不定式、動(dòng)名詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法

不定式作定語(yǔ)的用法不定式及其短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，與其他短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一樣，一般都放在被修飾的詞之后，通常表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以表示某一過(guò)去的特定動(dòng)作。一些名詞后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)，如：chance(機(jī)會(huì)），way(方法），time(時(shí)間）等；另外，thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來(lái)修飾代詞，它們或它們所修飾的代詞后，也常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式與被修飾詞之間存在的關(guān)系復(fù)雜，有的是主謂關(guān)系；有的是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；有的是動(dòng)狀關(guān)系，還有的不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系。1、主謂關(guān)系的（1）Wemustfindapersontodothework.(2)Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.(3)Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.(4)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(5)Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.2、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的如果不定式與被修飾的詞在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式里的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞。注意：是及物動(dòng)詞的，后面不要再加賓語(yǔ)，因?yàn)榍懊娴谋恍揎椩~是它的賓語(yǔ)；是不及物動(dòng)詞的，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞讓它變成及物動(dòng)詞，只有這樣，它才能帶上前面的賓語(yǔ)。（1）Hehasalotofbookstoread.(2)Iwouldlikeamagazinetolookat.(3)Hereissomeadviceforyoutofollow.(4)Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?(5)Thereisnoonetotakecareof.(6)Shehasnothingtoworryabout.3、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的被修飾詞如果是不定式里動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)多用介詞短語(yǔ)。由于被修飾詞前沒(méi)有介詞，所以只能在不定式里的動(dòng)詞后加介詞。（1）Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.(2)Let’sfindaroomtoputthesethingsin(3）Ihavenohousetolivein.(4)Hehasnopentowritewith.(5)Therearefivepairstochoosefrom.4、不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的被修飾詞與不定式里的動(dòng)詞不存在主謂、動(dòng)賓、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系的，被修飾詞多是些抽象名詞。（1）Ihavenotimetogotothemovie.（2）There’snoneedtosendforadoctor.(3)Where’sthebestplacetomeet?(4)Isthatthewaytodoit?(5）I’mnotsureabouthisabilitytocompletethetaskalone.練習(xí)Hehasnofriend_______(depend)on.Heisnotthekindofman(do)suchthings.Ihavealotofwork(finish)today.Thereisagoodrule(go)by.Thankyouforgivingmethechance(make)thespeech.Sheisalwaysthefirst(answer)questions.Canyoufindaproperperson(finish)thisjobintime動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置，如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ);如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。如：1.Heisanattackingplayer.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。2.Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。3.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty?你知道來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的人數(shù)嗎?注意：當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：1.Ayoungmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.→Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.一位寫小說(shuō)的青年昨天來(lái)向我們作報(bào)告。2.Thegirlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.→Thegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定語(yǔ)通常從以下三方面考查，即：1)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，特征或用途。如：1.Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。2.Hemaybeinthereadingroom，forallIknow.他說(shuō)不定在閱覽室里。3.Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士們先生們，請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：1.Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。2.WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話的那位婦女是誰(shuí)?練習(xí)：1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket______thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents____Chineseintheschool，most_____werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom4.Thequestion______atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed5.Chinaisa_____country______tothethirdworld.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Whoistheman______totheteacher?---Amodelworker_____ourschool.A.talks，visitsB.istalking;isvisitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.Theflowers_____sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt8.Thereareafewboys(swim)intheriver.

9.Thereisacar(wait)outside.

10.People(wait)forthebusoftenshelteredinmydoorway.

11.Theboy(sit)behindmeismybrother.

12.Thegirl(swim)inthepoolismydaughter過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有前置和后置兩種情況.

1、前置定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),通常放在被修飾的名詞之前,表示被動(dòng)和完成意義.

a)被動(dòng)意義:

anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人

Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.受傷的工人現(xiàn)正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照料.

b):完成意義:

aretiredteacher一位退休的教師

Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他們正在打掃院子里的落葉.

2、后置定語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句.如:

Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).這將是這類小說(shuō)中寫得最好的.

Thepeoplecaught=(whowascaught)bythepolicewasathief.被警察抓獲的那個(gè)人是個(gè)賊練習(xí)：1.-----Whowouldyouliketoseeatthemoment?

------Theman_____John.A.calledhimB.wecallhimCcallingD.called2.The_____glasscupwas______byJohn.A.breaking;brokenB.breaking;breakingC.broken,brokenD.broken;breaking3.EnglishisdifferentfromEnglishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,write4.Pricesofgoods,throughacomputer,canbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay6.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.b