HND 財政預算OUTCOME 34報告 你不過我從此消失

HND財政預算OUTCOME34報告你不過我從此消失!AfinancialanalysisreportforTricolplcOutcome3and4Class;10E6Name:MabodaSCN:125099297CandidateNum:22IntroductionTooperatebetterinfinancialaspect,themanagementofTricolplcaskedmetoanalyzetheirfinancialconditionthenmakerecommendationsforthem.FindingsPartA(ⅰ)Flexbudgetinlinewithactualactivity(ⅱ)Variancescalculation(Standardunitsofactualproduction*standardprice)－(actualquantity*actualprice)(4kg*1,600*￡10)－￡61,600=￡2,400(F)Rateofsignificance:(3.75%)Standardprice*(standardunitsofactualproduction－actualquantity)￡10*[(4kgⅹ1,600)－5,600kg]=￡8,000(F)Rateofsignificance(12.5%)Actualquantity*(standardprice－actualprice)5,600kg*[￡10－(￡61,600/5,600kg)]=￡(5,600)(A)Rateofsignificance:(8.75%)(Standardhoursofactualproduction*standardrateph)-(actualhours*actualrateph)[(2hrs*1,600)*￡9]－￡35,200=￡(6,400)(A)Rateofsignificance:(22.22%)Standardrateph*(standardhoursofactualproduction－actualhours)￡9*(2hrs*1,600－3,520hrs)=(2,880)(A)Rateofsignificance:(10%)Actualhours*(standardrateph–actualrateph)3,520hrs*(￡9*－￡35,200/3,520hrs)=￡(3,520)(A)Rateofsignificance:(12.22%)Totalstandardoverheadforactualproduction－totalactualoverheads(￡18,000/12+￡2,500+￡2,200+￡2,000)-(￡1,500+￡2,500+￡2,200+￡2,400)=￡(400)(A)Rateofsignificance:(3.5%)(ⅲ)Reportaboutvariances?DirectmaterialvarianceThedirectmaterialtotalvariancecanbeanalyzedintwoaspectswhicharedirectmaterialvolumeanddirectmaterialprice.Forvolumeside,ascalculatedabove,thebudgetvolumeis6400kg;theactualvolumeis5600kg.Sothereis800kgvariancewhichisfavorableandeachunitvarianceis0.5kg.Thelikelyreasoncausingthevariancecomesfromthreeaspects.Firstofall,thecompanyupgradedtheproductionmachineryrecently,andnewmachinemayusematerialsefficiently,soitreducedthewasteofmaterials.Secondly,thecompanyswitchedsuppliersandusinghigher-gradematerialscandecreasewasteofmaterialstoo.Finally,thecompanyhasconcludedahigher-than-expectedwagesettlementforproductionoperatives,whichwillmaintainemployeeswithhigherskillsaswellasdecreaseturnoverofemployees,anditalsocanincreaseefficiencyinusingmaterials.Forpriceaspect,thebudgetpriceis￡10perkg,andtheactualpriceis￡11perkg,itisadversethatonepoundoverthebudgetprice.Thecompanyswitchingsuppliersmaycausetheincreaseofnegotiationcost.Theremaybealong-termrelationshipbetweenTricolplcanditsoldsuppliers,sothesuppliersmaytakelotsofdiscountstothefirm.Afterchangingsuppliers,thediscountmaydisappear.Furthermore,highergradematerialsincreasedunitprice.Overall,thetotalmaterialvarianceisfavorable.￡8,000－￡5,600=￡2,400.?DirectlabourvarianceThedirectlabourtotalvarianceiscomposedofdirectlabourefficiencyvarianceanddirectlabourratevariance.Thebudgetdirectlabourhoursare3,200hrsandtheactuallabourhoursare3,520hrs.Therearemore320hrsneededthanthebudget,andeachunitis0.2hrs,whichitisobviouslyadverse.Thecompanyupgradingtheproductionmachinerymayneedtimeforemployeestoadoptit.Also,employeesneedtrainingtime.Therebuildprocessofmachineryconsumedtimetoo.Inaword,thechargeablehourshaveincreased.Thebudgetdirectlaourhoursrateis￡9perhour,theactualhoursrateis￡10perhour.Itisadversethatonepoundhigherthanbudgeted.Itispossiblecausedbybothinternalandexternalfactors.Higher-than-expectedwagesettlementmaybeinternalreasonforthevariance,andnewmachinerymaybeneededtorecruitnewemployeestooperatethemachinery,whichalsocanincreasetheexpense.Forexternalfactors,thechangingoflabourmarketmayincreaselabourcost;thegovernmentlegislationalsocanincreasethelabourcost,forexampleminimumpay.Bothdirectlabourefficiencyanddirectlabourratevariancesareadverse,sothedirectlabourtotalvarianceisadverse.?OverheadvarianceAscalculatedabove,totaloverheadvarianceiscausedbyadministrationandinsurance.Eachfactorhas￡200variance,sothetotaloverheadvarianceis￡400anditisadverse.Duringtheprocessofchangingsupplier,thecompanyneededmoreexpenseonpublicrelationshipornegotiation,inaddition,inordertomaintainthenewmachinery,administrationcostwillbeincreasedtoo.Forinsuranceaside,theimprovementofmachinerywillneedmoreinsurancefeestocover,whichalsocontributestotheincreaseofinsurancefeeofnewemployees.PartB?SelectionandapplicationoftwoinvestmentappraisaltechniquesAsthecompanyiskeentorecoupthecostoftheinvestmentwithinfiveyears,IwillchoosePaybackperiodandNetPresentValuetohelpmecompletetheappraisal.Inordertofulfilltheappraisaleasily,therearesomeassumptionslistedbelowshouldbeconsideredbeforetheappraisal.⑴Allrevenueandinflowareassumedcashflow⑵Allinvestmentcostincurredinyear0⑶Nouncertaintyisconsidered⑷Donotconsiderinflationandtaxation⑸Marketrateofreturnisexpectedrateofreturn⑹RateofreturnisvaryingalongwithtimeNote:require40,000/320,000inyear5=1/8*year=1.5mothsPayback=4years1.5moths?RecommendationaboutinvestmentAccordingtoPaybackPeriodanalysis,theinvestmentcostcanberecoupedinyear4and1.5moths.Inotherwords,theperiodisundercompany’sexpectation.Theprojectcanbeexecuted.However,accordingtoNetPresentValueanalysis,intermsofpresentvalue,withinfiveyears,whattheNPVwillbringnetresultisnetcashlossbutnotnetcashsurplus.Ingeneral,thecompanyshouldconsidertimevalueandotherfactors,sotheprojectshouldnotbeexecuted.?FactorsimpactontheinvestmentshouldbeconsideredVariousfactorswillimpactonresultofinvestment.Iwilloutlinefactorsshouldbeconsideredwhenthemanagementreviewingmyrecommendationinfinancialandnon-financialfactors.?FinancialfactorAsdistributionarmisfinanciallong-termbeneficialproject,itcanbeusedinlong-termperiodandbringbenefitscontinuous.Theinvestmentcostis￡1,000,000,whichcanbeconsideredalargeinvestment.Soitmorelikelyneedslongperiodpaybackperiod.Themanagementshouldfocusonlongercashflowsforlongerperiodoffuture.Ontheotherhand,NetPresentValueinyearfiveis(28,000)onlytake2.8%percentsoftheinvestmentcost,itismorelikelysurplusinyearsix.Anotherfinancialfactorissourceofmillionpounds.Ifitisinternalsource,themanagementmainlyconcentrateonopportunitiesc