專題06 閱讀表達(dá)-【好題匯編】2024年高考英語一模試題分類匯編北京專用原卷版

專題06閱讀表達(dá)（一）（204屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Asakid,IdreamedofbecomingamarinebiologistandIlivedoutthisfantasybysettingupaquariums（魚缸）athome.Then,at20,IwasintroducedtophotographerDavidLiittschwager,whohiredmetohelphimwithamagazineassignmentonmarinelife.David’sassignmentwastodocumenttheamazingbiodiversityfoundintheocean.Myrolewastocollectspeciesforhimtophotograph.Everynight,Iwouldcastafloatinglamp.Likemothsdrawntoaflame,mysteriouscreatureswouldemergefromthedepthsinsearchofthislight.I'dthensetupaquariumstohousethemastheywaitedforDavidtotaketheirshot.ThoseeveningsmademefeelasifIwereonanotherplanet.Ihadneverimaginedsuchstrangelife-formscouldexistinouroceans.ButIdidn'tgraspthetruemagicofwhatwasinfrontofmeuntilIsawthephotographsDavidtook.Thebiggestsurprisewashisimageofababyflounder.Icaughtthisfishbyaccident.OnlylaterdidInoticeitstwotinyeyeballsstaringbackatme.ButDavid'sphotographofthisflounderrevealedauniverseofdetailthatevenmyeagereyeshadmissed.Hismacrolensmagnifieditsribs.Thelightning-fastexposurefrozeitsmotion.Apreciselyaimedlightreleasedtherainbowhiddeninitsskin.Andtheblackbackgroundremovedalldistractionstofocusourattentiononthequietbeautyathand.Yearsafterthatproject,Iwassnorkeling（潛水）onashallowreef.Outofthedarkness,anotherbabyflounderemergedandsettledonmymask.ThistimeIknewwhattolookfor.BeforeworkingforDavid,Ihadassumedthegoalofphotographywassimplytoreproduceanobservationsothatotherscouldsharethesameexperience.Ithadneveroccurredtomethatphotographycouldexpandourvisualperceptionandthereforeteachustoseetheworldanew.Whatwastheauthor'sresponsibilityinDavid’sassignment?______________________________________________________________________________________WhywasDavid'simageofababyflounderthebiggestsurprisetotheauthor?______________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Encounteringababyflounderwhilesnorkelingdeepenedtheauthor’sunderstandingthatphotographycouldreproduceanobservation._______________________________________________________________________________________Whatcanhelpyouseetheworldanew?（Inabout40words）_______________________________________________________________________________________（二）（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we’reconstantlylookingfornewwaystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorothernaturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?AccordingtoastudybyKing’sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthementalwellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirdssingingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsomementalhealthconditions.Andit’snotjustbirdsthatcouldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsofwoodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation(冥想)apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasotherwoodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentlewind,andlightrainfall.However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysidetoseebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesoundsthatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?AccordingtoresearchbyCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,evenarecordingofthesoundsofbirdshadaprofoundeffectonpeople’smood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheirwellbeing.So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccessthewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawoodorviasomeheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyoutorelaxafteralong,hardday.40.WhatdidthestudybyKing’sCollegeLondonin2022find?_____________________________________________________________________________________41.HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?_____________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehavethesameeffectonpeople’smood._____________________________________________________________________________________43.Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________________________________（三）（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedandinteractedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundher,laughingattheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedhertobe.We’vealldonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayofinteractingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,”sayspsychologistDiptiTait.“It’satribal(群體的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselvesfromexposureanddifference.”Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hidingourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternalconflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wemayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwanttospendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves.“Thegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,”saysTait.“It’scrucialforindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportforwhotheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedtohidetheirtrueselvesinordertofitin.”40.Whatissocialmasking?_____________________________________________________________41.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed._____________________________________________________________43.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________（四）（2024屆.北京石景山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirlfromFresno,California,wonthetopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(SIIC)fordesigningafiredetectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.Marine’sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof2023.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectingdevice(設(shè)備),andyetitstillburneddown.”Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatcouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Marine’sthermal(熱的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwastheprogramming.“Ihadtwodesigns,andmyfirstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough,”shesaid.Thefinaldeviceoutperformstraditionalsmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,”MayaFranklin,presidentofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoanexcitingnewfuture.”40.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?______________________________________________________________41.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?______________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectors,Marine’sthermalimagingdeviceisdesignedtosenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.______________________________________________________________43.WhatisthemainqualitythathasmadeMarineatopwinner?Why?(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________________（五）（2024屆.北京房山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Asthesayinggoes,“timewaitsfornoman”.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlackofpunctuality.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.Someclock-watchandmakesurethey’rebangontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate,andifyoucanmakeitontime,whycan’teveryoneelse?Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhaveavailable.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’truntoplan,yourpunctualityinevitablyslips.Peoplewholackpromptnesshavebeendescribedas“timebenders”.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“they’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.”Theyassumetheirjourneytoanappointmentwillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime!Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative—evenifsometimeswrong.Expertssay:Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,orapenchantforthrill-seeking.Itisalsopossiblepeoplearelatesonottobeconspicuousandtoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybewelatecomersshouldmakemoreofaneffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime40.Whatdoes“timebenders”referto?_______________________________________________________________________________41.Whatarethepersonalitycharacteristicsoftimebenders?_______________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.AccordingtoGracePacie,timebendersdon’tcareaboutbeinglatesotheydon’tallowenoughtime._______________________________________________________________________________43.Whatdoyouusuallydotobeontime?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________（六）（2024屆.北京延慶.統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecanuseittoourbenefit.Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesomedegreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceofoccasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupandsharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it’sourbody’swayoftellingustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitcomestooccasionalexperienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenweexpressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremainbalancedandhealthy.Nowit’shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse．40.Whyisanxietynotdeadly?____________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious．____________________________________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________（七）（2024屆.北京門頭溝.統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedforblue-collarworkers.Overthecourseofthe20thcentury,theworking-classpantshavetransformedintofashioniconsandbecomepopulararoundtheworld.However,eachnewpairyoubuyhasamuchhighercostthanyoumightthink.Everypairofjeanstakesabout0.7kilogramsofcotton.Growingthismuchcottonrequiresroughly10,000litersofwater,nottomentionvariousherbicidesandpesticides,whichcanpollutegroundwater.Typically,plasticfibersaremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortandflexibility.Inordertodyethecloth,chemicalspraysandseveralcyclesofacid-washingareadopted,dischargingtoxicpollutantsintoriversandeventurnthemintoindigo-blue.Also,therearethe