材料英語詞匯

材料英語詞匯專業(yè)詞匯列表

晶體結構（structureofcrystal）原子質量單位Atomicmassunit(amu)

原子量Atomicweight鍵能Bondingenergy

共價鍵Covalentbond電子構型electronicconfiguration

正電的Electropositive氫鍵Hydrogenbond

同位素Isotope摩爾Mole

泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom

分子量moleculeweight量子數quantumnumber

范德華鍵vanderwaalsbond點群pointgroup各向異性anisotropy

體心立方結構body-centeredcubic(BCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw晶體結構crystalstructure

晶體的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary

鮑林規(guī)則Pauling’srulesCsCl型結構CaesiumChloridestructure

纖鋅礦型結構Wurtzitestructure螢石型結構Fluoritestructure

尖晶石型結構Spinel-typestructure島狀結構Islandstructure層狀結構Layerstructure

滑石talc高嶺石kaolinite長石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice

密勒指數millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子數Atomicnumber

波爾原子模型Bohratomicmodel庫侖力Coulombicforce分子的構型molecularconfiguration負電的Electronegative基態(tài)Groundstate離子鍵Ionicbond金屬鍵Metallicbond

分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable極性分子Polarmolecule

價電子valenceelectron電子軌道electronorbitals對稱要素symmetryelements

原子堆積因數atomicpackingfactor(APF)面心立方結構face-centeredcubic(FCC)

配位數coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction

電子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆積hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)

顯微照相photomicrograph透射電子顯微鏡transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)

四方的tetragonal配位數coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)價valence

共價鍵covalentbonding離子鍵Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity

合金alloy顯微結構microstructure掃描電子顯微鏡scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)

重量百分數weightpercent單斜的monoclinic晶體結構缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)

缺陷defect,imperfection線缺陷linedefect,dislocation體缺陷volumedefect

位錯線dislocationline螺位錯screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries

小角度晶界tiltboundary,位錯陣列dislocationarray位錯軸dislocationaxis

位錯爬移dislocationclimb位錯滑移dislocationslip位錯裂紋dislocationcrack

位錯密度dislocationdensity間隙原子interstitialatom間隙位置interstitialsites

弗倫克爾缺陷Frenkeldisorder主晶相thehostlattice締合中心AssociatedCenters.

電子空穴ElectronHoles克羅各-明克符號KrogerVinknotation

固溶體solidsolution化合物compound

置換固溶體substitutionalsolidsolution不混溶固溶體immisciblesolidsolution

有序固溶體orderedsolidsolution固溶強化solidsolutionstrengthening

點缺陷pointdefect面缺陷interfacedefect位錯排列dislocationarrangement

刃位錯edgedislocation混合位錯mixeddislocation大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries

孿晶界twinboundaries位錯氣團dislocationatmosphere位錯胞dislocationcell

位錯聚結dislocationcoalescence位錯核心能量dislocationcoreenergy

位錯阻尼dislocationdamping原子錯位substitutionofawrongatom

晶格空位vacantlatticesites雜質impurities肖脫基缺陷Schottkydisorder

錯位原子misplacedatoms自由電子FreeElectrons

伯格斯矢量Burgers中性原子neutralatom

固溶度solidsolubility間隙固溶體interstitialsolidsolution

金屬間化合物intermetallics轉熔型固溶體peritecticsolidsolution

無序固溶體disorderedsolidsolution取代型固溶體Substitutionalsolidsolutions

過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolidsolution非化學計量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound

表面結構與性質(structureandpropertyofsurface)表面surface

同相界面homophaseboundary

晶界grainboundary

小角度晶界lowanglegrainboundary

共格孿晶界coherenttwinboundary

錯配度mismatch

重構reconstuction

表面能surfaceenergy

扭轉晶界twistgrainboundary

共格界面coherentboundary

非共格界面noncoherentboundary

應變能strainenergy

慣習面habitplane

界面interface

異相界面heterophaseboundary

表面能surfaceenergy

大角度晶界highanglegrainboundary

晶界遷移grainboundarymigration

馳豫relaxation

表面吸附surfaceadsorption

傾轉晶界titltgrainboundary

倒易密度reciprocaldensity

半共格界面semi-coherentboundary

界面能interfacialfreeenergy

晶體學取向關系crystallographicorientation

非晶態(tài)結構與性質(structureandpropertyofuncrystalline)

熔體結構structureofmelt

玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate

粘度viscosity

介穩(wěn)態(tài)過渡相metastablephase

淬火quenching

玻璃分相phaseseparationinglasses

過冷液體supercoolingmelt

軟化溫度softeningtemperature

表面張力Surfacetension

組織constitution

退火的softened

體積收縮volumeshrinkage

擴散(diffusion)

活化能activationenergy

濃度梯度concentrationgradient

菲克第二定律Fick’ssecondlaw

穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散steadystatediffusion

擴散系數diffusioncoefficient

填隙機制interstitalcymechanism

短路擴散short-circuitdiffusion

下坡擴散Downhilldiffusion

擴散通量diffusionflux

菲克第一定律Fick’sfirstlaw

相關因子correlationfactor

非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散nonsteady-statediffusion

跳動幾率jumpfrequency

晶界擴散grainboundarydiffusion

上坡擴散uphilldiffusion

互擴散系數Mutualdiffusion

滲碳劑carburizing

濃度分布曲線concentrationprofile

驅動力drivingforce

自擴散self-diffusion

空位擴散vacancydiffusion

擴散方程diffusionequation

擴散特性diffusionproperty

達肯方程Darkequation

本征熱缺陷Intrinsicthermaldefect

離子電導率Ion-conductivity

濃度梯度concentrationgradient

擴散流量diffusionflux

間隙擴散interstitialdiffusion

表面擴散surfacediffusion

擴散偶diffusioncouple

擴散機理diffusionmechanism

無規(guī)行走Randomwalk

柯肯達爾效應Kirkendallequation

本征擴散系數Intrinsicdiffusioncoefficient

空位機制Vacancyconcentration

腐蝕與氧化（corrodingandoxidation）

氧化反應Oxidationreaction

還原反應Reductionreaction

價電子Valenceelectron

腐蝕介質Corrodingsolution

電動勢Electricpotential

推動力Thedrivingforce

腐蝕系統Corrodingsystem

腐蝕速度Corrosionpenetrationrate

電流密度Currentdensity

電化學反應Electrochemicalreaction

極化作用Polarization

過電位Theovervoltage

濃差極化Concentrationpolarization

電化學極化Activationpolarization

極化曲線Polarizationcurve

緩蝕劑Inhibitor

原電池galvaniccell

電偶腐蝕galvaniccorrosion

電位序galvanicseries

應力腐蝕Stresscorrosion

沖蝕Erosion-corrosion

腐蝕短裂Corrosioncracking

防腐劑Corrosionremover

腐蝕電極Corrosiontarget

隙間腐蝕Crevicecorrosion

均勻腐蝕Uniformattack

晶間腐蝕Intergranularcorrosion

焊縫破壞Welddecay

選擇性析出Selectiveleaching

氫脆損壞Hydrogenembitterment

陰極保護Catholicprotection

穿晶斷裂Intergranularfracture

固相反應和燒結(solidstatereactionandsintering)

固相反應solidstatereaction

燒成fire

再結晶Recrystallization

成核nucleation

子晶，雛晶mattedcrystal

異質核化heterogeneousnucleation

鐵碳合金iron-carbonalloy

鐵素體ferrite

共晶反應eutecticreaction

燒結sintering

合金alloy

二次再結晶Secondaryrecrystallization

結晶crystallization

耔晶取向seedorientation

均勻化熱處理homogenizationheattreatment

滲碳體cementite

奧氏體austenite

固溶處理solutionheattreatment

相變(phasetransformation)

過冷supercooling

晶核nucleus

形核功nucleationenergy

均勻形核homogeneousnucleation

形核率nucleationrate

熱力學函數thermodynamicsfunction

臨界晶核criticalnucleus

枝晶偏析dendriticsegregation

平衡分配系數equilibriumdistributioncoefficient

成分過冷constitutionalsupercooling

共晶組織eutecticstructure

偽共晶pseudoeutectic

表面等軸晶區(qū)chillzone

中心等軸晶區(qū)equiaxedcrystalzone

急冷技術splatcooling

單晶提拉法Czochralskimethod

位錯形核dislocationnucleation

斯賓那多分解spinodaldecomposition

馬氏體相變martensitephasetransformation

成核機理nucleationmechanism

過冷度degreeofsupercooling

形核nucleation

晶體長大crystalgrowth

非均勻形核heterogeneousnucleation

長大速率growthrate

臨界晶核半徑criticalnucleusradius

局部平衡localizedequilibrium

有效分配系數effectivedistributioncoefficient

引領（領先）相l(xiāng)eadingphase

層狀共晶體lamellareutectic

離異共晶divorsedeutectic

柱狀晶區(qū)columnarzone

定向凝固unidirectionalsolidification

區(qū)域提純zonerefining

晶界形核boundarynucleation

晶核長大nucleigrowth

有序無序轉變disordered-ordertransition

馬氏體martensite

成核勢壘nucleationbarrier

相平衡與相圖（PhaseequilibriumandPhasediagrams）

相圖phasediagrams

組分component

相律Phaserule

濃度三角形Concentrationtriangle

成分composition

相平衡phaseequilibrium

熱力學thermodynamics

吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule

吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy

吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy

熱力學函數thermodynamicsfunction

過冷supercooling

杠桿定律leverrule

相界線phaseboundaryline

共軛線conjugatelines

相界反應phaseboundaryreaction

相組成phasecomposition

金相相組織phaseconstentuent

相襯顯微鏡phasecontrastmicroscope

相分布phasedi