2024年高考英語快樂ABCD剖析高考真題閱讀基礎：解析2024年1月浙江卷素材

2024年1月浙江高考英語真題卷ABCD閱讀理解篇基礎知識點總結(jié)（A）TomSawyerPlayIsanAdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Tumer,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz,”andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer.”Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.任務一：重點單詞學習1.Adapted-音標:/??d?pt?d/-釋義:經(jīng)過改編的，改寫的-詞組搭配:1."Thenovelwasadaptedintoasuccessfulmovie."（這部小說被改編成了一部成功的電影。）2."Theplaywasadaptedforayoungeraudience."（這個劇本是為年輕觀眾改編的。）-派生詞:adaptability(適應性)2.Graveyard-音標:/?ɡre?vjɑ?rd/-釋義:墓地，墳場-詞組搭配:1."Theoldchurchhadagraveyardintheback."（那座古老的教堂后面有一個墓地。）2."Theywalkedquietlythroughthegraveyard."（他們在墓地里靜靜地走著。）-派生詞:None3.Presence-音標:/?pr?zns/-釋義:存在，出現(xiàn)，出席-詞組搭配:1."Herpresenceatthemeetingwasgreatlyappreciated."（她在會議上的出席受到了極大的贊賞。）2."Thepresenceofpoliceofficersmadethecrowduneasy."（警察的出現(xiàn)使人群感到不安。）-派生詞:present(出席，目前的)4.Regular-音標:/?r?ɡj?l?r/-釋義:定期的，經(jīng)常的，正常的-詞組搭配:1."He'saregularcustomeratthecafé."（他是這家咖啡館的?？汀＃?."Regularexerciseisimportantformaintaininggoodhealth."（定期鍛煉對保持良好健康很重要。）-派生詞:regularly(定期地，經(jīng)常地)5.Downloadable-音標:/?da?n?lo?d?bl/-釋義:可下載的-詞組搭配:1."Thesoftwarecomeswithdownloadableupdates."（該軟件配有可下載的更新。）2."Youcanfinddownloadableresourcesonthewebsite."（你可以在網(wǎng)站上找到可下載的資源。）-派生詞:download(下載),download(下載的文件)任務二：高級詞組搭配1.Hand-clapping,foot-stomping-釋義:拍手叫好，踩腳節(jié)奏-例句:Theaudiencecouldn'thelpbutjoininthehand-clapping,foot-stompingexcitementoftheperformance.-例句翻譯:觀眾情不自禁地加入到表演的拍手叫好和踩腳節(jié)奏的激動中。2.Originalmusicals-釋義:原創(chuàng)音樂劇-例句:Thetheatercompanyisknownforitsgroundbreakingoriginalmusicalsthatcaptivateaudiences.-例句翻譯:這個劇院以引人入勝的開創(chuàng)性原創(chuàng)音樂劇而聞名。3.Leadingroles-釋義:主演角色-例句:Shehasperformedinseveralleadingrolesinmajorproductions,showcasingherincredibletalent.-例句翻譯:她在幾部重大作品中飾演了主演角色，展示了她不可思議的才華。4.Studyguide-釋義:學習指南-例句:Thestudyguideprovidedvaluableinsightsanddiscussionpointsforstudentsexploringthethemesofthenovel.-例句翻譯:這份學習指南為學生們探索小說主題提供了寶貴的見解和討論點。5.Juniorat-釋義:...的大三學生-例句:She'scurrentlyajuniorattheuniversity,majoringinbiology.-例句翻譯:她目前是該大學的大三學生，主修生物學。6.Firstperformed-釋義:首次演出-例句:TheplaywasfirstperformedinNewYorktocriticalacclaim.-例句翻譯:這部戲在紐約首次演出，獲得了評論界的好評。7.Regularat-釋義:經(jīng)常在...出現(xiàn)的人-例句:He'saregularatthelocalpub,oftenseenchattingwithfriendsoverapint.-例句翻譯:他經(jīng)常在當?shù)鼐瓢陕睹?，?jīng)常能看到他邊喝著一品脫啤酒邊和朋友聊天。8.Freshfrom-釋義:剛剛從...來的-例句:She'sfreshfromhertriptoEurope,fullofstoriesaboutheradventuresabroad.-例句翻譯:她剛從歐洲之行回來，滿腹關于她在國外冒險的故事。（B）Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomake

itseemabitmore”youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.任務一：重點單詞學習1.Conducting-音標:/k?n?d?kt??/-詳細釋義:進行，實施-詞組搭配:1."He'sconductingresearchintorenewableenergy."（他正在進行可再生能源的研究。）2."Theorchestraconductorisconductingaperformancetonight."（今晚交響樂團指揮將指揮一場演出。）-派生詞:conduct(行為，實施)2.Impress-音標:/?m?pr?s/-詳細釋義:使印象深刻，給予好感-詞組搭配:1."Sheimpressedtheinterviewerswithherconfidenceandknowledge."（她以自信和知識給面試官留下了深刻的印象。）2."Theteamhopestoimpresstheircoachwiththeirperformance."（團隊希望通過表現(xiàn)給教練留下好印象。）-派生詞:impressive(令人印象深刻的),impression(印象)3.Landlady-音標:/?l?nd?le?di/-詳細釋義:女房東，女房東太太-詞組搭配:1."Thelandladylivesintheapartmentbuildingandmanagestherentalproperties."（女房東住在公寓樓里，管理著出租物業(yè)。）2."Ourlandladyisverystrictaboutnoiseafter10PM."（我們的女房東對晚上十點后的噪音非常嚴格。）-派生詞:landlord(房東),landlording(房東的行為)4.Community-音標:/k??mju?n?ti/-詳細釋義:社區(qū)，社會團體，共同體-詞組搭配:1."Theyorganizedacommunitycleanupeventtobeautifytheneighborhood."（他們組織了一次社區(qū)清潔活動，美化社區(qū)。）2."Thelibraryservesasahubforcommunityactivities."（圖書館是社區(qū)活動的中心。）-派生詞:communal(共同的),community(社區(qū)的)5.Voluminous-音標:/v??lu?m?n?s/-詳細釋義:龐大的，大量的-詞組搭配:1."Shecarriedavoluminousbackpackfilledwithbooks."（她背著一個裝滿書籍的龐大背包。）2."Thereportcontainsvoluminousdatathatwilltakeweekstoanalyze."（這份報告包含了大量數(shù)據(jù)，需要幾周時間進行分析。）-派生詞:volume(音量，體積)任務二：高級詞組搭配1.Intendedpurpose-釋義:預期用途-例句:Iboughtthistoolforitsintendedpurpose,butI'vefoundotherusesforitaswell.-例句翻譯:我買這個工具是為了它的預期用途，但我也發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他用途。2.Lockedoutside-釋義:被鎖在外面-例句:Iaccidentallylockedmyselfoutsidethehouseandhadtocallalocksmith.-例句翻譯:我不小心把自己鎖在了屋外，不得不叫了一個鎖匠。3.Managingagent-釋義:管理代理人-例句:Themanagingagenthandlesallthemaintenancerequestsfortherentalproperties.-例句翻譯:管理代理人負責處理租賃物業(yè)的維修請求。4.Publictelephones-釋義:公用電話-例句:Publictelephoneshavebecomeincreasinglyrarewiththepopularityofmobilephones.-例句翻譯:隨著手機的普及，公用電話越來越少見了。5.Minicommunitylibrary-釋義:迷你社區(qū)圖書館-例句:Theminicommunitylibraryencouragesresidentstosharebookswitheachother.-例句翻譯:迷你社區(qū)圖書館鼓勵居民相互分享書籍。6.Springcleans-釋義:春季大掃除-例句:Everyyear,shedoesspringcleanstodeclutterandorganizeherhome.-例句翻譯:每年，她都會春季大掃除，清理和整理她的家。7.Unbeatableprice-point-釋義:無與倫比的價格點-例句:Thestore'sunbeatableprice-pointattractscustomersfromalloverthecity.-例句翻譯:這家店無與倫比的價格吸引了來自全城的顧客。、（C）OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm(花暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary’ssouthernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta—downwindofthehailprojectflights—worrythatpreciousmoisture(水分)isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissueforyears“Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotecttheCalgary-Edmontonurbanareafromhail,”Mr.Stienwandsays,“butthey’reincreasingdroughtriskasfareastasSaskatchewan.”TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksforWeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota.“Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthetotalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecousingdrought.”Dr.Krausssays.“Infact,wemaybehelpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground.”O(jiān)nedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojustretiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma.“In1999,Ipersonallysawsignificanttornadoes(龍卷風)formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,”Dr.Doswellsays.“Doescloudseedingcreatekillerstormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.”Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,“itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.”Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,privateclimateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.任務一：重點單詞學習1.Hailstorm-音標:/?he?l?st??rm/-詳細釋義:冰雹暴風雨-詞組搭配:1."Thehailstormdamagedmanycarsparkedoutside."（冰雹暴風雨損壞了許多停在外面的汽車。）2."Residentstookshelterindoorsduringtheviolenthailstorm."（居民在猛烈的冰雹暴風雨中躲進室內(nèi)避難。）-派生詞:hail(冰雹)2.Suppression-音標:/s??pr???n/-詳細釋義:抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓-詞組搭配:1."Thegovernmentenactedlawsforthesuppressionofrebellion."（政府頒布了鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂的法律。）2."Effortsareunderwayforthesuppressionofdrugtrafficking."（正在進行鎮(zhèn)壓販毒活動的努力。）-派生詞:suppress(鎮(zhèn)壓),suppressive(抑制性的)3.Precious-音標:/?pr???s/-詳細釋義:珍貴的，寶貴的-詞組搭配:1."Timespentwithfamilyisprecious."（與家人在一起的時間是寶貴的。）2."Shekepttheringasapreciousmementoofhergrandmother."（她把戒指當作她祖母的寶貴紀念品保存著。）-派生詞:preciousness(珍貴),precious(貴重的)4.Drought-音標:/dra?t/-詳細釋義:干旱，旱災-詞組搭配:1."Theregionsufferedfromaseveredroughtlastsummer."（該地區(qū)去年夏天遭受了嚴重的干旱。）2."Farmersstruggledtogrowcropsduringthedrought."（農(nóng)民在干旱期間艱難種植莊稼。）-派生詞:droughty(干旱的),droughtiness(干旱)5.Seeding-音標:/?si?d??/-詳細釋義:播種，播放-詞組搭配:1."Theybeganseedingthefieldsinearlyspring."（他們在初春開始播種田地。）2."Thecompanyisresponsibleforseedingcloudstoinducerain."（這家公司負責播種云來引發(fā)雨水。）-派生詞:seed(種子),seedling(幼苗)任務二：高級詞組搭配1.Threateningstormcells-意思:威脅性的風暴細胞-例句:Theradardetectedseveralthreateningstormcellsmovingtowardsthecity.-例句翻譯:雷達探測到幾個威脅性的風暴細胞朝著城市移動。2.Cloudseeding-意思:人工增雨-例句:Thegovernmentinvestedincloudseedingtoalleviatethedroughtintheregion.-例句翻譯:政府投資進行了人工增雨，以緩解該地區(qū)的干旱。3.Relativelegalsafety-意思:相對法律安全性-例句:Despitethecontroversy,cloud-seedingcompaniesoperateinrelativelegalsafety.-例句翻譯:盡管存在爭議，人工增雨公司在相對法律安全的環(huán)境中運營。4.Scientificproof-意思:科學證據(jù)-例句:Thedebatecontinuesduetothelackofscientificproofregardingtheeffectivenessofcloudseeding.-例句翻譯:由于缺乏關于人工增雨有效性的科學證據(jù)，爭論仍在繼續(xù)。5.Killerstorms-意思:致命風暴-例句:Someresearchersspeculatethatcloudseedingmayunintentionallyleadtotheformationofkillerstorms.-例句翻譯:一些研究人員推測，人工增雨可能會無意中導致致命風暴的形成。（D）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets

—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue

—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.任務一：重點單詞學習1.Marshmallow-音標:/?mɑ?r?m?l??/-詳細釋義:棉花糖-詞組搭配:1.marshmallowtest-棉花糖測試2.marshmallowtreat-棉花糖零食-派生詞:1.marshmallowy-棉花糖般的2.marshmallowiness-棉花糖般的特質(zhì)2.Tempted-音標:/?t?mpt?d/-詳細釋義:受到誘惑的-詞組搭配:1.temptedby-被...誘惑2.resisttemptation-抵制誘惑-派生詞:1.temptation-誘惑2.tempter-誘惑者3.Ancestors-音標:/??ns?st?rz/-詳細釋義:祖先，祖宗-詞組搭配:1.ancestors'legacy-祖先的遺產(chǎn)2.traceancestry-追溯祖先-派生詞:1.ancestral-祖先的2.ancestry-家世，血統(tǒng)4.Responsemechanism-音標:/r??sp?ns?m?k??n?z?m/-詳細釋義:反應機制-詞組搭配:1.automaticresponsemechanism-自動反應機制2.physiologicalresponsemechanism-生理反應機制-派生詞:1.responsive-反應迅速的2.mechanistic-機械式的5.Formative-音標:/?f??m?t?v/-詳細釋義:形成的，發(fā)展的-詞組搭配:1.formativeyears-形成時期2.formativeexperience-形成經(jīng)歷-派生詞:1.form-形成，塑造2.formation-形成，組織6.Bombarded-音標:/b?m?bɑ?d?d/-詳細釋義:被轟炸的，不斷被影響的-詞組搭配:1.bombardedwith-被...轟炸2.constantlybombarded-不斷受到影響的-派生詞:1.bombardment-轟炸2.bombardier-轟炸機手任務二：高級詞組搭配1.Globaldeliverysystem-全球交