“afterimage”superimposedonthesecond(最終的結(jié)果是,如果眼睛盯著某種顏色看,然后轉(zhuǎn)移到較低強(qiáng)度的區(qū)域,由第一區(qū)域產(chǎn)生的靈敏度損失將仍然存在,并將會(huì)作為后像出現(xiàn)而…到第二個(gè)區(qū)域中)。由此可知,superimposed指“疊加的”。因此A項(xiàng)“把某物放在上面”正確。
第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句:Bothoftheseeffectsseemtobedueinlargeparttothemechanismofcoloradaptationmentionedearlier(這兩種效應(yīng)似乎和之前提到的顏色適應(yīng)機(jī)制有很大關(guān)系)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“眼睛適應(yīng)顏色的機(jī)制”正確。
7.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.
1.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesenvisionstheaterasemergingoutofmythandritual.
2.LikethestoneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregulardesignandbythepowerfulRomancement,thevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassiveentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.
3.Whenthiskindofdamagingactivityiscarriedoutonline,howcantheoffendereverbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhentheyarealmostentirelyuntraceableinavirtualworld?
4.TheharmonyofmanandnatureintheflowofthegreatstreamofrhythmmakestheChinesegardenmorethansomethingmerelysecular.ItistruethatnoonewouldlookupontheChinesegardenasareligiousstructure.
5.Weanticipateapersonallosswillbemorepainfulthananidenticalgainwillbepleasant,sothebenefitofwinningmustbedisproportionatelylargeforustotakeabet.
【答案】1.人類學(xué)家在十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初提出的最為廣泛接受的理論認(rèn)為戲劇是神話和儀式的產(chǎn)物。
2.就像通過常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)和強(qiáng)有力的羅馬水泥而結(jié)合在一起的羅馬城墻上的石頭,羅馬王國(guó)的各個(gè)部分通過身體的、組織的和心理的控制而被結(jié)合成一個(gè)巨大的實(shí)體。
3.當(dāng)這種破壞性活動(dòng)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行時(shí),在虛擬世界中幾乎完全無法追查的情況下,如何追究犯罪者的行為責(zé)任?
4.在有韻律的極好的溪流的流動(dòng)中人與自然的和諧讓中國(guó)園林不只是一些世俗的東西。確實(shí)沒有人會(huì)將中國(guó)園林看成是一種宗教的建筑物。
5.我們預(yù)料,相比一個(gè)完全相同的收獲帶來的愉快,一個(gè)人的損失帶來的不快更多,因此對(duì)我們?nèi)ゴ蛸€而言,獲勝的好處一定是不成比例地大的。
8.單選題
Technically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeople(1)believethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemical(2)bydrug(3).Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisis(4)themoreneutraltermsubstanceabuseisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenused(5)“drugabuse”to(6)thatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfully(7)asheroinandcocaine.
Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances(drugs)is(8):anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobe(9),coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.Whendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisuses?Firstofall,mostsubstancestakenin(10)willproduce(11)effectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptual(12).Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreased(13),withmoreandmoreofthesubstance(14)toproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasan(15)symptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.
Drugs(substances)that(16)thecentralnervoussystemand(17)perception,moodandbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulants,depressants,orhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem,(18)depressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheir(19)effectonperception,distortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations.Thesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelic(fromtheGreekwordmeaning“mind-manifestation”)becausetheyseemedto(20)alterone’sstateofconsciousness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.seldom
B.always
C.mistakenly
D.rarely
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.made
B.taken
C.drunk
D.eaten
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.users
B.addicts
C.misuses
D.eaters
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.when
B.forwhich
C.that
D.why
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.than
B.morethan
C.lessthan
D.insteadof
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.ensure
B.sure
C.assure
D.insurer
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.misused
B.used
C.misuse
D.user
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.perverse
B.perspicuous
C.pervasive
D.perspicacious
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.sociable
B.affable
C.cordial
D.social
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.access
B.excess
C.redundancy
D.quantity
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.positive
B.good
C.neutral
D.negative
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.distortions
B.deformation
C.distraction
D.distress
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.tolerance
B.intolerance
C.toleration
D.endurance
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.requiring
B.beingrequired
C.required
D.havingbeenrequired
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.withdrawal
B.retraction
C.revocation
D.annulment
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.effect
B.influence
C.affect
D.impact
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.change
B.influence
C.switch
D.transform
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.and
B.or
C.meanwhile
D.whereas
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.primary
B.primal
C.major
D.prior
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.radically
B.drastically
C.radiantly
D.dramatically
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:D
第6題:C
第7題:A
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:D
第12題:A
第13題:A
第14題:C
第15題:A
第16題:C
第17題:A
第18題:D
第19題:A
第20題:A
【解析】第1題:考查副詞辨析。seldom很少;always總是;常常;mistakenly錯(cuò)誤地;曲解地;rarely很少地;難得;罕有地。該處句意為:很多人錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為毒品…。故選C。
第2題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式??崭袂盀閟omesortofmedicineoranillegalchemical(一些種類的藥品或一種非法的化學(xué)藥品)。因此,B項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:考查名詞辨析。由空格前“anillegalchemical一種非法的化學(xué)藥品”的對(duì)應(yīng)可知這里指代“吸毒者”,故B項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的“drugaddicts吸毒者”正確。
第4題:語法題。考查從句的引導(dǎo)詞??崭袂懊婢湟鉃?Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs(他們沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到諸如酒精和煙草的常見物質(zhì)也是毒品),是解釋說明后面moreneutraltermsubstanceabuseisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists(更中性的詞(即藥物濫用)如今被很多內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和心理學(xué)家使用)的原因。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
第5題:語義題。此處句意為:“substanceabuse”這個(gè)短語代替“drugabuse”使用。
第6題:考查詞義辨析。ensure保證,確保;使安全;sure確信的;可靠的;必定的;assure保證;擔(dān)保;使確信;弄清楚;insure給……保險(xiǎn):確保??崭裉帒?yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而且賓語是:substancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfully(諸如酒精和煙草等物質(zhì)可以一樣有害)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。
第7題:語義題。這里是為了解釋說明“substanceabuse”(藥物濫用),而且空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)。因此A項(xiàng)“濫用”符合句意。
第8題:考查形容詞辨析。perverse墮落的;不正當(dāng)?shù)?;違反常情的;perspicuous明了的;清晰明白的;易懂的;pervasive普遍的;到處滲透的;流行的;perspicacious有洞察力的;聰穎的;敏銳的。該處句意為:我們生活在一個(gè)藥物的醫(yī)學(xué)和社會(huì)用途…的社會(huì):用阿司匹林緩解頭痛…。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合句意。
第9題:考查形容詞辨析。sociable社交的;好交際的;友善的;affable和藹可親的;友善的;cordial熱忱的;誠(chéng)懇的;興奮的;social社會(huì)的;群居的。這里表示:為了社交而喝酒。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
第10題:考查名詞辨析。該處表示:首先,大多數(shù)物質(zhì)的…使用都會(huì)產(chǎn)生…影響,如中毒或嚴(yán)重的感知錯(cuò)亂。因此,B項(xiàng)所構(gòu)成的“inexcess(過量,過度)正確。
第11題:考查形容詞辨析。positive積極的;肯定的;good好的;優(yōu)良的;愉快的;neutral中立的;中性的;negative[數(shù)]負(fù)的;消極的;否定的;陰性的;負(fù)面的。參照本句句意可知此處表示“負(fù)面的影響”。
第12題:考查名詞辨析。distortion變形;扭曲;曲解;deformation變形;distraction注意力分散;消遣;心煩意亂;distress危難;不幸;貧困。此題解題可以參照最后一段:...effectonperception,distortingandalteringit(對(duì)感知有影響,扭曲且改變它)。因此這里表示“感知的扭曲”。
第13題:考查名詞辨析。tolerance公差;容忍;【醫(yī)學(xué)】耐藥力;耐受性;intolerance(尤指對(duì)別人的意見)不寬容;偏執(zhí);toleration寬容;忍受;endurance忍耐;持久;耐久。這里表示:藥物依賴首先表現(xiàn)為…增強(qiáng)。因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。
第14題:語法題??疾榉侵^語。此處是with+主語+動(dòng)詞分詞引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語。而動(dòng)詞require的分詞與邏輯主語substance(藥物)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用require的過去分詞形式。
第15題:考查固定搭配。withdrawalsymptoms表示“斷癥狀;脫癮綜合征”,因此A項(xiàng)正確。
第16題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。effect使發(fā)生;引起;實(shí)現(xiàn);使生效;influence影響(可以是好的或壞的影響);改變;affect影響(側(cè)重不好的影響);感染:感動(dòng);impact撞擊;對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響(一般與on搭配使用)??崭窈鬄椤皌hecentralnervoussystem中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)”,由此可知C項(xiàng)正確。
第17題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Change改變;influence影響;switch轉(zhuǎn)換;transform變換;轉(zhuǎn)化;使改變(思想、性格等)。此題解題可參考最后一段:...effectonperception,distortingandalteringit(對(duì)感知有影響,扭曲且改變它),由此可知這里表示“改變感知”。
第18題:考查連詞辨析。由空格前“speeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystem(加速或激活中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))”與空格后“(slowitdown)使其慢下來”可知前后屬于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。因此D項(xiàng)“然而”正確。
第19題:考查形容詞辨析。primary主要的;初級(jí)的;基本的;primal首要的;原始的;最初的;major重要的;主修的;較多的;prior優(yōu)先的;在前的。這里表示“迷幻藥對(duì)感知的…影響”,因此A符合句意。
第20題:考查副詞辨析。radically根本上;徹底地;以激進(jìn)的方式;drastically徹底地;激烈地;radiantly清朗地;輝煌地;dramatically顯著地;劇烈地。該句表示:這些藥物通常被稱為迷幻藥(來自希臘語,意思是“精神顯現(xiàn)”),因?yàn)樗鼈兯坪酢淖兞艘粋€(gè)人的意識(shí)狀態(tài)。因此A符合句意。
9.單選題
Thelaserrepresentsatruemarriagebetweenscienceandtechnologyinthatthemenwhodeviseditwere()engineersandphysicists.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.spontaneously
B.homogenously
C.instantaneously
D.simultaneously
【答案】D
【解析】句意:激光代表了科學(xué)和技術(shù)的真正結(jié)合,因?yàn)榘l(fā)明激光的人同時(shí)是工程師和物理學(xué)家。
考查副詞辨析。spontaneously自發(fā)地;自然地;homogenously同樣地;instantaneously突如其來地;即刻;simultaneously同時(shí)地。根據(jù)前半句句意可知這里表示“發(fā)明激光的人既是工程師,也是物理學(xué)家”,故選D。
10.單選題
CantheInternethelppatientsjumpthelineatthedoctor'soffice?TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline"virtualvisits"betweendoctorsatthreebiglocalmedicalgroupsandabout6,000employeesandtheirfamilies.ThesixemployerstakingpartintheSiliconValleyinitiative,includingheavyhitterssuchasOracleandCiscoSystems,hopethatonlinevisitswillmeanemployeeswon'thavetoskipworktoattendtominorailmentsortofollowuponchronicconditions."Withourlongcommutesandtraffic,driving40milestoyourdoctorinyourhometowncanbeabigchunkoftime,"saysCindyConway,benefitsdirectoratCadenceDesignSystems,oneoftheparticipatingcompanies.
Doctorsaren'tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue.“Wearenotstupid,"saysStiflingSomers,executivedirectoroftheSiliconValleyemployersgroup."Doctorsgettingpaidisacriticalpieceingettingthistowork."Inthepilotprogram,physicianswillget$20peronlineconsultation,aboutwhattheygetforasimpleofficevisit.
Doctorsalsofearthey'llbeswampedbyramblingE-mailsthattelleverythingbutwhat'sneededtomakeadiagnosis.SothenewprogramwillusetechnologysuppliedbyHealinx,anAlameda,Calif.-basedstart-up.Healinx's"SmartSymptomWizard"questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage.Thecompanyhasonlinedialoguesfor60commonconditions.Thedoctorcanthendiagnosetheproblemandoutlineatreatmentplan,whichcouldincludeE-mailingaprescriptionoraface-to-facevisit.
CanE-mailreplacethedoctor'soffice?Manyconditions,suchaspersistentcough,requirestethoscopetodiscoverwhat'swrongandtoavoidamalpracticesuit.EvenLarryBonham,headofoneofthedoctor'sgroupsinthepilot,believesthevirtualdoctor'svisitsoffera“verynarrow"sliverofservicebetweenphonecallstoanadvicenurseandavisittotheclinic.
Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice.Sofar,theInternet'srecordinthehealthfieldhasbeenunderwhelming.Theexperimentis"ahugerollofthediceforHealing",notesMichaelBarrett,ananalystatInternetconsultingfirmForesterResearch.Ifthe"Webvisits"succeed,someHMOs(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown.
1.TheSiliconValleyemployerspromotetheE-healthprogramforthepurposeof().
2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheon-linedoctors'visits?
3.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,doctorsare().
4."SmartSymptomWizard"iscapableof().
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefutureofonlinevisitswillmostlydependonwhether().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.rewardingtheiremployees
B.gratifyingthelocalhospitals
C.boostingworkerproductivity
D.testingasophisticatedtechnology
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyareaquitepromisingbusiness.
B.Theyarefundedbythelocalgovernment.
C.Theyarewelcomedbyallthepatients.
D.Theyareverymuchunderexperimentation.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.reluctanttoserveonlinefornothing
B.notinterestedinWebconsultation
C.tootiredtotalktothepatientonline
D.contentwith$20paidperWebvisit
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.makingdiagnoses
B.producingprescriptions
C.profilingpatients'illness
D.offeringatreatmentplan
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theemployerswouldremainconfidentinthem
B.theycouldeffectivelyreplaceofficevisits
C.HMOswouldcoverthecostoftheservice
D.newtechnologieswouldbeavailabletoimprovetheE-healthproject
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出了目的:Thepilotprogram,settoendinninemonths,alsohopestodeterminewhetheronlinevisitswillboostworkerproductivityenoughtooffsetthecostoftheservice(為期九個(gè)月的這次的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目,也希望去確定網(wǎng)上問診是否將提高員工的生產(chǎn)率足夠到抵消服務(wù)成本)。因此C項(xiàng)“提高工作效率”正確。
第2題:判斷推理題。第一段第二句指出:TheSiliconValleyEmployersForum,asophisticatedgroupoftechnologycompanies,islaunchingapilotprogramtotestonline“virtualvisits”(作為資深技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)的硅谷雇主論壇推出了一個(gè)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目來測(cè)試虛擬訪問(即網(wǎng)上問診))。由此可知D選項(xiàng)“它們還在實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)中”正確。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:醫(yī)生不愿意在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)服務(wù)。B:對(duì)網(wǎng)上咨詢不感興趣。C:太累而不能與病人在網(wǎng)上聊天。D:對(duì)一次網(wǎng)上問診20美元的價(jià)格滿意。第二段第一句及第二句指出:Doctorsaren’tclamoringtochatwithpatientsonlineforfree;thoughtheyspendsomeunpaidtimeonthephone.Only1in5haseverE-mailedapatient,andjust9percentareinterestedindoingso,accordingtotheresearchfirmCyberDialogue(醫(yī)生們并沒有叫嚷著要免費(fèi)和病人在線聊天,盡管他們?cè)陔娫捝匣艘恍o償?shù)臅r(shí)間。據(jù)研究公司網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)話(CyberDialogue)稱,只有五分之一的人曾給病人發(fā)過電子郵件,只有9%的人對(duì)此感興趣)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)不正確。C項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)并未被文章提及,故排除。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Healinx’s“SmartSymptomWizard”questionspatientsandturnsanswersintoasuccinctmessage(Healinx的“智能癥狀向?qū)А毕蚧颊咛釂枺⒋鸢皋D(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)潔的信息)。因此C選項(xiàng)“扼要描述病人的病情”正確。而其余三項(xiàng)均是醫(yī)生的工作。因此本題選C。
第5題:判斷推理題。A:雇主將仍對(duì)它們有信心。B:它們能有效替代醫(yī)院?jiǎn)栐\。C:健康維護(hù)組織會(huì)承擔(dān)服務(wù)費(fèi)用。D:改善網(wǎng)絡(luò)健康工程的新技術(shù)將存在。最后一段指出:Ifthe“Webvisits”succeed,someHMOs(HealthMaintenanceOrganizations)areexpectedtopayforonlinevisits.Ifdoctors,employers,andpatientsaren'tsatisfied,figureononemoreE-healthstart-uptostanddown(如果“網(wǎng)上問診”成功,一些健康維護(hù)組織(HMO)將為在線訪問付費(fèi)。如果醫(yī)生、雇主和病人都不滿意,那就再找一家電子健康初創(chuàng)公司)。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確,A項(xiàng)過于片面。而B項(xiàng)屬于過度推理,C項(xiàng)只是結(jié)果,并不是條件。因此本題選D。
11.單選題
Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor()thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aesthetic
B.ethnic
C.esthetic
D.ethical
【答案】D
【解析】句意:作為普通人,科學(xué)家絕不會(huì)比其他人更誠(chéng)實(shí)、更講道德,但是,在工作中,他們則更為重視誠(chéng)實(shí)。
考查形容詞辨析。aesthetic藝術(shù)的,美學(xué)的:ethnic種族的;esthetic審美的;ethical倫理的,道德的。Or連接honest(誠(chéng)實(shí)的)和空格,因此空格處應(yīng)填入與honest相近且并列的詞,故選D。
12.單選題
Theflowersinthevase()becausetheyhadnowater.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ripened
B.wrinkled
C.withered
D.prospered
【答案】C
【解析】句意:花瓶里的花因?yàn)闆]有水而枯萎了。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ripen(使)成熟;wrinkle起皺;皺起;wither枯萎;prosper繁榮,昌盛。根據(jù)原因狀語“因?yàn)闆]有水”可知C項(xiàng)符合句意。
13.單選題
Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto()itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.extend
B.enlarge
C.expand
D.amplify
【答案】C
【解析】句意:公司董事會(huì)決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍,將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extend延伸;擴(kuò)大(尤指時(shí)間或空間的延長(zhǎng));enlarge擴(kuò)大(主要指面積或體積等的擴(kuò)大);expand擴(kuò)張;發(fā)展(指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴(kuò)大或增加);amplify擴(kuò)大;增強(qiáng)(常指聲音的擴(kuò)大或電磁波的增強(qiáng),也指補(bǔ)充了細(xì)節(jié)、詳述或擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容等。)。根據(jù)后面的句意“將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。
14.翻譯題
1.中國(guó)是世界上的發(fā)明大國(guó),但是很多發(fā)明無法走出實(shí)驗(yàn)室,歸根結(jié)底是資金問題。
2.當(dāng)然我們還應(yīng)該充分意識(shí)到,大熊貓生存的主要威脅不是來自于大熊貓的繁殖能力,而是來自于人類對(duì)大熊貓自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞。
3.他飲他的花酒,我喝我的清茶。人生需要一種境界:自我安定。
4.自幼來自農(nóng)村且深受“誰知盤中餐,粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我,是斷然不肯將能吃的剩菜倒掉的。
5.太多的醫(yī)學(xué)和研究生教育把學(xué)生禁閉在黑暗的房間里,使他們成為被強(qiáng)迫灌輸信息的笨人。
【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.
2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.
3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.
4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”,Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.
5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.
15.單選題
Thestudentstakea()testinMarch,andthemainexamisinJuly.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.previous
B.preliminary
C.preceded
D.elementary
【答案】B
【解析】句意:學(xué)生們?cè)谌路輩⒓映踉?,正式考試在七月?/p>
考查形容詞辨析。previous先前的;preliminary初步的,預(yù)備的;preceded前面的;elementary初步的,基本的。由后面句子關(guān)鍵詞“正式考試”可知這里指“初試”,故選B。
16.單選題
Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.
Allfoodsincludingwater----cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.
Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.
Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.
Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.
Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.
1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood().
2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad().
3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried().
4.Driedfoods().
5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday
B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians
C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears
D.tendstobeunhygienic
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.cannotliveinsunlight
B.arekilledbydrying
C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent
D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.onhorizontalcylinders
B.inhot-airchambers
C.inthesunandwind
D.usingtheopentraymethod
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen
B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers
C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable
D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.arequicktoprepare
B.tastebetter
C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater
D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前,人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達(dá)到儲(chǔ)存的目的,并且最簡(jiǎn)單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽光和風(fēng)下面),因此C項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)知道幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了”正確。
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去,導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)將會(huì)受阻)。因此D項(xiàng)“它們的活性會(huì)因?yàn)楦稍锒蟠蠼档汀闭_。
第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用機(jī)械化方式風(fēng)干食物。這種脫水的傳統(tǒng)方法是把食物放在室內(nèi),在大約110攝氏度的入口溫度,大約43攝氏度的出口溫度下吹入熱空氣。這種風(fēng)干方法通常用來風(fēng)干像蔬菜、肉末以及魚之類的食物)。因此B項(xiàng)“熱空氣室”正確。
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于這些原因,它們對(duì)攀登者、探險(xiǎn)者和戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的士兵來說是無價(jià)的,因?yàn)樗麄儙缀鯖]有存儲(chǔ)空間)。因此答案為B項(xiàng)“供士兵和登山者使用”。
第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它們也很受家庭主婦的歡迎,因?yàn)榕腼冞@些風(fēng)干了的食物只需要花很少的時(shí)間)。因此A項(xiàng)“很快就可以做好”正確。
17.單選題
InBritainpeople()fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.swallow
B.dispose
C.consume
D.exhaust
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在英國(guó),人們每年消耗四百萬噸土豆。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。swallow忍受;吞沒;dispose處理;處置;安排;consume消耗;
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