2022春季14-上海高一英語教案-完型填空（學(xué)生版）

第十四講

完型填空

知識框架

通覽

解題步驟a試填

攵核

依據(jù)首旬線索,緊Uij題選擇

完型填空?仔細(xì)推敲，注意邏軾關(guān)系和過渡詞

注意固定搭配，常用甸型

解題技巧e掛鯉些則的辨析

■根據(jù)生活常識以及文化背景確定選項

利用領(lǐng)&現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)，選擇最佳選項

仔細(xì)分析長難句

知識梳理

主要考察動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞。偶爾有過渡詞、介詞短語、連詞。體裁上以議論文

和說明文為主。

一、解題步驟

1、通覽——速讀全文，把握大意

2

快速閱讀一下全文，通過通覽全文領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)

構(gòu)層次、情節(jié)、寫作風(fēng)格等等。

2、試填——緊扣文意，瞻前顧后

先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下

文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識等多個角度進(jìn)行綜合考慮。

3、復(fù)核全面檢查，確保語意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確

試填后，要把全文再通讀一遍，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、

前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。

二、解題技巧

1、依據(jù)首句線索，緊扣主題選擇。首句通常是文章的主題句，通常不設(shè)空，便于考生

對短文主題、內(nèi)容或背景有個大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時間、地點、人物、事件、

論點等有用的信息。把握了主題句，對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。

Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheir

meaning,youwouldnotdetectinterestinromanceamongtheartists.—51—,youwouldsee

plentyofanimalswithpeoplerunningafterthem.Lifeforancientpeopleseemedtocenteron

huntingandgatheringwildfoodsformeals.

51.A.InsteadB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Otherwise

2、仔細(xì)推敲，注意邏輯關(guān)系和過渡詞。做題時，要充分利用上下文，找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)

系。?？歼壿嬯P(guān)系有：并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、對比、因果、讓步、例證等。分為以下5種關(guān)

系：

①對立關(guān)系

包括讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見的標(biāo)志詞和短語：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,by

contrast,unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,

insteadof,ratherthan,not...but等。

②因果關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,

such...that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccount

of,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。

③并列關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：and,or,neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso,likewise,

similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as等。

④總分關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,

totakeanexample,morespecifically等。

⑤遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,

whatismore,whafsworse,evenworse等。

Manypeoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustthe_51—one.Listening

wellisanactiveexerciseofourattentionandhardwork.

51.A.positiveB.oppositeC.sameD.wrong

3、注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞

3

與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。

A—60—ofpeoplenowbelieve-incorrectly-thatglobalwarmingisnotevencausedby

humans.

60.A.mixtureB.majorityC.quantityD.crowd

4、注意同形詞的辨析。

Digitalfingerprinting,fluctuations（波動）inthedollarexchangerate,andamassofonline

informationaresomeofthewaysmakingtraveltotheUnitedNationsin2010adifferent_51—

forinternationalvisitorsthanitwasearlierinthe21stcentury.

51.A.experimentB.examinationC.experienceD.excursion

5、根據(jù)生活常識以及文化背景確定選項。

EFLteachersoftencomplainthatstudents,despiteyearsofstudyingEnglish,simplywillnot

speakit.They'retoo_63_makingmistakesofthegrammarormispronouncingwordsinaway

thatwould_64—them.

63.A.confidentinB.comfortablewithC.keenonD.afraidof

64.A.amuseB.informC.remindD.embarrass

6、利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)，選擇最佳選項。

在完型填空中，某一詞語通常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成

一個完整的意義整體。同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中。

名詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個名詞。如：school—primary

school-middleschool-college-universitystudents-pupils-graduates

動詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個動詞。如：school-teach—

learn-attend-found-dropoutgraduate-bedismissed

形容詞同現(xiàn)；就某一語境而言所能出現(xiàn)的形容詞也是有規(guī)律的。如：keyschool-optional

course~~compulsorycourse

The_60_Knows

........Smell,however,doesseemtoplayapartinhumanattraction.

60.A.NoseB.EyeC.HeartD.Hand

7、仔細(xì)分析長難句。找出句子主干，主從句，定語狀語等。

Intoday'sAmericansociety,highschooldropouthasdaybydaygrownintoabigproblem

threateningsocialandeconomicstability,asmanycasesoffamily_51—oreventragedies,

causedbyyouthdropoutaregrabbingheadlinesinmedia.

51.A.objectionsB.conflictsC.establishmentsD.happiness

分析：第一層是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，主句是schooldropouthasgrownintoabig

problem.后面緊跟現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。as從句中caused過去分詞作后置定語。在進(jìn)行句子

分析時，一定注意把定語等找出來。

例題講解

例1.完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

4

Anexperimentshowsthatatypeofhumanbehaviorisconformity,whichmaybedefinedas

awillingnesstoadoptthesamebehaviorandattitudesasthoseseeninotherpeople.【首段點明

論題并解釋】

Inordertoexperienceasenseofbelongingstoaparticulargroup,anindividualmay

willingly___41___【要找到歸屬感必然要采納或接受群體的價值觀和行為，選adopt}the

group'svaluesandbehavior.Often,however,anindividualwillconformtothebehaviorofthose

aroundhimevenwhentheyaretotal___42__.【從上文的兩個提示詞推斷唧使是周圍的人是

完全陌生不認(rèn)識時，個體依然隨從他們的行為“，選］Itseemsthatmanyhuman

beingsdon'tliketo___43___【既然對群體保持認(rèn)同，就不喜歡在群體中脫穎而出，選

outlinacrowdorseemtobedifferentfromthosearoundthem,andtheyhaveastrong___44___

toconformtothebehaviorofotherpeoplesimplytoavoidmakingthemselves___45___.【從文

章的論點得出，人們有很強(qiáng)烈的愿望與其他人的行為保持一致，只是為了不讓自己引人注意。

因止匕44題選desire；45題選noticeableoiPeoplewillalsoavoidbecoming___46___asituation

iftheycanshrugofftheirresponsibilityby___47___thatsomeoneelsewilldosomething.【有的

人與群體保持一致是為了推卸責(zé)任，認(rèn)為其他人會做的事情，自己就避免深陷其中。因此

46是involvedin；47assuming!Whenanapparentmurdertookplaceoutsideablockofflatsin

NewYork,residentsmusthave___48___orseensomething,yettherewasno___49___tothe

policeandnoonecameouttohelporinvestigate.【舉例說明，在紐約的一個街區(qū)發(fā)生兇殺案的

時候，當(dāng)?shù)氐木用窨隙吹交蚵牭揭恍┦虑?，但是沒有人報警或協(xié)助調(diào)查。48.成〃4；49.calll

Another___50___【從下文得知，作者通過一個實驗繼續(xù)舉例論證，選experiment】

showedthatsomepeoplewillchangetheiropinioninordertoconformtothemajority___51___.

【從上文的線索得知，是為了迎合大多數(shù)人的觀點，概念自己的觀點。選直ew】Agroupof

peoplewereshownapictureofaseriesoflinesandaskedtochoosethosewhichweremost

—52—inlength.【選出在長度上相同的線，選〃跟e“相同的，相像的"。JAll—53—

【所有的人除了其中的一個提前被告知說出一個錯誤的答案，選except】oneofthepeoplein

thegrouphadbeeninformed___54___僅"事先;以前togiveawronganswer.Theone

whohadnotbeeninformedinadvancedidnotknowthisandatfirstgavethecorrectanswer.But.

whenheheardtheothers,hechangedhismindandagreedto___55___【改變自己的觀點，接受

別人是對的，選accept】thattheotherswereright.

41.A.rejectB.adoptC.adaptD.adjust

42.A.strangersB.friendsC.opponentsD.neighbors

43.A.putupB.rushoutC.escapefromD.standout

44.A.instinctB.dreamC.desireD.goal

45.A.confusedB.unexpectedC.desirableD.noticeable

46.A.involvedinB.takenoutC.isolatedfromD.ignorantof

47.A.estimatingB.assumingC.planningD.assuring

48.A.investigatedB.indicatedC.heardD.confirmed

49.A.complaintB.hintC.commentD.call

50.A.experimentB.factorC.proposalD.description

51.A.viewB.trustC.argumentD.agreement

52.A.apartB.sameC.likelyD.alike

53.A.exceptB.besidesC.includingD.considering

54.A.definitelyB.previouslyC.doubtfullyD.clearly

55.A.referB.declineC.acceptD.suppose

【難度】★★★

5

針對訓(xùn)練

[PP11

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.[2020上師大附中月

考】

Theancientartofoperacanbebrilliantentertainment;itisa(n)(21)ofmusic,drama,

andsometimesdance,stagedwithelabo丫ate(精心制作的)setsofcostumes.Operaisoften

(22)bymany,however,partlybecauseofsomeofthestereotypes(成見)associatedwithit.

Someofitscriticssaythatthenarrativesaretoocomplex.Otherscomplainthatoperascannotbe

understoodbecausetheyareoftenperformedin(23)languages.Stereotypesaside,opera

isanartformenjoyedbymany(24)lovers.Operascanbecomediesortragediesor

storiestakenfromhistory.

Thestoryofanoperaisgenerallysimplesoastoavoid(25)theaudiencefromthe

music.Thelibretto,orscript,setseachsceneanddescribestheactioninbothwordsandstage

directions.Themusicofanopera-thewayitadvancestheactionandthefeelingsitinspiresin

thelisteners-is(26)important.Thethreeprincipalmusical(27)arethe

overture(前奏曲),therecitative(朗誦調(diào)),andthearia(詠嘆調(diào)).

Theovertureistheinstrumentalintroductiontotheopera,thepurposeofwhichhasbeen

(28)overtime.Duringthenineteenthcentury,theoverturebegantocombinesnippetsof

melodiesfromarias,ballets,andothermusicalelementsinamedleyoftheopera?smusical

themes.

Arecitativeislessasongthanamonologue(獨白)thatissungratherthan(29).A

recitativeisanelement,olderthantheoverture,whichwasinventedatthebeginningofthe

seventeenthcenturyasameansoftelling(30)inmusic;thefirstoperaswereactuallya

seriesofrecitativesjoinedbymusicalinterludes.Becauseanoperaisbasicallyaplaysettomusic,

therecitativeisameansoftellingthe(31)whatisgoingonandwhatisabouttohappen.

Anariaisasoloperformance-oftenoneofthehighlightsoftheopera.Ariascanbe

declarationsofloveor(32)ofhope,happiness,sorrow,oranguish.Manycomposershave

writtenariasto(33)thevocalgiftsofsingers;somesopyanos(女高音歌手)wereindeed

famousfortheveryhighnotesthattheycouldsing.(34),ariasarenottheonlysongsin

opera.Duets,compositionsforthreeorfourvoices,andlarge-groupnumbersarealsocommon.

Thesediversemusicalelements,(35)visualelementsincostumesandsetsaswellasthe

dramaticcontentofthestory,maketheoperathecomplexartformthatitis.

21.A.explorationB.mixtureC.researchD.experiment

22.A.unappreciatedB.composedC.enjoyedD.favored

23.A.localB.nativeC.foreignD.official

24.A.gossipB.historyC.movieD.music

25.A.releasingB.separatingC.distractingD.disappointing

26.A.particularlyB.rarelyC.originallyD.historically

27.A.tastesB.elementsC.skillsD.talents

28.A.statedB.describedC.lackedD.evolved

29.A.imaginedB.remindedC.spokenD.written

30.A.storiesB.newsC.jokesD.lies

6

31.A.musiciansB.audienceC.directorsD.performers

32.A.rightsB.reasonsC.expressionsD.expenses

33.A.improveB.showC.involveD.practise

34.A.MoreoverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However

35.A.brokenintoB.appliedtoC.combinedwithD.matchedwith

【難度】★★★

能力提升

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.[2020行知期中】

Yes,YourDogDoesUnderstandYou!

Mostdogownersareconvincedthattheirfour-leggedfriendsknowexactlywhattheymean

whentheyusecertainwordslikesit,stay,ortreat.However,researchershavealwayswondered

whetherdogsreallyunderstandhumanspeechoriftheyrelyonother(41)toinferthe

meaning.AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat"man's

bestfriend^^isnot(42)it-he/shedoesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.

“Manydogownersthinkthattheirdogsknowwhatsomewordsmean,buttherereallyisn't

muchscientific(43)tosupportthat.Wewantedtogetdatafromthedogsthemselves

——notjustownerreports,9,saidAshleyPrichard,aPh.D.atEmory'sDepartmentofPsychology

andthestudy9sfirstauthor.

Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvarious(44)to

traintheirpetstoidentifytwotoyswithdifferenttextures—suchasastuffedanimalandaball

一byname.Oncethedogshad(45)thetask,theytookturnsinsideafunctional

magneticresonanceimagingscanner(fMRI).Theownersthentestedtheirdogsbyfirstcallingout

thenamesofthetoystheyhadbeentrainedtorecognizeandthensayingmeaninglesswordssuch

as“bobbu”and“bodmick“whileholdingup(46)objectsthedogshadn'tseen

before.

ThefMRIscansrevealedthattheregionsofthedogs'brains(47)

forauditoryprocessingshoweddifferentbrainpatternswhentheyheardwordstheywerefamiliar

with,comparedwiththeonestheyhadneverencounteredbefore.(48)notenoughto

provethatthedogswerepicturingtheirtoyswhentheyheardtheword,itdidindicatesomesort

of(49).Theresearchersbelievethisisanimportantstepforwardinunderstanding

howdogs(50)language.

Evenmoreinterestingwasthatthedog'sbrainsshowedahigherlevelofneuralactivityatthe

soundofunknownwords.Thisistheexact(51)ofwhathappensinhumanbrains,

whichgetmoreactiveatthesoundoffamiliarwords.Theresearchershypothesizethedogsmay

(52)thesoundofnewwordstotrytounderstandtheminthehopesofdelighting

theirmasters.t6Dogsultimatelywantto(53)theirowners,andperhapsalsoreceive

praiseorfdod,“saysEmoryGregoryBurns,seniorauthorofthestudy.

However,thoughyourpetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusing

(54)andscentcuesfortraining.<4Whenpeoplewanttoteachtheirdogatrick,they

7

oftenuseaverbalcommandbecausethat'swhatwehumansprefer,Prichardsays."Fromthe

dog's(55),however,avisualcommandmightbemoreeffective,helpingthedog

learnthetrickfaster.

41.A.cluesB.wordsC.behaviorsD.toys

42.A.playingB.fakingC.imitatingD.holding

43.A.informationB.evidencec.experienceD.advice

44.A.gendersB.sizesc.coloursD.breeds

45.A.masteredB.learnedc.triedD.quit

46.A.specificB.randomc.particularD.strange

47.A.fitB.responsiblec.readyD.common

48.A.ThereforeB.Yetc.WhileD.But

49.A.recognitionB.potentialc.discoveryD.recall

50.A.masterB.acquirec.learnD.process

51.A.certainB.oppositec.criticalD.equal

52.A.rebelagainstB.feeldownwithc.brightenupatD.puzzleover

53.A.pleaseB.surprisec.annoyD.approach

54.A.verbalB.visualc.audioD.lingual

55.A.partB.memoryc.appearanceD.perspective

【難度】★★★

二、翻譯

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

【2020行知期末】

1.如果樂隊達(dá)到了他的要求，指揮會喜極而泣。(weep)

2.對觀眾來說，完全沒必要擔(dān)心他們最愛的明星。(there)

3.頭條的重要性不言而喻，但還是要更加重視報紙的內(nèi)容。(emphasis)

4.只要在午夜前訂閱，作為額外獎勵，你將獲得一份含有世界主要景點的地圖冊。(where)

【難度】★★★★

8

鞏固精進(jìn)

一、完型填空

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.【2019新中期中】

Howimportantisadegreeforacareer?Doyouneedadegreeinordertofulfillyourdreams?

Therearesomecareersforwhichformaltrainingandadegreeisa(n)___41___must.Would

youbewillingtoseeadoctorwhohadn't___42___themechanicsofthehumanbody?How

about___43___anarchitecttobuildyourhousewhohadneverseenafloorplanbefore?Ididn't

thinkso.Soifyouwanttobecomeadoctor,andarchitect,anaccountant,anengineer,adentistor

anyofthosejobsforwhich___44___skillsareneeded,thentheanswertothequestionaboveis

straightforward.It'sveryimportant!Butformostpeople,___45___aspirations(抱負(fù))arevague

andmanyofusdoadegreeinasubjectwearegoodatinthehopethatallwillbecome___46___.

Auniversitydegreecanmakeyou___47___.Today,thejobmarketis___48___.Thereare

lotsofpeoplecompetingforthejobs___49___andhowisanemployertochoose?Ifyouhavea

universitydegreeandhavespenttimelearningandeducatingyourself,thisisattractivetoa

potential___50___.Furthermore,___51___enrichingactivities(particularlybeinginvolvedina

team)whileatuniversitycanshowthatyouareateamplayer,whichcanbeveryimportantinthe

worldofwork.

Duringyouruniversitydegreeyouwilllearnmuchmorethansimplefacts.Youwilllearn

aboutyourself,itcan___52___youforsituationsinyourfuturethatcould___53___be

discouraging.Youwillneedtolearntoworkandlivewithothers,youwillhaveaccesstoworld

expertsandbegiventhe___54___todevelopspecialskillsandqualitiesyoumightneverhave

knownyouhad!Ifsanopportunityforgreatpersonal__55___butitalsoteachesyoudiscipline.

41.A.relativeB.variousC.secondaryD.absolute

42.A.learntB.taughtC.managedD.suffered

43.A.dismissingB.practicingC.employingD.persuading

44.A.highly-paidB.highly-specializedC.highly-regardedD.highly-organized

45.A.strongB.politicalC.commonD.professional

46.A.clearB.vagueC.efficientD.convenient

47.A.giveoutB.bringoutC.standoutD.wearout

48.A.necessaryB.toughC.inspiringD.enormous

49.A.accessibleB.advisableC.sensibleD.available

50.A.competitorB.colleagueC.employerD.advisor

51.A.engaginginB.droppinginC.lookingintoD.runninginto

52.A.allowB.prepareC.provideD.mistake

53.A.furthermoreB.henceC.otherwiseD.therefore

54.A.circumstanceB.situationC.presentationD.method

55.A.talentB.careerC.dreamD.growth

【難度】★★★★

二、H—選十

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonly

beusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.[2020封浜期末】

A.fightingB.immediatelyC.amazedD.resultsE.annoyed

F.figuringG.admireH.rarelyI.fearsJ.valuedK.connected