2023-2024學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2023-2024學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)九年級(jí)一?？荚囉⒄Z(yǔ)試卷一、單選題：本大題共12小題，共6分。1.Lindaandhersisterarebooklovers.________oftenspendtimereadinginthelibrary.A.She B.They C.We D.You2.—Shallwetakethe7:00bus?—OK.Theconcertstarts________7:30.Wecanmakeitontime.A.in B.on C.at D.to3.—MustIsignupfortheschoolmusicfestivaltoday?—No,you________.Tomorrowisthelastdayforsigningup.A.can't B.shouldn't C.mustn't D.needn't4.Tompracticesbasketballeveryday,andhebecomes________atitthanbefore.A.well B.better C.best D.thebest5.—________isitfromourschooltothespacemuseum?—It'saboutfivekilometers.A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howfar D.Howmuch6.Remembertodowarm-upexercisebeforeswimming,________youmaygethurt.A.so B.and C.but D.or7.—Eric,turndownthemusic,please.Yourlittlebrother________.—OK,Mom.I'msorry.A.issleeping B.sleeps C.wassleeping D.slept8.—Lily,whathouseworkdoyouoftendoathome?—I________thedishesafterdinnereveryday.A.do B.did C.willdo D.wasdoing9.—Jim,Icalledyouanhourago,butyoudidn'tpickup.Whatwereyoudoing?—Oh,I________thepicnicplanwithmyparents.A.discuss B.amdiscussing C.discussed D.wasdiscussing10.Lisa________theSummerPalacetwicesinceshecametoBeijing.A.visits B.visited C.hasvisited D.wasvisiting11.Lastyear,agarden________forstudentstogrowvegetablesinourschool.A.started B.wasstarted C.starts D.isstarted12.—Bob,canyoutellme________thescienceclub?—Well,Ireallylikedoingexperiments.A.whyyouwanttojoin B.whydoyouwanttojoin

C.whenyouwanttojoin D.whendoyouwanttojoin二、完形填空：本大題共8小題，共8分。???????Inhergrandparents'oldhouse,Mayadiscoveredanoldfamilycalendar,witheachpagefilledoutcarefully.OnJune6,1892:"HelpedMrThompsonrepairhishouse."OnNovember14,1907:"____1____mytimeatanoldpeople'shome."Curious,sheaskedhergrandmotheraboutit."Thatisthetraditionofourfamily,"hergrandmotherexplained."Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.Nomatterhow____2____itis."Mayawasinterested."Why?"Hergrandmothersmiled,"It'sabeliefthatthroughcontinuouskindactions,wecancreatealifeof____3____.Everyday,wefindamomentoflightthroughofferinghelptoothers,evenwhentheworldaroundusisdark."Withadmiration,Mayadecidedtokeepthetradition.Everynight,shewouldrecordheractofkindnessfortheday.Astheyearswentby,Maya'sentriesofherkindact____4____,fromcomfortingadistressedstrangeronthebustoorganizingcommunityclean-ups.Oneday,asshesatatacafé,ayoungwomancametoher."AreyouMaya?"Sheaskedpolitely.Mayanodded,feeling____5____.Thewomanwenton,"Yearsago,youtaughtmeforfreewhenmyfamilycouldn'taffordlessons.Becauseofyou,Igraduatedtopofmyclass.Today,I____6____anorganizationprovidinghelpforstudentsfrompoorfamilies."Mayawasmovedandproud.Sherealizedheractionswerecreatingripples(漣漪)inwaysshehadneverimagined.Thecalendarbecameacommunitylegend(傳奇).InspiredbyMaya,thetownstarteda"CalendarDay",encouragingeveryonetodogood.WhenMayawasold,sheoftensatwithhergrandchildren,turningthefilledpages."ThiswaswhenyourgrandpaandImet.Ihelpedhimfindhislostdog."Oneday,heroldestgrandchild,Sophie,lookedupfromthecalendar."Iwantto____7____this,Grandma."Mayahandedthecalendarover.Sheknewthetraditionwouldliveon.YearsafterMayapassed,thetownbuiltastatue(雕塑)inherhonor,withthewordsonitsbase:InmemoryofMayaandthegenerationsbeforeherwhobelievedinthepowerofeveryday____8____.13.A.Saved B.Wasted C.Managed D.Volunteered14.A.popular B.small C.unfair D.interesting15.A.freedom B.balance C.purpose D.discovery16.A.grew B.appeared C.remained D.mattered17.A.worried B.relaxed C.excited D.confused18.A.run B.need C.name D.visit19.A.praise B.report C.continue D.remember20.A.changes B.kindness C.happiness D.achievements三、閱讀理解：本大題共10小題，共20分。A

"Whycan'tGrandpajustbenormal?Whydoeshetakewaveskiasahobby?It'ssoweird(怪異的),"CarteraskedGrandma.Grandmalaughed."I'vewonderedthatformanyyears."TheyweresittingonthebeachwatchingGrandpaandsomeofhisfriendsintheocean."Noneofmyfriendsevenknowswhatawaveskiis,"Cartercontinued."Justtellthemit?salotlikesurfing(沖浪),

buttheriderssitontopofawaveski.Whenthewavescome,theywillridethewavejustlikeasurfer,onlytheypaddletogetouttothewaves.""Nobody'sgrandpadoesthis."Grandmalaughed."Well,whatshouldhebedoinginstead?""Idon'tknow.Maybethingsthatoldpeopledo.""Look!Abigwaveiscomingin!"Grandmapointedtotheocean.CartersawGrandpainfrontofhisfriends.Hewasleaning(傾斜)forwardandpaddlinghard,justaheadofthelargeincomingwave.CarterwassurprisedathowhardGrandpawaspaddlingandhowfasthewasmoving.Justthen,anotherhugewavecame.Carterjumpedtohisfeetandheldhisbreath.Thiswasnotgood.Whatifsomethingbadhappened?Asthewavedrewnear,Grandpapaddledharder.Hewassuddenlyliftedbythewaterandstoppedpaddling.Heleanedtowardthewave,changingthedirectionofthewaveski.Now,hewasridingthewave,movingfast.Carterwasamazed.Grandpawastotallyincontrol.Carternowrealizedhisgrandpawasn'tweirdatall.Hewasamazing.Absolutelyamazing!"GoGrandpa!"Cartershouted,eventhoughheknewGrandpacouldn'thearhim.Whenthewavewasgone,GrandpaturnedtowardthebeachandwavedtoCarterandGrandma.Helookedsohappy.Carterwavedback.Hewasn?tsurewhy,buthehadtearsinhiseyes.Hequicklydriedthemandthenwavedagain."DoyouthinkIcanbetheoneridingwaveslikehim?""Ofcourse,"Grandmasaid.

21.CarterthoughthisgrandpawasweirdbecauseGrandpa________.A.hadaspecialhobby B.dislikedbeingwithhisfriends

C.seldomplayedwithhim D.spenthourssittingonthebeach22.Cartercametounderstandhisgrandpawhen________.A.helearnedfromGrandmawhatwaveskiwas

B.hesawGrandpapaddlingaheadofthewave

C.Grandpawasridingthewaveandmovingfast

D.Grandpaturnedtowardthebeachandwavedtohim23.AftertalkingwithGrandma,Carterwouldprobably________.A.buyanewwaveskiforGrandpa

B.sharehisownhobbywithGrandma

C.encourageGrandmatotrywaveski

D.askGrandpatoteachhimtowaveskiB

Meditationisonekindofexerciseincontrollingattention.Meditatorsusesomepractices,likekeepingfocusonbreathing,tostrengthentheabilitytotakecontroloverwhattheirmindsaredoing.Whilemeditatorshavelongexperienceditsbenefits,scienceonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatthementaleffortofmeditationisgoodexerciseforthebrain.

Meditationhasmuchtodowithcognition,atermtodescribethethoughtprocessesinsideourheads(likefocusing,makingdecisions,andremembering)thatallowustounderstandtheworld.Meditatorsarereallygoodatusingseveralcognitiveabilitiestostayfocused.Whentheylearnthattheirmindswander(走神),theyquicklybringtheirattentionback,whichislikedoingamentalpush-up.Allthesementalpush-upsendupstrengtheningtheirabilitytochangetheirthoughtsbasedonwhattheyaredoingrightnow,likechangingfromdoingmathtoreadingwhentheygotodifferentclasses.Groupsofbrainareasthatcommunicatearecalledbrainnetworks,andthehealthofthebraindependsontheabilityofbrainnetworkstocommunicatewell.Sciencehasshownthatmeditationcanimprovesustainedattention,whichishowwellapersoncankeeptheirattentiononsomethinghardforalongtime.Scientistscanmeasureimprovementsinsustainedattentionbylookingforincreasesincertainbrainwaves,usingEEG(腦電圖).Itprovesthatmeditationcanmakethebrainareasinvolvedinattentioncommunicatewitheachothermoreeasily.Meditationcanevenchangethewaythatmeditators'brainnetworkscommunicate,bybringingnew,helpfulbrainareasintotheconversationorgettingridofabrainareathatistooloudanddistracting(分心的).Asaresult,meditatorsgetbetteratfocusingtheirattentionawayfromnegativethoughtsandfeelingsandputtingthemselvesintoagoodmood.Thesechangestakealongtimeandalotofwork.Peopleneedtomakemeditationahabitandguidancefromateachercanbehelpful.Yet,noteveryonecanaffordapersonalteacher.That'swheretechnologystepsin.Scientistshavemadeappsthatprovidetipsandhelppeoplemeditateattheirownlevels.Whilesomedigitalmeditationappshavebeencarefullystudiedbyscientists,someneedtobetested.So,itisimportanttobecarefulatfirstaboutwhetheranappreallyworks.24.Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplemeditate,they________.A.trytocontroltheirfocus

B.focusonwhatgoesaround

C.makeimportantdecisions

D.developtheabilitytocommunicate25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Meditatorsendtheirpracticewhentheirmindswander.

B.Meditationmakesitpossibleforpeopletohavehappiermoods.

C.Certainbrainwavesdecreasewhensustainedattentionimproves.

D.Digitalmeditationappsworkbetterthanpersonalmeditationteachers.26.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howdoesmeditationbenefitthebrain?

B.Howdopeoplemakemeditationahabit?

C.Howdoestechnologyimprovemeditation?

D.Howdomeditalorsbettertheirmentalhealth?C

EverytimeIlookatthemanyrecentordersonmyonlineshoppingaccount,orIreceiveanewpackageonmydoorstep,Igetafeelingofhappinessthatishardtogiveup.AlthoughIknowthatmyshoppinghabitsarebadfortheplanet,Ijustcan'tstop.ButAnn-ChristineDuhaime'snewbook,MindingtheClimate:HowNeuroscienceCanHelpSolveOurEnvironmentalCrisis,hashelpedmeunderstandthatmydesire(渴望)tokeepbuyingthingsisn'tnecessarilyapersonalweakness—it'sthewayourbrainshavedeveloped.AccordingtoDuhaime,wemanagedtostayaliveevenwhenthingswerehardbecauseourbrainslearnedtorepeatdecisionslikemovingtowardsatastytreatorbackingawayfromdanger.Today,wehavesome86billionneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincontinuouslyworkingtostrengthenrewardingbehavior—akindofactionthatresultsinapositiveoutcome,whichmakesapersonwanttodoitagain.Astheneuronswork,theyproducedopamine(多巴胺),whichmakesourrewardingbehaviorfeelevenbetterthanusual.Weactivelylookformoredopamine,andatthesametime,learntorepeattheactionsthatleadtoit.However,Duhaimestressesthatourbrainsarenotprogrammedtokeepbuyingmoreandmore.Allhumansaredifferent,andourbrainsworkdifferentlydependingonourgenetics(遺傳性)andourlifeexperiences.Thechallengeisthatourbrainsystemsaredesignedforshort-termdecision-making.Whenwebuysomethingnew,wegetrewardedimmediately.Butthelong-termworseningoftheplanetisharderfortherewardcentersofourbrainstounderstand,evenifweknowaboutit.Andtheremaybesomewaystobreakthecycle.Thebestisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely;abettersolutionmaybetosubstitutetheoldrewardsthatweknowaren'tgoodinthelongrunwithnewones.Forexample,youcanhaveaglassofmilk,whichgivesyoufewercalories,insteadofeatingchocolatejustbeforebedforcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclothesfeelsasgoodaswhatthechocolatewoulddo.Weneedthatsamesubstitutionforshopping.Buyingusedthingscouldalsohelpsatisfyourdesiretogetmorethingswithoutusingmorenaturalresources.Additionally,creatingsocialrewards,likeencouragementandsupportfromacommunitywithsimilargoals,caninspirepositivechanges.Humansnaturallyliketoconnectwithothers,andthissocialsupportcanleadtomoreeco-friendlychoices.27.Whatdoyouknowabouthumanbrainsfromthepassage?A.Thewaybrainsworkwon'tbeinfluencedbylifeexperiences.

B.Neuronsplayaroleinpeople'srepeatingrewardingbehavior.

C.Lessdopamineisproducedwhenpeoplegetpositiveoutcomes.

D.Brainsdon'tcareabouttheshort-termeffectsofpeople'sactions.28.Theword"substitute"inParagraph5probablymeans"________".A.taketheplaceof B.lookforwardto

C.getreadyfor D.makeupfor29.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat________.A.over-shoppingharmsthedevelopmentofthehumanbrain

B.keepingbuyinggetsinthewayofpeoplefindinghappiness

C.theplanetisfreefromtheinfluenceofpeople'sbuyingbehavior

D.creatingsocialrewardscanhelppeoplereducethedesiretoover-shop30.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainwhyover-shoppingisnotapersonalweakness.

B.Toshowhowdopaminemakespeoplecrazyaboutshopping.

C.Toguidepeopletomakeeco-friendlychoiceswhenshopping.

D.Toencouragepeopletobuyusedthingstoprotecttheenvironment.四、任務(wù)型閱讀-簡(jiǎn)答：本大題共1小題，共10分。31.

Innerpainting,akindoftraditionalChineseart,ismarkedasanational-levelintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)).Innerpaintingartiststraditionallycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottlebyusingspecialfinebrushesthatcanenterthetinybottles.Ithasalonghistoryandismainlydividedintofourmajorschools:Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,andGuangdong.Whenwelookattheinnerpaintingofanobject,weexperienceanindescribablebeauty.Patternsonthepaintingoftensymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.Themostmarketableonesarelandscapes(風(fēng)景),followedbyflowersandbirds.Theproductionofinnerpaintingisdifficultbecauseitrequireshighprecision(精確)andtheprocessofpaintingistotallyreversed(反向的).Duringpainting,thereisnoroomforcorrections.Andashakyhandleadstomistakes.Onlythoseskilledandconfidentintheirabilitiescanpaintwell.Mostartistsneedtolearninnerpaintingforyearsbeforecreatinggreatandfinepieces.Eveniftheyalreadyknowhowtopaint,theyneedtopracticedrawinglinesfromthebeginningwhentheystartinner

painting.Innerpaintinghasitsadvantagesduetoitsuniqueness(獨(dú)特性),butitalsofaceschallengessuchaslimitedmarketneeds,andashortageoflearnersandtalentedartiststodriveitsdevelopment.Luckily,today'sartistsaretryingtomakeinnerpaintingmoreincludedinourlives.Itisnowusedoneverydayobjects,liketeasetsandfoldingscreens.Oneoftheartistsinventedanewtypeofbrush,whichimprovedthespeedofdrawing.Someyoungartistsaremakinguseofsocialmediatohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutinnerpaintingskills.Lookingaheadtothefuture,theinnerpaintingartistswishthearttobemoreavailabletothepublic,andwinhighmarketacceptance.Theyalsohopeinnerpaintingcoursescanbeofferedatschoolforyoungpeopletotake.(1)Wheredoinnerpaintingartiststraditionallycreatetheirworks?__________________________________________________________________(2)Whatdopatternsontheinnerpaintingoftensymbolize?__________________________________________________________________(3)Howaresomeyoungartistshelpingmorepeoplelearnaboutinnerpaintingskills?__________________________________________________________________(4)Ifyourschooloffersaninnerpaintingcourse,wouldyouliketotakeitornot?Why?(Pleasegivetworeasons.)__________________________________________________________________五、信息匹配：本大題共3小題，共6分。WeekendActivitiesAEnjoyaNightofSingingPlanapartyandsingyourfavoritesongswithfriendsorfamily.Pickcatchysongs,designsomegames,taketurnstosing,andhavefuncreateacomfortableenvironmentwithsnacksandlaughterforamemorableevening.BHaveaYardSaleTidyupyourhomeandplanayardsale.Choosethingsyoudon'tneed—likeoldbooks,clothesandtoys.Clean,organize,andpricethem.Youcanevenadvertisethesaleonlineorwithposters.Afterthesalewhynotdonatethemoneytocharities?CCollectLeavesforArtworksTakeawalkinalocalparkandcollectfallenleaves.Whenyougethome,createartworkswithleavesofdifferentcolorsandshapesasyoulike.Youcancut,paint,orstickthem.Getpreparedtobeamazedatyourownwork.DBringaMealtoNeighborsCooksomedeliciousdishes,andpackthemnicely.Takethemtovisityourneighborsorsurprisethembyleavingthedishesattheirdoorstepswithakindnote.It'sagreatwaytostrengthentherelationshipwithyourneighbors.____1____

Ienjoypaintingandcreatingworksofartwithvariousmaterials.____2____IjustfinishedmiddleschoolandIdon'tknowwhattodowiththethingsInolongeruse.____3____

I'verecentlymovedintoanewneighborhoodandI?dliketomeetmyneighbors.32.A.A B.B C.C D.D33.A.A B.B C.C D.D34.A.A B.B C.C D.D六、書面表達(dá)：本大題共2小題，共10分。35.假設(shè)你是李華。你的好朋友Peter正在參與籌備他們學(xué)校的“校園勞動(dòng)日”活動(dòng)，他寫信向你征求創(chuàng)意。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫一封回信，提供一些活動(dòng)創(chuàng)意并說(shuō)明理由。提示詞語(yǔ)：cleanup,repair,garden,fun,responsibility提示問(wèn)題：●Whatactivitieswouldyouliketosuggest?

●Whydoyousuggestso?DearPeter,I'mexcitedtohearthatyou?reorganizingactivitiesforSchoolServiceDay.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Idohopethatmysuggestionswillbehelpful.Yours,LiHua36.假設(shè)你是李華。某英文網(wǎng)站正在開(kāi)展以“學(xué)以致用”為主題的征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文投稿，分享一次你運(yùn)用所學(xué)解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的經(jīng)歷，并談?wù)勀愕氖斋@。提示詞語(yǔ)：skill,makeuseof,connect,improve,meaningful提示問(wèn)題：●Whatexperiencecanyoushareaboutputtingwhatyou'velearnedintopractice?●Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?It'simportanttoputwhatwe'velearnedintopractice._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】句意：琳達(dá)和她的姐姐都是書迷。她們經(jīng)常在圖書館看書。She她；They她/他/它們；We我們；You你，你們。根據(jù)Lindaandhersister可知，此處指代琳達(dá)與她的姐姐兩人，應(yīng)用第三人稱的復(fù)數(shù)they指代。故選B。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：——我們乘7點(diǎn)的公共汽車好嗎？——好的。音樂(lè)會(huì)在7:30開(kāi)始。我們可以準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。in用于表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，如年份、月份、季節(jié)、世紀(jì)等；on用于表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；at用于表示具體的時(shí)刻或幾點(diǎn)幾分；to朝，向。由于空格后是7:30，所以要用at。故選C。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：——我今天必須報(bào)名參加學(xué)校音樂(lè)節(jié)嗎？——不，你不需要。明天是報(bào)名的最后一天。can't不能；shouldn't不應(yīng)該；mustn't禁止；needn't不需要。根據(jù)No可知，此處作否定回答?；卮鹨訫ust引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句，否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto。故選D。4.【答案】B【解析】句意：湯姆每天練習(xí)籃球，他比以前打得更好了。well好地（副詞）；better更好（比較級(jí)）；best最好（最高級(jí)）；thebest最好（最高級(jí)）。根據(jù)than可知，空格處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。故選B。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：——從我們學(xué)校到太空博物館有多遠(yuǎn)？——大約五公里。Howsoon詢問(wèn)“多久之后”，通常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，回答一般用“in+一段時(shí)間”；Howlong詢問(wèn)“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，既可以詢問(wèn)時(shí)間段，也可以詢問(wèn)物體的長(zhǎng)度；Howfar詢問(wèn)“多遠(yuǎn)”，表示距離；Howmuch詢問(wèn)“多少”，可以詢問(wèn)數(shù)量、價(jià)格等。根據(jù)It'saboutfivekilometers.可知，此處對(duì)距離提問(wèn)，疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)用Howfar“多遠(yuǎn)”。故選C。6.【答案】D【解析】句意：游泳前記得做熱身運(yùn)動(dòng)，否則你可能會(huì)受傷。so“所以”，表示因果關(guān)系；and“和，并且”，連接兩個(gè)并列的成分或句子，表示并列關(guān)系；but“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；or“或者，否則”，表示選擇關(guān)系或否定的結(jié)果。分析可知，此處用“祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句”表示結(jié)果，其中or表示“否則”。故選D。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：——埃里克，請(qǐng)把音樂(lè)聲關(guān)小點(diǎn)。你弟弟在睡覺(jué)?！玫?，媽媽。我很抱歉。根據(jù)Eric,turndownthemusic,please.可知，此處指弟弟正在睡覺(jué)，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。8.【答案】A【解析】句意：——莉莉，你在家經(jīng)常做什么家務(wù)？——我每天晚飯后洗碗。根據(jù)everyday可知，此處表示每天都會(huì)洗碗，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選A。9.【答案】D【解析】句意：——吉姆，我一小時(shí)前給你打過(guò)電話，但你沒(méi)接，你在做什么？——噢，我當(dāng)時(shí)正在和我父母討論野餐計(jì)劃。根據(jù)Whatwereyoudoing?可知，此處表示過(guò)去某一刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為was/weredoing。故選D。10.【答案】C【解析】句意：自從麗莎來(lái)北京后，她已經(jīng)參觀頤和園兩次了。根據(jù)sinceshecametoBeijing可知，該句為since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為have/has+過(guò)去分詞。故選C。11.【答案】B【解析】句意：去年，我們?cè)趯W(xué)校開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)菜園，供學(xué)生種植蔬菜。根據(jù)agarden...forstudents可知，主語(yǔ)garden“菜園”與動(dòng)詞start“開(kāi)辟”為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；結(jié)合Lastyear可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為was/were+過(guò)去分詞。故選B。12.【答案】A【解析】句意：——鮑勃，你能告訴我你為什么想加入科學(xué)俱樂(lè)部嗎？——嗯，我真的很喜歡做實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)canyoutellme...thescienceclub可知，句子是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除B、D選項(xiàng)；結(jié)合答語(yǔ)Ireallylikedoingexperiments.可知，問(wèn)句是問(wèn)原因，用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。故選A。13~20.【答案】D、B、A、A、D、A、C、B【解析】【文章大意】本文主要講述了瑪雅和她家族的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，通過(guò)具體的事例展現(xiàn)了善良的傳承和意義。

1.

句意：1907年11月14日：“在一家養(yǎng)老院做志愿者。”Saved節(jié)??；Wasted浪費(fèi)；Managed管理；Volunteered志愿。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示在養(yǎng)老院做志愿者。故選D。2.

句意：不管它有多小。popular受歡迎的；small小的；unfair不公平的；interesting有趣的。根據(jù)Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.（世世代代，每一天，我們都完成一項(xiàng)善舉并把它記錄下來(lái)。）可知，空處應(yīng)表達(dá)不管這件事有多小。故選B。3.

句意：這是一種信念，即通過(guò)持續(xù)的善意行為，我們可以創(chuàng)造一種自由的生活。freedom自由；balance平衡；purpose目的；discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文Everyday,wefindamomentoflightthroughofferinghelptoothers,evenwhentheworldaroundusisdark.（每一天，即使當(dāng)我們周圍的世界是黑暗的，我們也能通過(guò)幫助他人找到片刻的光明。）可知，我們幫助別人從黑暗中找到光明，應(yīng)是創(chuàng)造了一種自由的生活。故選A。4.

句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，瑪雅參加的善舉越來(lái)越多，從在公交車上安慰一個(gè)痛苦的陌生人到組織社區(qū)清理。grew逐漸變得；appeared出現(xiàn)；remained仍然；mattered關(guān)系。根據(jù)fromcomfortingadistressedstrangeronthebustoorganizingcommunityclean-ups（從在公交車上安慰一個(gè)痛苦的陌生人到組織社區(qū)清理）可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)善舉越來(lái)越多。故選A。5.

句意：瑪雅點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，感到困惑。worried擔(dān)心的；relaxed放松的；excited興奮的；confused困惑的。根據(jù)上文Oneday,asshesatatacafé,ayoungwomancametoher."AreyouMaya?"（一天，當(dāng)她坐在咖啡館里時(shí)，一位年輕女子走向她。“你是瑪雅嗎？”）可知，有陌生人喊出她的名字她應(yīng)該是感到困惑。故選D。6.

句意：現(xiàn)今，我經(jīng)營(yíng)著一個(gè)組織，為那些來(lái)自貧困家庭的學(xué)生提供幫助。run經(jīng)營(yíng)；need需要；name命名；visit參觀。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指經(jīng)營(yíng)了一個(gè)為貧困學(xué)生提供幫助的組織。故選A。7.

句意：“我想繼續(xù)做下去，奶奶?！眕raise表?yè)P(yáng)；report匯報(bào)；continue繼續(xù)；remember記住。根據(jù)Mayahandedthecalendarover.Sheknewthetraditionwouldliveon.（瑪雅把日歷遞了過(guò)去。她知道這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)會(huì)延續(xù)下去。）可知，應(yīng)表達(dá)她想繼續(xù)干這件事。故選C。8.

句意：瑪雅去世多年后，該鎮(zhèn)為紀(jì)念她建造了一座雕像，基座上寫著：為了深切緬懷瑪雅以及在她之前的那些世代，他們堅(jiān)信著日常善舉的力量。changes改變；kindness善良；happiness幸福；achievements成就。根據(jù)第四段Everyday,forgenerations(世代),wecompleteoneactofkindnessandtakeitdown.（世世代代，每一天，我們都完成一項(xiàng)善舉并把它記錄下來(lái)。）可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)相信日常善舉的力量。故選B。21~23.【答案】A、C、D【解析】【文章大意】文章主要講述了卡特一開(kāi)始不理解爺爺把滑浪板作為愛(ài)好，覺(jué)得很怪異，但后來(lái)看到爺爺在海浪中嫻熟地駕馭滑浪板，他才意識(shí)到爺爺其實(shí)很了不起，最后卡特對(duì)爺爺?shù)膽B(tài)度發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，并希望自己也能像爺爺一樣。文章表達(dá)了對(duì)爺爺獨(dú)特愛(ài)好的理解和對(duì)他的敬佩之情。

1.

根據(jù)第一段"Whycan'tGrandpajustbenormal?Whydoeshetakewaveskiasahobby?It'ssoweird(怪異的),"CarteraskedGrandma.（“為什么爺爺不能正常一點(diǎn)呢？為什么他把沖浪板當(dāng)愛(ài)好？這太奇怪了?！笨ㄌ貑?wèn)奶奶。）可知，卡特覺(jué)得爺爺很怪異是因?yàn)闋敔斢幸粋€(gè)特殊的愛(ài)好。故選A。2.

根據(jù)第十一段Now,hewasridingthewave,movingfast.Carterwasamazed.Grandpawastotallyincontrol.（現(xiàn)在，他正在駕馭海浪，快速移動(dòng)。卡特驚呆了。爺爺完全掌控著局面。）和第十二段Carternowrealizedhisgrandpawasn'tweirdatall.Hewasamazing.Absolutelyamazing!（卡特現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到他的爺爺一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。他太了不起了。絕對(duì)了不起?。┛赏浦?，當(dāng)爺爺乘風(fēng)破浪快速前進(jìn)時(shí)，卡特開(kāi)始理解他的爺爺。故選C。3.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"DoyouthinkIcanbetheoneridingwaveslikehim?"（“你覺(jué)得我能像他一樣駕馭海浪嗎？”）可知，卡特問(wèn)奶奶他是否能像爺爺那樣乘風(fēng)破浪。由此推知，卡特可能會(huì)要爺爺教他沖浪這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D。24~26.【答案】A、B、A【解析】【文章大意】文章主要講述了冥想是如何控制注意力的，以及冥想對(duì)認(rèn)知能力的影響，包括讓冥想者更好地集中注意力、改變思維、增強(qiáng)大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的溝通能力等。同時(shí)還提到了冥想需要長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持和努力，科技可以提供幫助，但要謹(jǐn)慎選擇數(shù)字冥想應(yīng)用程序。

1.

根據(jù)第一段Meditatorsarereallygoodatusingseveralcognitiveabilitiestostayfocused.（冥想者非常擅長(zhǎng)運(yùn)用多種認(rèn)知能力來(lái)保持專注。）可知，當(dāng)人們冥想時(shí)，他們?cè)噲D控制自己的注意力。故選A。2.

根據(jù)第三段Asaresult,meditatorsgetbetteratfocusingtheirattentionawayfromnegativethoughtsandfeelingsandputtingthemselvesintoagoodmood.（這樣，冥想者能夠更好地將注意力從消極的思想和感受上轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)，并讓自己處于良好的情緒狀態(tài)。）可知，冥想可以讓人們有更快樂(lè)的心情。故選B。3.

通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段Whilemeditatorshavelongexperienceditsbenefits,scienceonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatthementaleffortofmeditationisgoodexerciseforthebrain.（盡管冥想者長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都體驗(yàn)到了其益處，但科學(xué)只是在最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)冥想這種心智努力對(duì)大腦是很好的鍛煉。）以及第三段Meditationcanevenchangethewaythatmeditators?brainnetworkscommunicate,bybringingnew,helpfulbrainareasintotheconversationorgettingridofabrainareathatistooloudanddistracting(分心的).（冥想甚至可以改變冥想者大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的溝通方式，通過(guò)引入新的、有益的大腦區(qū)域參與對(duì)話，或者去除過(guò)于嘈雜且分散注意力的大腦區(qū)域。）可知，文章主要介紹了冥想對(duì)大腦有什么好處。故選A。27~30.【答案】B、A、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文主要分析了人們過(guò)度購(gòu)物的科學(xué)原理，并說(shuō)明人們可以通過(guò)利用這種原理來(lái)改變購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。

1.

根據(jù)第三段Today,wehavesome86billionneurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebraincontinuouslyworkingtostrengthenrewardingbehavior—akindofactionthatresultsinapositiveoutcome,whichmakesapersonwanttodoitagain.（如今，我們的大腦中有大約860億個(gè)神經(jīng)元在持續(xù)工作，以強(qiáng)化有益行為——這種行為能帶來(lái)積極結(jié)果，讓人想再次這樣做。）可知，我們大腦中約有860億個(gè)神經(jīng)元不斷努力加強(qiáng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)行為，這使得人們會(huì)想要重復(fù)受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的行為。由此推知，神經(jīng)元在人們重復(fù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)行為中發(fā)揮著作用。故選B。2.

根據(jù)第五段Forexample,youcanhaveaglassofmilk,whichgivesyoufewercalories,insteadofeatingchocolatejustbeforebedforcomfort.（比如，你可以喝一杯牛奶，它的卡路里更少，而不是在睡前為了舒適而吃巧克力。）可知，此處列舉了一個(gè)例子：在睡前用喝牛奶來(lái)代替吃巧克力。由此猜測(cè)，substitute意為taketheplaceof“代替”。故選A。3.

根據(jù)最后一段Additionally,creatingsocialrewards,likeencouragementandsupportfromacommunitywithsimilargoals,caninspirepositivechanges.（此外，創(chuàng)造社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，比如來(lái)自有相似目標(biāo)的社區(qū)的鼓勵(lì)和支持，能激發(fā)積極的變化。）可知，創(chuàng)造社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以激發(fā)積極的變化。由此推測(cè)，作者可能會(huì)贊同創(chuàng)造社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以幫助人們減少過(guò)度購(gòu)物的欲望。故選D。4.

根據(jù)第二段MindingtheClimate:HowNeuroscienceCanHelpSolveOurEnvironmentalCrisis（《關(guān)注氣候：神經(jīng)科學(xué)如何幫助解決我們的環(huán)境危機(jī)》），第四段However,Duhaimestressesthatourbrainsarenotprogrammedtokeepbuyingmoreandmore.（然而，杜海姆強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們的大腦并非被編程為持續(xù)不斷地購(gòu)買更多東西。），第五段Thebestisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely;abettersolutionmaybetosubstitutetheoldrewardsthatweknowaren'tgoodinthelongrunwithnewones.（最好的做法不是完全停止購(gòu)買東西；一個(gè)更好的解決方案可能是用新的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)替代我們知道從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看不好的舊獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。）和最后一段Buyingusedthingscouldalsohelpsatisfyourdesiretogetmorethingswithoutusingmorenaturalresources...Humansnaturallyliketoconnectwithothers,andthissocialsupportcanleadtomoreeco-friendlychoices.（購(gòu)買二手物品也能幫助滿足我們獲取更多東西而不使用更多自然資源的欲望。此外，創(chuàng)造社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，比如來(lái)自有相似目標(biāo)的社區(qū)的鼓勵(lì)和支持，能激發(fā)積極的變化。人類自然喜歡與他人聯(lián)系，這種社會(huì)支持能帶來(lái)更環(huán)保的選擇。）可知，文中反復(fù)提到了神經(jīng)元、購(gòu)物和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系，我們可以采用更環(huán)保的方式來(lái)代替購(gòu)物促使神經(jīng)元分泌多巴胺，或者購(gòu)買二手貨物來(lái)滿足我們的購(gòu)物欲望。由此推測(cè)，作者的寫作目的是引導(dǎo)人們?cè)谫?gòu)物時(shí)做出環(huán)保的選擇。故選C。31.【答案】【小題1】Theycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottle.【小題2】Theysymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.【小題3】Bymakinguseofsocialmedia.【小題4】I'dlovetotakeit.BecauseinnerpaintingisakindoftraditionalChineseartandpatternsonthepaintingoftensymbolizepeople'swishesforgoodluckandahappylife.【解析】1.

【文章大意】本文主要介紹了內(nèi)畫這一傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，包括它的歷史、流派、特點(diǎn)、制作難度、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及當(dāng)下藝術(shù)家為推動(dòng)其發(fā)展所做的努力，同時(shí)表達(dá)了對(duì)其未來(lái)發(fā)展的期望。根據(jù)第一段Innerpaintingartiststraditionallycreateworksontheinnersurfaceoftheglassbottlebyusingspecialfinebrushesthatcanenterthetinybottles.（在傳統(tǒng)上，內(nèi)畫藝術(shù)家使用能夠進(jìn)入小瓶的特殊細(xì)刷，在玻璃瓶的內(nèi)表面創(chuàng)作作品。）可知，內(nèi)畫藝術(shù)家