高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)-名詞

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)一、名詞Nouns一、名詞的種類：

1、專有名詞

1）China,

Japan,

Beijing,

London,

Tom,

Jack（不加冠詞）

2）the

Great

Wall,

the

Yellow

River,

the

People’s

Republic

of

China,

the

United

States等。（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。）

2、普通名詞

物質(zhì)名詞：water,rice,oil,paper......1）不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞：health,trouble,work,pleasure,honor......注：不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。

如：have

a

wonderful

time.

makeagreatprogress.不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

不可數(shù)名詞一般無復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：fishes,

newspapers,

waters,

snows......

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各種各樣的魚

各種報(bào)紙

河湖、海水大片水域

積雪

有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時(shí)代，works著作，difficulties在表數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“of”詞組來表示。如：

a

glass

of

milk,

a

cup

of

tea,

two

pieces

of

paper......2）可數(shù)名詞：

可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A

birdcanfly.

The

frog

is

a

kind

of

hibernating

animal.

Vegetables

sold

at

this

shop

are

usually

fresh.

有復(fù)數(shù)形式：

a）規(guī)則變化——加“s”或“es”（略）

b）不規(guī)則變化——child

(children),

foot

(feet),

tooth

(teeth),

man

(men),

woman

(women),

mouse

(mice),

goose

(geese),

Englishman

(Englishmen),phenomenon(phenomena)；

注：c）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep,

deer,

Chinese,

Japanese,

fish（同一種魚）......。如，

a

sheep,

two

sheep

d）只用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

thanks,

trousers,

goods,

clothes,

socks,

shoes......

e）形復(fù)實(shí)單：physics,

politics,

maths,

news,

plastics（塑料），means.

f）形單實(shí)復(fù)：people

(人民，人們；表民族時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)+s），the

police,

cattle等

g）集合名詞：family,

public,

group,

class等。作為整體時(shí)，為單數(shù)；作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。如：My

family

is

a

big

one.

My

family

are

music

lovers.

h）合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):a.只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：

sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son

(s)繼子；editor

(s)

-in-chief總編輯。

b.沒有主體名詞在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人

c.woman,

man作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a

man

servant—men

servants,

a

womandoctor—women

doctors

二、名詞的所有格

表有生命的東西（人或動(dòng)物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“’s”。如：Mike’s

bag,

Children’s

Day,

my

brother’s

room,

women’s

rights。

注：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“’”。如：Teachers’

Day,

the

workers’

rest-home（工人療養(yǎng)院），the

students’

reading-room

復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“’s”。如：her

son-in-law’s

photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody

else’sbook（其他任何人的書）

如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s”;

如果不是共有，則每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s”。如：Jane

and

Helen’s

room.

珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）.

Bill’s

and

Tom’s

radios.

比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的

收音機(jī)（不共有）

表地點(diǎn)（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：

the

tailor’s

(裁縫鋪)

the

doctor’s

(診所)

Mr

Brown’s

(布朗先生的家)

有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞，也可加“’s”表所有格。如：half

an

hour’s

walk

(半小時(shí)的路程)

China’s

agriculture

(中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))

表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the

cover

of

the

book

表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長(zhǎng)，有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：

the

story

of

Dr

Norman

Bethune

Do

you

know

the

name

of

the

boy

standing

at

the

gate?

雙重所有格：“名詞+of+名詞所有格”/名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a,

two,

some,

a

few,

this,

that,

these,those等）時(shí)，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如：

a

friend

of

my

father’s

我父親的一位朋友。

some

students

of

mine.

我的一些學(xué)生。

those

exercise-books

of

the

students’學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：1、There

are

only

twelve

in

the

hospital.

A．woman

doctors

B．women

doctors

C．women

doctor

D．woman

doctor

Mr

Smith

has

two

,

both

of

whom

are

teachers

in

a

school.

A．brothers-in-law

B．brother-in-laws

C．brothers-in-laws

D．brothers-in

law

3、——How

many

does

a

cow

have?

——Four.

A．stomaches

B．stomach

C．stomachs

D．stomachies

4、Some

visited

our

school

last

Wednesday.

A．German

B．Germen

C．Germans

D．Germens5、The

of

the

building

are

covered

with

lots

of

.

A．roofs;

leaves

B．rooves;

leafs

C．roof;

leaf

D．roofs;

leafs

6、When

the

farmer

returned

home

he

found

three

missing.

A．sheeps

B．sheepes

C．sheep

D．sheepies

7、That

was

a

fifty

engine.

A．horse

power

B．horses

power

C．horse

powers

D．horses

powers

My

father

often

gives

me

.

A．many

advice

B．much

advice

C．a(chǎn)

lot

of

advices

D．a(chǎn)

few

advice

Mary

broke

a

while

she

was

washing

up.

A．tea

cup

B．a(chǎn)

cup

of

tea

C．tea’s

cup

D．cup

tea

10、Can

you

give

us

some

about

the

writer?

A．informations

B．information

C．piece

of

informations

D．pieces

information

11、I

had

a

cup

of

and

two

pieces

of

this

morning.

A．teas;

bread

B．teas;

breads

C．tea;

breads

D．tea;

bread12、As

is

known

to

us

all,

travels

much

faster

than

.

A．lights;

sounds

B．light;

sound

C．sound;

light

D．sounds;

lights

13、She

told

him

of

all

her

and

.

A．hope;

fear

B．hopes;

fear

C．hopes;

fears

D．hope;

fears

14、The

rising

did

a

lot

of

to

the

crops.

A．water;

harm

B．water;

harms

C．waters;

harm

D．waters;

harms

15、——How

far

away

is

it

from

here

to

your

school?

——It’s

about

.

A．half

an

hour’s

drive

B．half

hours

drives

C．half

an

hour

drives

D．half

an

hour

drive

16、The

shirt

isn’t

mine.It’s

.

A．Mrs

Smith

B．Mrs’

Smith

C．Mrs

Smiths’

D．Mrs

Smith’s

17、Miss

Johnson

is

a

friend

of

.

A．Mary’s

mother

B．Mary’s

mothers’

C．Mary

mother’s

D．Mary’s

mother’s

Last

week

I

called

at

my

.

A．a(chǎn)unt

B．a(chǎn)unts

C．a(chǎn)unt’s

D．a(chǎn)untes’

19、The

beach

is

a

throw.

A．stone

B．stones

C．stones’

D．stone’s

20、I

can

hardly

imagine

sailing

across

the

Atlantic

Ocean

in

five

days.

A．Peter’

B．Peter

C．Peters

D．Peters’

【答案】：

1、B

2、A

3、C

stomach（胃）雖是“ch”結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。

4、C

5、A

roof,

chief