考研英語閱讀理解真題

1994年

Text1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproduced

byspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywant

most.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesin

competitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitive

pressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,inthe

Americaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththe

desireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheir

incomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedto

produceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismby

whichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.Inthe

Americaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhich

pricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedby

seller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbe

bidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,

producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethe

supplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmerican

economicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowed

toownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gain

controlovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.Inthe

Americaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipof

productiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceof

aproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine11,Paragraph1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes^^means

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

Text2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcredit

card.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,

acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableas

well.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossible

towithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranch

bankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlesssociety“isnotonthehorizon--ifsalready

here.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemany

advantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyring

upsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andto

whom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsby

showingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorder

orreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecord

whichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnel

andstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferred

customersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersfor

similarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproducts

toemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocess

itself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,

fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservices

toconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase“ringupsales"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans“

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Text3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesame

age.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbe

adaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselves

describingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesour

attention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryof

theplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoften

thekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthe

fullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding--theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatare

passedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethe

strengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthe

cultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationover

thepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,

whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheir

capabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportant

meaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythis

country'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomean

equalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren--

therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,

whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtheright

ofallchildren--disabledornot--toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat

publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schools

aremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,to

thosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

59.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestageto

showthat.

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare

[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptional

children

60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat

[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

61.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren

[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

Text4

“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewellknowinvastdetailhow

cancercellsarise,MsaysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.“But,”he

cautions,Hsomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewill

rapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,

butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable/

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveat

leastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewill

be75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.

Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging--13percentforlungcancer,and2

percentforcancerofthepancreas.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnot

easy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscovered

thatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anything

fromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremains

unknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,

becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmany

cancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.

uChangesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,5,saysoncologistWilliam

Hayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,

“Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”

Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.

HFirst,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehave

todeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealways

responsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,we

cancounteractitsaction?

63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.

[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade

[B]indicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright

[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears

[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered

64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.

[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients

[B]90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving

[C]thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers

[D]therewon'tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients

65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.

[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson

[B]whichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivated

[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells

[D]whichnormalcellscan'tturnoff

66.Theword“dormant”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

[A]dead

[B]ever-present

[C]inactive

[D]potential

Text5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomein

blindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,as

legendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillin

thereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehe

madehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrial

anderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheir

shotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.

Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsat

thegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifference

betweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovators

workconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableor

otherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorssee

assolidpossibilities.

KCreativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere*snoparticularvirtue

indoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone,"wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguage

authority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplastic

garbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"Howcome

nobodythoughtofthatbefore?”

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.

Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.Facedwithgetting

fromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownand

apparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmay

proveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeven

iftheyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtmindninthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.

[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

[D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.

[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysof

doingthings

[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch5spointofview

[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

70.ThephraseHmarchtoadifferentdrummer”(thelastlineofthepassage)suggests

thathighlycreativeindividualsare.

[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

[C]devotedtotheprogressofscience

[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

1995年

Text1

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itserves

directlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishinga

firmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.

Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.By

helpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforean

effectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:without

advertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyour

televisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20per

centmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonable

valueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsof

Parliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproduct

thatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeoplefor

alittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythe

publichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseean

articleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatis

claimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceI

canthinkof.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-known

televisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuades

ratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertising

seekstopersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation--andthatinitselfwouldbe

difficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourof

ashirtissubtlypersuasive--advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayany

attention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesof

advertising?

[A]Securinggreaterfame.

[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.

[B]Providingmorejobs.

[D]Reducingnewspapercost.

53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.

[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising

[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers5attention

[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation

[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising

54.Intheauthor'sopinion,.

[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation

[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover

[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer

[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement

Text2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.

Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcan

easilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhose

gradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseareexamplesof

peoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,

sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongthe

way.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,

theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.

Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperience

theworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotake

risks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.

Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Do

weperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesand

tobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Then

oursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntil

weknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renot

smartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassive

roleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryif

wearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsand

doubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrapped

insideashellofourownmaking.

55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork

[C]heiskeenonleaninganythingnew

[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

56.Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

57.Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line2?3,Para.3)heisreferringto

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

58.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.

[A]curiosityaboutmorechances

[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences

[B]promptnessinself-adaptation

[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

Text3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformational

needsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamily

members,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilyto

resolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvice

toacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWar11.As

familiesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,their

extendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithitthe

confidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyand

reliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsofliving

canbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasual

communicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.The

individualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskof

findingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,

time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentof

technologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreater

speedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakes

itpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogram

computerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethe

sendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombard

peoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerof

communicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.

Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryof

information,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatest

importance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolve

theday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,

willsurviveandsucceed.^Knowledgeispower”maywellbethetruestsayingandaccess

toinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword“it"(line3,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat.

[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously

[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation

[C]theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily

[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily

61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages

[B]itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites

62.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformation

[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

Text4

Personalityistoalargeextentinherent--A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-type

offspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionis

importanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.

OneplacewherechildrensoakupA-characteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsvery

nature,ahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe'winatallcosts*

moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrent

passionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclock

producesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetter

thantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequ