考研英語教育類閱讀理解及解析

考研英語教育類閱讀理解及解析考研英語教育類閱讀理解及解析：HOWTOLURETEACHERS?Goresaysthathedspendmoretoboosttheirpay,BushthathedcutthroughthebureaucracyOnthisonepointGeorgeW.BushandAlGorewouldagree:ourschoolsneedmoreMarilynWhirrys.For35years,Whirryhasinspiredhighschoolstudentstothinkdeeplyaboutgreatliteratureandtouseitsdevicesintheirwriting.SheisthekindofteacherthatstudentscomebacktovisitdecadeslaterinherclassroominManhattanBeach,Calif.LastMayanationaleducatorsgroupnamedheritsTeacheroftheYear.Andwiththenationspublicschoolsplanningtohire2.5millionnewteachersoverthenextdecade,Whirryisexcitedthateachpresidentialcandidateispushingwaystorecruit,trainandrewardbetterteachers."Theyrebothtalkingaboutteacherquality,"shesays."Wehavearealopportunityrightnow."Bushsplancombinesmostexistingfederalfundsforprofessionaldevelopmentandclass-sizereductionintoaflexiblenewfundforteachertrainingandrecruitment,andheadds$400millionayearinnewmoney.Bushwouldallowstatestospendthefundsastheyseefit--solongastheyestablishteacher-accountabilitysystems.ThisissimilartowhatRonaldReagandidinthe1980s.Butthen,saysEmilyFeistritzer,presidentoftheCenterforEducationInformation,"themoneydisappeared."UnderBushsplan,shesays,"Iworrythatthemoneywontgowhereitsintendedtoonceitreachesthestates."Bushwouldexpandfundingfrom$2.4millionto$30millionfortheTroopstoTeachersprogram,whichplacesveteranswhowanttoteachinpublicschools.TheprogrammakesuseofpeoplelikeArthurMoore,whoretiredin1994after21yearsintheArmyandknewhewantedtoteach."Therearealotofpeoplewhowouldmakeexcellentteachersbutarediscouragedbythebureaucracyofthecertificationprocess,"saysMoore,45,whobeganteachingfourthgradeinBaltimoreandnowtestsstudentsforspecialeducation."TroopstoTeachersisanexcellentwaytotaptheirpotentialbyloweringthebarriers."Bushwouldalsoexpandloanforgivenessformathandsciencemajorswhoteachinneedyschools.Goresplan,endorsedbytheteachersunions,wouldspend$8billionover10yearstohelprecruit1millionnewteachers,withprovisionsforcollegeaid,loanforgivenessandsigningbonuses.Gorewouldspendanadditional$8billiontoprovideraisesofasmuchas$5,000eachtoteachersinpoordistrictsthathaveadoptedaggressiveplanstoimproveteacherquality,plusasmuchas$10,000eachtoteacherscertifiedbyanationalboard.Gorewouldalsorequirestatestoensurethatallnewteacherspassrigorousassessments.SaysFeistritzer:"Goresproposalmightbealittleexcessiveinthenumberofteachershewantstorecruit,buthisteachertestingisexactlywhatweneed."~~~~~~~~ByRebeccaWintersTime;11/06/2000,Vol.156Issue19,p88,2/3p,1c注(1)：*選自Time;11/06/2000,p88,2/3p,1c注(2)：*習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2005年真題text1第一題(1)，2001年真題text4第2題(2)和第3題(4)，text3第1題(5)和第2題(3)1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.[A]quotingtheTeachoftheYear[B]citinganexample[C]makinganassumption[D]posingacontrast2.AccordingtoEmilyFeistritzer,Bushsplanmight_________.[A]behandicappedbythestates[B]givethestatestoomuchfreedom[C]helpstatesrecruitmoreteachers[D]betooflexible3.Thebasicproblemmanyveteransencounterwhentheyseektheteachingprofessionis_____.[A]theirlackoftrainingandexperience[B]theirbackground[C]thattheydonothavethemakingofateacher[D]thebarriersinthecertificationprocess4.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat__________.[A]GoresplanisbetterthanBushsplan[B]poordistrictswillreceivemorefundingfromGoresplan[C]GoresplanfocusesonthenumberofteacherswhileBushsplanontheaccountability[D]Goresplangivesqualifiedteachergenerouspaycheck5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?[A]ThecompetitionbetweenBushandGore.[B]Twopresidentialcandidatesplansofteachertraining,recruitmentandrewarding.[C]Theincreasingimportanceoftheteachingprofession.[D]ThedifferencesbetweenBushsplanandthatofGores.答案：CADDB篇章剖析：本篇*是說明文，介紹了兩位總統(tǒng)候選人布什和戈?duì)柛髯缘慕處熣心己团嘤?xùn)計(jì)劃。第一段提出了兩位候選人的一個(gè)共同之處：想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師。第二段介紹了布什的新基金計(jì)劃;第三段介紹了布什的“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃;第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕慕處熣心己驮u(píng)估方案。詞匯注釋：candidate:[5kAndidit]n.候選人recruit:[ri5kru:t]v.吸收(新成員);招募accountability:[E7kauntE5biliti]n.有責(zé)任,有義務(wù)bureaucracy:[bjJ5rRkrEsI]n.官僚,官僚作風(fēng),官僚機(jī)構(gòu)certification:[sE:tIfI5keIF(E)n]n.證明，證明書;合格證tap:[tAp]v.開發(fā);利用endorse:[in5dC:s]v.支持，核準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)或給予支持，尤以公開聲明形式;核準(zhǔn)forgiveness:[fE5^IvnIs]n.免除(債務(wù)等)bonus:[5bEunEs]n.紅利;獎(jiǎng)金;額外津貼rigorous:[5ri^ErEs]adj.嚴(yán)格的,嚴(yán)厲的excessive:[ik5sesiv]adj.過多的,過分的難句突破Gorewouldspendanadditional$8billiontoprovideraisesofasmuchas$5,000eachtoteachersinpoordistrictsthathaveadoptedaggressiveplanstoimproveteacherquality,plusasmuchas$10,000eachtoteacherscertifiedbyanationalboard主體句式：Gorewouldspendanadditional$8billion.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，不定式toprovideraises….作整個(gè)句子的目的狀語，其中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾districts，介詞plus引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)伴隨狀語，修飾這個(gè)目的狀語。句子譯文：此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。題目分析：1.答案為C，屬推理判斷題?？梢詮牡谝痪湓抴ouldagree看出。would是一種虛擬用法，表明這是作者的一種假想。2.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，布什的計(jì)劃類似于里根的計(jì)劃，當(dāng)時(shí)錢撥到了各州，但最后都不知去向。EmilyFeistritzer擔(dān)心如果各州可以按照自己認(rèn)為適合的方式動(dòng)用這筆資金的話，這筆錢將不被用于最初的目的。也就是說布什的計(jì)劃會(huì)在州里執(zhí)行不力。3.答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題的答案在文中第三段，退伍老兵Moore說許多本來可成為優(yōu)秀教師的退伍軍人卻因?yàn)閠hebureaucracyofthecertificationprocess而受阻。4.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。這可以從獲得全國(guó)教育委員會(huì)認(rèn)證的教師每人還可以得到1萬美元的提議中看出。5.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。判斷*的主旨。*第一段借用Whirry之口來說明兩位總統(tǒng)候選人都在積極推動(dòng)對(duì)教師的招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策。接著在第二段和第三段介紹了布什的兩個(gè)計(jì)劃，第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃，這些計(jì)劃都與招募，培訓(xùn)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策有關(guān)。所以應(yīng)該是B。參考譯文：?jiǎn)讨蜽布什和阿爾戈?duì)栆苍S會(huì)一致同意這樣一種說法：我們的學(xué)校需要更多像瑪麗蓮?fù)柸鹚惯@樣的老師。在過去35年中，威爾瑞斯一直鼓勵(lì)中學(xué)生深入思考偉大文學(xué)作品的意義并在自己的寫作中運(yùn)用其中的一些創(chuàng)作手法。她是那種學(xué)生幾十年后依舊會(huì)回到她在加州曼哈頓海灘的教室來拜訪她的老師。去年五月，一個(gè)全國(guó)教師組織將她評(píng)為“年度教師”?，F(xiàn)在全國(guó)公立學(xué)校計(jì)劃在未來十年招聘250萬新教師，威爾瑞斯對(duì)于每位總統(tǒng)候選人都想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師的做法感到非常鼓舞?！八麄儍扇硕颊劦搅私處熕刭|(zhì)的問題”，她說?！艾F(xiàn)在正是我們的大好時(shí)機(jī)?！辈际灿?jì)劃把大部分用于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和縮小課堂規(guī)模的現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦基金和一個(gè)用于教師培訓(xùn)和招募的新基金合在一起，再給這比新資金每年追加4億美元。布什允許各州根據(jù)自己認(rèn)為合適的情況支配這筆基金---前提是他們必須建立教師責(zé)任制制度。這與羅納德里根在1980年代所做的類似。不過那時(shí)，教育信息中心主席埃米莉費(fèi)斯特里澤說到：“錢都不知去向?！睂?duì)于布什的的計(jì)劃，她說：“我擔(dān)心資金到了州里會(huì)被挪作他用。”布什打算將用于“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃的資金投入從240萬美元增加到3000萬美元。該計(jì)劃把那些想教書的退伍軍人安置在公立學(xué)校，并任用像阿瑟摩爾這樣的人。阿瑟摩爾在軍中服役21年后于1994年退役。他知道自己想教書?！昂芏嗳吮緛砜梢猿蔀槌錾慕處?，但由于認(rèn)證過程中的官僚主義而受阻。”現(xiàn)年45歲的摩爾說道。他最初在巴爾的摩教四年級(jí)學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)給接受特殊教育的學(xué)生做測(cè)試工作?！败娙水?dāng)教師計(jì)劃可以降低門檻，激發(fā)退役軍人的潛能，是非常好的計(jì)劃?！辈际策€計(jì)劃增加數(shù)學(xué)和理科專業(yè)出身，在貧困學(xué)校教書的退伍軍人的貸款免除額。戈?duì)柕姆桨傅玫搅私處煿?huì)的支持。該方案計(jì)劃在10年內(nèi)斥資80億美元幫助招募100萬新教師，并撥款為大學(xué)提供資助，實(shí)行貸款免除以及發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金。此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。戈?duì)栠€要求各州確保所有的新教師都能通過嚴(yán)格的評(píng)估。費(fèi)斯特里澤說：“戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃招募的教師人數(shù)也許有點(diǎn)多，但他的教師測(cè)試提案正是我們所需要的?！笨佳杏⒄Z教育類閱讀理解及解析：YES,YOURRACESTILLMATTERSAsstudentsprimpandpreentowowtheirfavoritecolleges,theresonecharacteristictheycantcontrol:theirrace.Thatsonereasonvoters,courtsandpoliticiansinsixstateshaveoutlawedracialpreferencesincollegeadmissions,whileothercolleges,fearfuloflawsuits,playdowntheiraffirmative-actioneffortsthesedays.Butmakenomistake:racestillmatters.Howmuchdependsontheschoolandthestate.InTexas,publicuniversitieshavemanagedtocounteracttheeffectofracial-preferencebansbyautomaticallyadmittingthetop10%ofthegraduatingclassofeveryhighschool,includingthoseschoolswheremoststudentsareminorities.ButRiceUniversityinHouston,privateandhighlyselective,hashadtoreinventitsadmissionsstrategiestomaintaintheschoolsminorityenrollment.EachFebruary,80to90black,HispanicandNativeAmericankidsvisitRiceonanexpenses-paidtrip.Riceurgescounselorsfromhighschoolswithlargeminoritypopulationstonominatequalifiedstudents.Andinthefall,Ricesendstworecruitersontheroadtofindminorityapplicants;eachrecruitervisitsabout80predominantlyblackorHispanichighschools.Twoweeksago,RicerecruiterTamaraSilerdroppedinonWestlakeHighinAtlanta,where99%ofthe1,296studentsareblack.Silerwentbearingliteratureandadvice,andthoughonlytwokidsshowedup,shesaid,"ImpleasedIgottwo."Ricehasalsoresortedtosomealmostcomicalend-runsaroundthespiritofthelaw.TheuniversityusedtoawardayearlyscholarshiptoaMexican-Americanstudent;nowitgoestoastudentwhospeaksSpanishreallywell.Admissionsofficersnolongerknowanapplicantsrace.Butanewessayquestionasksabouteachstudents"background"and"culturaltraditions."WhenRiceofficialsreadapplications,theylookfor"diverselifeexperiences"andwhattheyawkwardlycall"overcomestudents,"whohavetriumphedoverhardship.Lastspring,admissionsreaderscameacrossastudentwhoseSATscorewaslowerthan1,200andwhodidnotrankinthetop10%ofherclass.Numericallyspeaking,shelaggedfarbehindmostacceptedapplicants.Butheressayandrecommendationsindicatedastronginterestincivilrightsandpersonalexperiencewithracialdiscrimination.Shewasadmitted."Allthenewspaperssayaffirmativeactionisdone,"saysaveterancounseloratalargeNewYorkCityhighschool."Butnothinghaschanged.Ihavea[minority]kidatYalewithanSATscoreinthehigh900s."WhileminorityadmissionsattheUniversityofCaliforniasystemoverallhavedippedonlyslightlysinceabanonaffirmativeactiontookeffectin1998,theyhaveplummetedatthemostselectivecampuses.AtBerkeley,forexample,theclassenteringthisfallincluded608Chicanostudents,vs.1,013in1997.Inresponse,theeliteschoolshavemovedaggressivelytorecruitatminorityhighschools--andeventoimprovetheperformanceofstudentswhoaregraduatingfromthem.ThisyeartheU.C.systemwillspend$250milliononoutreach,frominstallingtutorsatlow-incomeschoolstoinvitinghighschoolteacherstosummercalculusseminars.ByAmandaRipleyReportedbyFloraTartakovskyandDavidNordanTime;10/23/2000,Vol.156Issue17,p77,2/3p,1c注(1)：*選自Time;10/23/2000,p77;注(2)：*習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題text2和2002年真題text2第2題(5)1.Affirmativeactionissomething___________.[A]thatguaranteesstudentsofdifferentracestobeadmittedequally[B]Americancitizensfightagainstbecauseitdiscriminatesminoritystudents[C]collegestaketogivepreferencetominoritystudentsincollegeadmission[D]favoredbyAmericancollegesyetunpopularwithAmericanpublic2.RiceUniversitysenttworecruiterstofindminorityapplicantsbecause_________.[A]Ricewantedtomaintainminorityenrollment[B]minoritystudentshavebetterschoolperformance[C]Ricehasalargeminoritypopulation[D]Riceisfamousforadmittingminoritystudents3.ThewritermentionedRicessomecomicend-runsaroundthespiritofthelawtoshowthat_____________.[A]Riceabidesbythelawstrictly[B]Ricedealswithstudentsinacomicway[C]Riceprefersminoritystudents[D]Ricehasitsownwaysofdealingwiththelaw4.Itseemsthatminoritystudents_________.[A]arestillbenefitingfromaffirmativeaction[B]havelowerSATscores[C]areoftenadmittedbyuniversitiesbecausetheyhaveuniqueracialexperience[D]lagfarbehindthanotherstudentsinschoolperformance5.Theword“plummeted”(Line2,Paragraph5)mostprobablymeans_________.[A]doubled[B]risen[C]stayedthesame[D]decreased答案：CADAD篇章剖析*是一篇說明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個(gè)例子說明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績(jī)不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。詞匯注釋：primp:[primp]v.梳理(頭發(fā))，打扮preen:[pri:n]v.把(自己)打扮漂亮wow:[wau]v.激起熱烈贊揚(yáng),使驚嘆,使佩服affirmative-action:平權(quán)措施counteract:[7kauntE5rAkt]v.抵抗;抵制;消除，抵消enrollment:[in5rEulmEnt]n.登記,注冊(cè),入學(xué)counselor:[5kaunsElE]n.顧問nominate:[5nCmineit]v.提名,推薦predominantly:[pri5dCminEntli]adv.主要地，占優(yōu)勢(shì)地Hispanic:[his5pAnik]adj.西班牙的literature:[5litEritFE]n.印刷品resort:[ri5zC:t]v.求助,訴諸,采取(某種手段等)end-run:迂回diverse:[dai5vE:s]adj.不同的,變化多的SAT:學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)指代(美國(guó))學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)試的一種標(biāo)志numerically:[nju(:)5merikEli]adv.用數(shù)字,在數(shù)字上recommendation:[7rekEmen5deiFEn]n.推薦信discrimination:[dis7krimi5neiFEn]n.歧視veteran:[5vetErEn]n.老手,富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人dip:[dip]v.(短時(shí)間)降下一點(diǎn)，降低一些plummet:[5plQmit]v.驟降，爆跌突然和大幅度地降低Chicano:[tFi:`kB:nEJ]adj.美n.奇卡諾人(指墨西哥裔美國(guó)人或在美國(guó)的講西班牙語的拉丁美洲人后裔)outreach:[aut5ri:tF]n.擴(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目;有系統(tǒng)地嘗試向一團(tuán)體的特別部門提供超常規(guī)的服務(wù)calculus:[5kAlkjulEs]n.微積分學(xué)seminar:[5seminB:]n.研究會(huì),討論發(fā)表會(huì)難句突破:Thatsonereasonvoters,courtsandpoliticiansinsixstateshaveoutlawedracialpreferencesincollegeadmissions,whileothercolleges,fearfuloflawsuits,playdowntheiraffirmative-actioneffortsthesedays.主體句式Thatsonereason…結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，reason后面的成分是一個(gè)同位語從句，在這個(gè)從句里又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，表示對(duì)照。文中比較難的語言表達(dá)是playdown和affirmative-action?！皃laydown”的意思是“降低，減少”，而“affirmativeaction”指的是美國(guó)大學(xué)為了保證少數(shù)族裔的受教育機(jī)會(huì)而采取的照顧政策，稱為“平權(quán)措施”。句子譯文：正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)法案方面的努力。題目分析：1.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的上下文，美國(guó)六個(gè)州制定法律，規(guī)定“racialpreferencesincollegeadmissions”為非法，繼而說美國(guó)的學(xué)校為了免于訴訟就減少了“affirmationaction”的努力，可見“affirmationaction”應(yīng)該是指在大學(xué)入學(xué)方面給與少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的照顧政策。2.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第四行講述了RiceUniversity不得不重新制定策略“tomaintaintheschoolsminorityenrollment”，下面派招生員到各處招收少數(shù)族裔申請(qǐng)者則是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的的一個(gè)方式?？梢姶鸢甘茿。3.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。*第二段提到RiceUniversity為了應(yīng)對(duì)新法律不得不重新制定策略來保證學(xué)校少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生入學(xué)。接著在第三段中舉了三個(gè)根法律玩擦邊球的例子：把原來給墨西哥裔學(xué)生的年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金變成給西班牙語流利的學(xué)生(墨西哥裔學(xué)生的母語多位西班牙語);雖然不知道申請(qǐng)人的種族，但申請(qǐng)者要回答的論文問題卻是“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”，而且招生人員看重的是“不同的體驗(yàn)”和“克服困難”的學(xué)生(少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生通過回答這些問題就可以輕易地讓招生人員把他們挑出來)。可見Rice大學(xué)自有一套對(duì)付法律的辦法。4.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第四段舉了兩個(gè)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績(jī)不高但依然被錄取的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的例子，接著引用一位中學(xué)顧問的話：“所有的報(bào)紙都說平權(quán)措施(affirmativeaction)要過時(shí)了，但一切都是老樣子?！眮碚f明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生依然從平權(quán)措施中受益。5.答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個(gè)詞的意思可以從下文中給出的例子猜測(cè)出來。文中說：以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人?？梢娚贁?shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)是大幅下降了。參考譯文：當(dāng)學(xué)生們?yōu)榱私o自己喜愛的學(xué)校留下好印象而打扮修飾的時(shí)候，有一點(diǎn)卻是他們無法控制的：那就是他們的種族身份。正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)措施方面的努力。但別弄錯(cuò)了：種族身份仍然很重要。到底有多重要?jiǎng)t因?qū)W校和州而異。在德克薩斯州，公立大學(xué)通過自動(dòng)錄取各個(gè)中學(xué)畢業(yè)班成績(jī)?cè)谇?0%的學(xué)生，包括那些以少數(shù)族裔為主的學(xué)校的學(xué)生來抵消禁止照顧某些種族所產(chǎn)生的影響。但休斯敦的私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的挑選比較嚴(yán)格，因而不得不重新制定其招生方針以保持學(xué)校少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的入學(xué)情況。每年二月，80到90名黑人，西班牙裔和印第安人兒童會(huì)免費(fèi)參觀萊斯。萊斯鼓勵(lì)少數(shù)民族學(xué)生較多的中學(xué)的顧問提名合格的學(xué)生。今年秋季，萊斯還派了兩名招生員到外地尋找少數(shù)族裔的申請(qǐng)人;每一名招生員走訪了將近80所以黑人和西班牙裔學(xué)生為主的中學(xué)。兩星期前，萊斯的招生員塔瑪拉塞勒順便走訪了亞特蘭大市的西湖中學(xué)，該校1296名學(xué)生中99%都是黑人。塞勒帶著印刷品和建議去到那所學(xué)校，雖然只有兩個(gè)孩子露面，她仍然說：“我很高興我招到了兩個(gè)”萊斯大學(xué)還采取了一些可笑的迂回手段來應(yīng)對(duì)這條法律。這所大學(xué)以前每年都會(huì)給一位墨西哥裔美國(guó)學(xué)生授予年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;現(xiàn)在的要求則是能夠說一口流利的西班牙語。招生官員再也無從知道申請(qǐng)人的種族身份。但一個(gè)新的考試題目問及每個(gè)學(xué)生的“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”。當(dāng)萊斯的官員閱讀申請(qǐng)書的時(shí)候，他們尋找的是“不同的生活體驗(yàn)”以及被他們笨拙地稱為“克困學(xué)生”的那些成功克服困難的學(xué)生。去年春天，閱讀招生信息的讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)學(xué)生的SAT(學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn))成績(jī)低于1200分，而且她也不在班里的前10%之列。如果按排序的話，她比大部分已經(jīng)被接受的申請(qǐng)人的成績(jī)要差很多。但她的論文和推薦信表明她對(duì)于民權(quán)有著濃厚的興趣，而且還親身經(jīng)歷過種族歧視。最后她被錄取了?！八械膱?bào)紙都說平權(quán)措施要過時(shí)了，”來自一所規(guī)模較大的紐約市中學(xué)的一位資深顧問說道?！暗磺卸际抢蠘幼印Ｎ抑酪粋€(gè)[少數(shù)族裔]學(xué)生上了耶魯，SAT成績(jī)也就900多分。”自從1998年開始禁止平權(quán)措施以來，加利福尼亞大學(xué)少數(shù)族裔的整體錄取情況只是略有下降，盡管如此，他們?cè)谔蕴矢叩男^(qū)卻下降較多。以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一情況，那些主力學(xué)院都開始積極在少數(shù)民族中學(xué)招生---甚至還積極幫助那些從這類學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。今年加利福尼亞大學(xué)將會(huì)花2.5億美元系統(tǒng)地?cái)U(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，從在低收入學(xué)校安排指導(dǎo)教師到邀請(qǐng)中學(xué)老師參加夏季微積分研討會(huì)等不一而足?？佳杏⒄Z教育類閱讀理解及解析：ALAPTOPFOREVERYKIDMoreschoolsareconvincedtheyreworththecostCarmenAraceMiddleSchoolissituatedinthepastoraltownofBloomfield,Conn.,butfouryearsagoitfacedmanyofthesamechallengesasinner-cityschoolsinnearbyHartford:lowscoresonstandardizedtests,droppingenrollmentandhighratesofdetention.Thentheschoolshard-drivingprincipal,DeloresBolton,persuadedherboardtoshakeuptheplacebybuyingalaptopcomputerforeachstudentandteachertouse,inschoolandathome.Forgoodmeasure,theboardprovidedwirelessInternetaccessatschool.Totalcost:$2.5million.Now,anhourbeforeclassesstart,everyseatinthelibraryistakenbystudentseagertogetonline.Fifth-gradeteacherJenFridaytalksaboutsedimentaryrocksasstudentsviewthematacolorfulwebsite.Afterschool,studentsonbusespulllaptopsfrombackpackstogetstartedonhomework.Sincethecomputersarrived,enrollmentisup20%.Disciplinarysuspensionsaredown80%.Scoresonstateachievementtestsareup35%.Bolton,whoisblack,isproudtorun"aschoolwith90%blackenrollmentthatisonthecuttingedge."Indeed,schoolsystemsinruralMaineandNewYorkCityareeagertofollowAraceMiddleSchoolsexample.GovernorAngusKinghasproposedusing$50millionfromanunexpectedbudgetsurplustobuyalaptopforallofMaines17,000seventh-graders--andfornewseventh-graderseachfall.Thefundswouldcreateapermanentendowmentwhoseinterestwouldhelpbuythecomputers.Theplan,scaledbackto$30millioninacompromisewiththelegislature,isscheduledtobevotedonthisweek.Inthesamespirit,theNewYorkCityboardofeducationvotedunanimouslyonApril12tocreateaschoolInternetportal,whichwouldmakemoneybysellingadsandlicensinge-commercesites.Theportalwillalsoprovidee-mailserviceforthecitys1.1millionpublicschoolstudents.Profitswillbeusedtobuylaptopsforeachoftheschoolsystems87,000fourth-graders.Withinnineyears,allstudentsingrades4andhigherwillhavetheirowncomputers.BackinBloomfield,theschoolboardisseekingfederalgrantmoneytoexpanditslaptopprogramtohighschoolstudents.Inthemeantime,mostofthekinkshavebeenworkedout.Somestudentswereusingtheircomputerstogoofofforvisitunauthorizedwebsites.ButteachershavetheabilitytotrackwherestudentshavebeenontheWebandtorestrictthem."Thatistheworstwhentheydisableyou,"sayseighth-gradehonorsstudentJamieBassell."Yougothroughlaptopwithdrawal."Thehabitisrubbingoffonparents."Itaughtmymomtousee-mail,"saysanothereighth-grader,KatherineHypolite."Andnowshestakingcomputerclasses.Imsoproudofher!"~~~~~~~~ByEllinMartens,BloomfieldTime;05/01/2000,Vol.155Issue18,p57,2/3p,2c注(1)：*選自Time;05/01/2000,p57;注(2)：*習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1994年真題text4(1，2，3，4題)和text3第4題(第5題);1.TheexampleofCarmenAraceMiddleSchoolinthetextisusedto___________.[A]showthechallengesschoolsarefacedwithtoday[B]provethataschoolwithhighblackenrollmentcandowell[C]emphasizetheimportanceofcomputersandtheInternetinmoderneducation[D]indicatethatlaptopscanhelpimprovestudentsschoolperformance2.Accordingtotheauthor,studentsinNewYorkCityspublicschoolswill___________.[A]allhavetheirownlaptopswithinnineyears[B]becomemoreinterestedintheirclassactivitieswiththeapplicationoflaptop[C]spendmoretimevisitingunauthorizedwebsiteswiththeexpansionofthelaptopprogram[D]enjoye-mailserviceprovidedbythecitysschoolsysteminthenearfuture.3.Byintroducingthelaptopprogram,DeloreBoltonhas______________.[A]shakenthebeliefsofbothteachersandstudents[B]witnessedaremarkableimprovementinenrollmentandstudentstestscores[C]foundherselffollowersalloverthecountry[D]revolutionizedclass-roomteachinginpublicschools4.Theword“kink”(line2,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans______________.[A]plan[B]method[C]problem[D]process5.Fromthepassagewelearnthat__________________.[A]thelaptopprogramalsohasapositiveinfluenceonparents[B]thelaptopprograminpublicschoolsissponsoredmainlybyendowment[C]aschoolInternetportalisthekeytoalaptopprogram[D]studentsgenerallyliketheideaofhavingtheironlineactivitiestrackedDDBCA篇章剖析：本篇*是一篇說明文，介紹了美國(guó)的一些學(xué)校給學(xué)校師生配置筆記本電腦，引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的情況。*一開始就引用卡曼阿雷斯中學(xué)在引入筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)之后發(fā)生的積極變化，以此說明這種做法值得嘗試。接下來在第三段和第四段介紹了緬因州和紐約市的類似做法。最后一段介紹了教師如何確保學(xué)生將這一資源用于學(xué)習(xí)，以及這一舉措的衍生價(jià)值：對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。詞匯注釋：detention:[di5tenFEn]n.阻止,滯留laptop:[5lAptCp]n.便攜式電腦sedimentary:[sedI5mentErI]adj.沉淀性的;沖積成的backpack:[5bAkpAk]n.背包，背囊disciplinary:[5disiplinEri]adj.紀(jì)律的，執(zhí)行紀(jì)律的suspension:[sEs5penFEn]n.暫停,中止surplus:[5sE:plEs]n.盈余;余款endowment:[in5daumEnt]n.資助，捐贈(zèng)scale:[skeil]v.(與up,down連用)按比