福建省廈門市高二上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)質(zhì)檢卷

廈門市20232024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二年級(jí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分五部分，共12頁(yè)。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等信息填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3．考試結(jié)束，考生將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1．Whyisthewomanupset?A．Shehasahandinjury.B．Herfriendwillmoveoutsoon.C．Herfriendcan’thelpwiththemove.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheisahousewife.B．Sheenjoysthework.C．Shehasalotofsparetime.3．Whatisspecialaboutthisyear’sceremony?A．Studentssangtwosongs.B．Studentswrotethesongs.C．Studentsplayedthemusic.4．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheresultoftheinterview?A．Amusing.B．Surprising.C．Disappointing.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theweather.B．Thegirl’saunt.C．Thegirl’sclassmate.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whywillthewomanbeabsentfromthefamilyreunion?A．Shehasatimeconflict.B．Shedoesn’twanttomeetBill.C．Shedidn’treceivetheinvitation.7．Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?A．Spendtimewiththewoman.B．Clearupamisunderstanding.C．SettledowninNewYork.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．HowdoesSamfeelnow?A．Relaxed.B．Depressed.C．Satisfied.9．Whatwillthewomando?A．CallSam.B．Visittheman.C．Takeanexam.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatkindoflifedidthemanlive?A．Colorful.B．Stressful.C．Peaceful.11．Whathelpsthewomanfixmildproblems?A．Sharing.B．Stayingcalm.C．Keepinghonest.12．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Liveinthevillage.B．Changehisjob.C．Balanceworkandhealth.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Cousins.B．Friends.C．Neighbors.14．Whichfloordoesthewomanliveon?A．The3rdfloor.B．The4thfloor.C．The5thfloor.15．Howoftenistherooftoppartyheld?A．Daily.B．Weekly.C．Monthly.16．Whohelpedthewomanmovethings?A．Amover.B．Paul.C．Herbrother.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Airingapieceofnews.B．Promotingcoolingdevices.C．Announcingresearchresults.18．Whatwillprobablyhappennextweek?A．Theweatherwillgetwarmer.B．Theelectricitycostwillincrease.C．Theelectricitydemandwilldecrease.19．Whatpercentageofenergymayimproveddevicessave?A．30%.B．20%.C．10%.20．Whatisthespeaker’ssuggestion?A．Poweringoffunuseddevices.B．Contactingtheindustryexperts.C．Replacingtheuseddevices.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFoodbookscanbringaculturetolife.Thefollowingfoodbooksareburstingwithdeliciousfood,aswellasentertainingandengagingstorytelling.PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easytocookrecipeslikebakedgingerchiliplantainkelewele.HeexplainshowsomanydishesandingredientsfromtheAmericanSouthandotherregionscantracetheirorigintoWestAfrica.The80recipesareaccessibleandpresentarangeoftraditionalandmoderntakesonthecuisine.FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.Thisbookincludeshistory,philosophy,cookingtechniques,andDunlop’sonthegroundresearchconductedoverthreedecadestopresentafascinatingexplorationofthiseverchangingcuisine.TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.Thisisn’twhatyou’dcallabeautifulcoffeetablestylecookbook—it’spracticalandthecreativesecretswithinaretrulymindblowing.NatashaPickowiczisaninnovativechef.MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(層)cake.Asidefromgreatbakingrecipes,thiscookbooktriestoliveuptoitsnamebysharinghowbakingcanprovidesomuchmorethanjusttastysweets—itcangivemunity,purpose,joyandlove.1.WhoexploresChinesefoodcultureinthecookbook?A.PierreThiam. B.FuchsiaDunlop.C.TamarAdler. D.NatashaPickowicz.2.WhatdoSimplyWestAfricanandTheEverlastingMealCookbookhaveinmon?A.Theyarethewriters’latestbooks. B.Theyadvocatelowerfoodwaste.C.Theyhavethesamenumberofrecipes. D.TheyaimtoshareWestAfricandishes.3.Whichbookfavorscakebakinglovers?A.SimplyWestAfrican. B.InvitationtoaBanquet.C.TheEverlastingMealCookbook. D.MoreThanCake.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。美食書籍可以將一種文化帶入生活。文章介紹了幾本美食書，里面充滿了美味的食物，以及有趣和引人入勝的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.(FuchsiaDunlop的書探討了麻婆豆腐、湯團(tuán)和東坡肉等經(jīng)典中國(guó)菜肴)”可知，F(xiàn)uchsiaDunlop在這本烹飪書中探索中國(guó)飲食文化。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easytocookrecipeslikebakedgingerchiliplantainkelewele.(PierreThiam的新書旨在分享日常、容易烹飪的食譜，比如烤姜椒大蕉燉菜)”及“TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.(TamarAdler在她的新書中試圖讓剩菜更有吸引力，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中減少食物浪費(fèi)，這本書包含了大約1500種食譜)”可知，SimplyWestAfrican和TheEverlastingMealCookbook的共同特點(diǎn)是他們都是作者最新的書籍。故選A線【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一本書中的“MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(層)cake(MoreThanCake是她的第一本烹飪書，里面有很多寶貴的技巧，比如如何制作層蛋糕)”可知，蛋糕烘焙愛(ài)好者青睞于MoreThanCake。故填D項(xiàng)。BThelivingroomiscleared.Thehosttapsawineglasswithaknife,andpeoplefilein,fillingthesofasandchairsthatarepushedupagainstthewalls.Sooneveryseatinthehouseistaken,andabottleofschnappsispassedaround.LyonHansen,whominutesbeforewasknockingaboutinthekitchen,walksoverandpicksupaguitarandstartstoplay.Hoymahasbegun.Foronenight,homeownersprimarilyinSydrugota,asmalltownontheFaroeIslands,opentheirdoors,invitingfriends,familyandtouristsintoenjoyintimate(親密的)concertsbylocalartists.Thetraditiondatesbacknearly500yearstoatimewhenFaroeselifehadtomoveundergroundduetoDanishrule.Thecultureandthelanguagewaskeptaliveinpeople’slivingrooms,wheretheygatheredtosingandtellstories.ThemodernHoymaconcertseriesstartedasanoffshoot(分支)oftheG!Festival,anannualmusicaleventonthebeachesofEysturoyeverysummersince2002.Around2007,G!Festival’screatorJónTyril,exhaustedbyalltheredtape(繁文縟節(jié))thatcamewithputtingonabigmusicfestival,startedtodreamalittlesmaller.Specifically,hestartedtothinkabouttinyconcertsheldinlivingrooms—nosoundsystemsorspotlights,theaudiencemadeupofasmanypeopleascanfitinsideahouse.Theidearesoundedinhismind,notonlybecauseitdidn’tinvolveanyheavylifting,physicallyormentally,butalsobecauseitwentbacktothelongstandingFaroesetradition.Since2007,Hoymahasfeatured20concertsintendifferentfamilyhomesinSydrugota.ForLaksá,hostingtheconcertsisnotonlyfun,butawaytogiveback,andtoensuretheislandssurviveinthemodernworld.Asinmanyfamilies,herdaughtersgrewupandlefttheFaroes.“TheystudiedintheU.K.fornineyears,butbothcameback,”shesays.“IactuallythinkthatHoymaispartlythereasonwhymanychildrenfromthisvillagethatgoabroadeback.Theyareproudofit.”4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bypresentingascene. B.Byevaluatinganargument.C.Byclarifyingaconcept. D.Bymakinganassumption.5.WhencanthetraditionofHoymabetracedto?A.AstagewhentheG!FestivalwasneededbytheFaroese.B.Aperiodwhenonlylocalartistswereallowedtoperform.C.Anoccasionwhenpeoplecelebratedtheencounterswithtourists.D.AtimewhenfreedomoftheFaroesewaslimitedbecauseofDanishrule.6.WhatdoesJónTyrilthinkofhomeconcerts?A.Economicalandvaried. B.Convenientandentirelyoriginal.CAccessibleandprofitable. D.Simpleandculturallyattached.7.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningLaksáandherdaughters?A.Hoymacontributestothesurvivaloftheislands.BHoymareflectstheaffectionbetweenmotherandchildren.C.Hoymaisgainingpopularityacrosstheglobeinmoderntimes.D.Hoymabeesentertainingwiththeinvolvementoftheyoung.【答案】4.A5.D6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了法羅群島的小型家庭音樂(lè)會(huì)——Hoyma音樂(lè)會(huì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thelivingroomiscleared.Thehosttapsawineglasswithaknife,andpeoplefilein,fillingthesofasandchairsthatarepushedupagainstthewalls.Sooneveryseatinthehouseistaken,andabottleofschnappsispassedaround.LyonHansen,whominutesbeforewasknockingaboutinthekitchen,walksoverandpicksupaguitarandstartstoplay.Hoymahasbegun.(客廳被清空了。主人用刀敲了敲酒杯，人們魚貫而入，填滿了靠墻的沙發(fā)和椅子。很快，房子里的每個(gè)座位都被占滿了，一瓶杜松子酒被傳來(lái)傳去。幾分鐘前正在廚房里閑逛的LyonHansen走了過(guò)來(lái)，拿起吉他開(kāi)始演奏。Hoyma已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。)”可知，第一段描寫了一場(chǎng)Hoyma小型家庭音樂(lè)會(huì)開(kāi)始的場(chǎng)景，從而引出本文要談?wù)摰膶?duì)象——Hoyma音樂(lè)會(huì)。故填A(yù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thetraditiondatesbacknearly500yearstoatimewhenFaroeselifehadtomoveundergroundduetoDanishrule.(這一傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到近500年前，當(dāng)時(shí)由于丹麥的統(tǒng)治，法羅群島的生活不得不轉(zhuǎn)入地下。)”可知，Hoyma音樂(lè)會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到丹麥統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)法羅群島的人們被限制了自由，不得不轉(zhuǎn)入地下。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Specifically,hestartedtothinkabouttinyconcertsheldinlivingrooms—nosoundsystemsorspotlights,theaudiencemadeupofasmanypeopleascanfitinsideahouse.Theidearesoundedinhismind,notonlybecauseitdidn’tinvolveanyheavylifting,physicallyormentally,butalsobecauseitwentbacktothelongstandingFaroesetradition.(具體來(lái)說(shuō)，他開(kāi)始考慮在客廳里舉行的小型音樂(lè)會(huì)——沒(méi)有音響系統(tǒng)或聚光燈，觀眾由可容納進(jìn)房子的盡可能多的人組成。這個(gè)想法在他的腦海中回響，不僅因?yàn)樗簧婕叭魏紊眢w或精神上吃力的工作，還因?yàn)樗氐搅碎L(zhǎng)期的法羅群島傳統(tǒng)。)”可知，JónTyril考慮到了家庭音樂(lè)會(huì)的簡(jiǎn)單和文化相關(guān)性。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Laksá,hostingtheconcertsisnotonlyfun,butawaytogiveback,andtoensuretheislandssurviveinthemodernworld.Asinmanyfamilies,herdaughtersgrewupandlefttheFaroes.‘TheystudiedintheU.K.fornineyears,butbothcameback,’shesays.‘IactuallythinkthatHoymaispartlythereasonwhymanychildrenfromthisvillagethatgoabroadeback.Theyareproudofit.’(對(duì)Laksá來(lái)說(shuō)，舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)不僅很有趣，也是一種回饋和確保這些島嶼在現(xiàn)代世界中生存下來(lái)的方式。和許多家庭一樣，她的女兒們長(zhǎng)大后離開(kāi)了法羅群島?！麄?cè)谟?guó)學(xué)習(xí)了九年，但都回來(lái)了，’她說(shuō)。‘事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為Hoyma是這個(gè)村莊許多出國(guó)的孩子回來(lái)的部分原因。他們?yōu)榇烁械津湴?。?”可知，Laksá認(rèn)為舉辦Hoyma音樂(lè)會(huì)不僅很有趣，也是一種回饋和確保這些島嶼在現(xiàn)代世界中生存下來(lái)的方式，并講述了她的女兒們出國(guó)留學(xué)后又回到法羅群島的事情，認(rèn)為這與Hoyma有密切的關(guān)系，由此可推測(cè)出，作者提到Laksá和女兒們的事情是為了表明Hoyma幫助法羅群島在現(xiàn)代生活中生存下來(lái)。故選A。CWhenIfirstmetNaoJunior,hewasinhis40sandoneofonlyninemembersofhisIndigenous(土著的)group,GreatAndamanese,whostillspoketheidiomofhisancestors.Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.Wordsinthislanguageconsistedoftwoclasses:freeandbound.Thefreewordswereallnounsthatreferredtotheenvironmentanditsinhabitants,suchasrafor“pig”.Theycouldoccuralone.Theboundwordswerenouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsthatalwaysexistedwithmarkersindicatingarelationtootherobjects,eventsorstates.Themarkerscamefromsevenzonesofthebodyandwereattachedtoarootwordtodescribeconceptssuchas“inside”,“outside”,“upper”and“l(fā)ower”.Forexample,themorpheme(詞素)er,whichqualifiedmostanythinghavingtodowithanouterbodypart,couldbestucktochotoyieldercho,meaning“head”.Justasahead,aboundword,couldnotconceptuallyexistonitsown,themodeandeffectofanactioncouldnotbedividedfromtheverbdescribingtheaction.GreatAndamanesehadnowordsforagriculturebutagreatmanyforhuntingandfishing,mainlywithabowandarrow.Thus,therootwordshile,meaning“toaim”,hadseveralversions:utshile,toaimfromabove;arashile,toaimfromadistance;andeshile,aimingtomakeaholewithasharpobject.Thestudiesestablishedthatthelanguageseemstobetrulyoldinorigin.Inamultistageprocessofdevelopment,wordsdescribingdiversebodypartshadchangedintomorphemesreferringtodifferentzonesandbinedwithcontentwordstoyieldmeaning.Thestructurealoneprovidesaninsightintoanancientworldviewinwhichthemacrocosm(宏觀世界)reflectsthemicrocosm,andeverythingthatisorthathappensinseparablyconnectstoeverythingelse.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthor’sstayontheislands?A.Tomeetwithanoldfriend. B.ToteachIndigenousidioms.C.Torecordanancientlanguage. D.Totraceherancestors.9.“Aimatapig’sheadfromafar”inGreatAndamanesemaybe______.A.Arashileraercho B.ArashileerchoC.Eshileercho D.Eshileraercho10.WhatcanweinferfromtheverbsinGreatAndamanese?A.Averbcoulddescribemorethanoneaction. B.Someoftheverbscouldbeusedontheirown.C.Thelocalsprobablyliveoffseafoodandmeat. D.Thetoolsusedinpeople’sdailylifearediverse.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.GreatAndamaneseistheoriginofmultiplelanguages.B.GreatAndamaneseisadoorwaytotheancientwisdom.C.GreatAndamanesetellsthedevelopmentofthemunity.DHumanbodyshapesGreatAndamanese’suniqueworldview.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)描述大安達(dá)曼人語(yǔ)言中的詞匯分類、詞根和詞綴的組合方式，展現(xiàn)了這種語(yǔ)言背后蘊(yùn)含的豐富文化和歷史內(nèi)涵。同時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)土著語(yǔ)言和文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和重視的重要性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.(作為一名語(yǔ)言專家，我研究了80多種印度語(yǔ)言。我在島上記錄土著居民的聲音，直到他它們漸漸消失。)”可知，作者在島上停留的目的是記錄一種古老的語(yǔ)言。故選C。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“suchas

ra

for“pig”(比如ra代表“豬”)

”和“ercho,meaning“head”(ercho意思是“頭”)

”和第三段的“arashile,toaimfromadistance(Arashile表示“從遠(yuǎn)處瞄準(zhǔn)”)”可知，“Aimatapig’sheadfromafar(從遠(yuǎn)處瞄準(zhǔn)豬頭)”在大安達(dá)曼語(yǔ)中對(duì)應(yīng)的是Arashileraercho。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“GreatAndamanesehadnowordsforagriculturebutagreatmanyforhuntingandfishing.

(大安達(dá)曼人沒(méi)有關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)的詞匯，但有很多關(guān)于狩獵和捕魚的詞匯。)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡芤院ｕr和肉類為生。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thestudiesestablishedthatthelanguageseemstobetrulyoldinorigin.Inamultistageprocessofdevelopment,wordsdescribingdiversebodypartshadchangedintomorphemesreferringtodifferentzonesandbinedwithcontentwordstoyieldmeaning.Thestructurealoneprovidesaninsightintoanancientworldviewinwhichthemacrocosmreflectsthemicrocosm,andeverythingthatisorthathappensinseparablyconnectstoeverythingelse.(這些研究證實(shí)，這種語(yǔ)言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一個(gè)多階段的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，描述不同身體部位的詞語(yǔ)變成了指代不同區(qū)域的語(yǔ)素，并與實(shí)義詞結(jié)合產(chǎn)生意義。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)本身就提供了一種對(duì)古代世界觀的洞察，在這種世界觀中，宏觀世界反映了微觀世界，所有存在或發(fā)生的事情都與其他事物不可分割地聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，本段主要講的是通過(guò)研究大安達(dá)曼語(yǔ)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)古代的世界觀，即打開(kāi)古老智慧的大門。故選B。DAworkingsemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體)hasbeencreatedfromgraphene(石墨烯)potentiallylayingthefoundationforanewtypeofputerwithgreaterspeedandefficiencythantoday’ssiliconchips(硅基芯片)allow.Graphene,amaterialmadefromasinglelayerofcarbonatoms,isagoodelectricalconductorresistanttoheatandacids.Butaworkinggraphenesemiconductorwhichcanbecontrolledtoconductorseparateelectricityatwill,hasevadedscientists.Suchsemiconductorsarekeytocreatingthelogicchipsthatpowerputers.Theproblemhasbeenthelackofwhatisknownasabandgap.Semiconductorshavebandsofhigherandlowerenergiesandapoint—thebandgap—atwhichexcitedelectronscanjumpfromonetotheother.Thiseffectivelyallowstheflowofcurrenttobeswitchedonandoff,soitiseitherconductingornotconducting,creatingthebinarysystemofzeroesandonesusedindigitalputers.Now,WalterdeHeerattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandhiscolleagueshavecreatedgraphenewithabandgapanddemonstratedaworkingtransistor,anon/offswitchthateitherpreventsorallowscurrenttoflowthroughit.DeHeersaidtheelectricalpropertiesofagraphenesemiconductorwerefarbetterthanthoseofsiliconchips.“It’slikedrivingonarockyroadversusdrivingonafreeway,”hesaid.Siliconchipsarecheaptomakeandbackedbyextensiveproductionfacilities,butwearereachingtheirlimits.Moore’slawstatesthenumberoftransistorsinacircuitwilldoubleroughlyeverytwoyears,buttherateofdownsizinghasslowedrecentlyasengineersreachcircuitconcentrationbeyondwhichelectronscan’tbereliablycontrolled.“Youcanuseallthetechnologythewholesemiconductorindustryistotallyfortablewithtoscaleupthisprocess,”saysDavidCareyattheUniversityofSurrey,UK.Buthesuspectstheworldwillsoonshifttographenechips,becausesiliconhassuchaheadstart.“Mostpeopleworkingonsiliconarebombeddailybynew,wonderfulmaterialsthatareabouttoreplaceitandnoneofit’severhappened,”hesays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evaded”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Surprised. B.Attracted. C.Annoyed. D.Puzzled.13.Whyisabandgapcrucial?A.Itexcitesthejumpofelectrons. B.Itcreatesthesystemofzerosandones.C.Itbalancesthehigherandlowerenergies. D.Itallowstheonandoffofthecurrentflow.14.Whatadvantagemightgraphenesemiconductorhaveoversiliconchips?A.Superiorelectricalcharacteristics. B.Strongerproductionsupport.C.Lowerdevelopmentcost. D.Slowerdownsizingrate.15.WhatmaybeDavid’sattitudetographenechips’applicationinthenearfuture?A.Uncaring. B.Favorable. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了由石墨烯制成的功能半導(dǎo)體，這可能為未來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)速度更快、效率更高的新型計(jì)算機(jī)奠定基礎(chǔ)。【12題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。But前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)前一句“Graphene,amaterialmadefromasinglelayerofcarbonatoms,isagoodelectricalconductorresistanttoheatandacids.(石墨烯是一種由單層碳原子制成的材料，是一種耐熱耐酸的良好導(dǎo)電體)”可知，前面講述了石墨烯的特征和作為導(dǎo)電體的良好性能，所以后文應(yīng)講述石墨烯一直以來(lái)沒(méi)有被開(kāi)發(fā)成導(dǎo)電體的問(wèn)題，再結(jié)合第三段中的“Theproblemhasbeenthelackofwhatisknownasabandgap.(問(wèn)題是缺乏所謂的帶隙)”可推知，由于帶隙的問(wèn)題，這種可以隨意被控制導(dǎo)電或斷電的功能石墨烯半導(dǎo)體難倒了科學(xué)家。evade意為“使難倒”，與puzzle(使困惑)意思最接近。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Semiconductorshavebandsofhigherandlowerenergiesandapoint—thebandgap—atwhichexcitedelectronscanjumpfromonetotheother.Thiseffectivelyallowstheflowofcurrenttobeswitchedonandoff,soitiseitherconductingornotconducting,creatingthebinarysystemofzeroesandonesusedindigitalputers.(半導(dǎo)體有較高和較低能量的帶，還有一個(gè)點(diǎn)——帶隙——在這個(gè)點(diǎn)上，被激發(fā)的電子可以從一個(gè)帶跳到另一個(gè)帶。這有效地允許電流的開(kāi)啟和關(guān)閉，因此它要么導(dǎo)通，要么不導(dǎo)通，從而創(chuàng)建了數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)中使用的零和一的二進(jìn)制系統(tǒng))”可知，帶隙能夠讓被激發(fā)的電子從一個(gè)帶跳到另一個(gè)帶，可以有效地允許電流的開(kāi)啟和關(guān)閉，因此它非常關(guān)鍵。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“DeHeersaidtheelectricalpropertiesofagraphenesemiconductorwerefarbetterthanthoseofsiliconchips.(DeHeer說(shuō)，石墨烯半導(dǎo)體的電學(xué)性能遠(yuǎn)好于硅芯片)”可知，石墨烯半導(dǎo)體比硅芯片有更好的電學(xué)性能。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Buthesuspectstheworldwillsoonshifttographenechips,becausesiliconhassuchaheadstart.(但他懷疑世界很快就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向石墨烯芯片，因?yàn)楣栌腥绱祟I(lǐng)先的優(yōu)勢(shì))”可推測(cè)出，對(duì)于不久的將來(lái)石墨烯芯片得到應(yīng)用的可能性，他持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Althoughmanyofusmayacceptintheorythatfailureisanecessaryponentofalllearningandgrowth,inpractice,___16___.Wemayknowthatweneedagrowthmindsetinordertodevelop,butfailureremainsanexperiencethatisoftenassociatedwithshame.Therearevariousreasonswhywemayfearfailure.___17___.Whenwefailatsomething,ourselfimagesuffers.Wemayfeelworthless,andwemaycriticizeourselvesforourfailure.Ifwefailpublicly,ourfailurewillbevisibletoothers.Wemayfearotherpeople’sjudgment.Wemayfearthatourfailurewillimpactorendourcareer,orelsethatitwilldamageourfame.How,then,canweovereourfearoffailuresothatwecantrulybenefitfromwhatfailinghastoteachus?___18___.Remindingyourselfthatthereisnogrowthwithoutfailure—nolearning,nodevelopment,nonewexperiences—canhelpyouseewhatyoudislikeinanewlight.Beopentolearningfromfailureforoveralldevelopment.___19___.Trytolearnanewskillorhobby—asport,cooking,dancing,drawing,playinganinstrument—andbekindtoyourselfinthelearningprocess.Mindfullyallowyourselftofail,totryagain,tofailagainbutbetter,andtryagain,untilyougetsomewhere.Keepalittlediaryinwhichyourecordwhatyourfailureshavetaughtyou.Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwhenyoufail,askyourself:WhatcanIlearnfromthisexperience?Andremember:___20___.A.wecaneasilymakethemostofitB.LookatyourattitudesaboutfailingC.weoftenstrugglegreatlywithfailingD.BuildyourfailuremusclegentlyinasafespaceE.FearmaypreventyoufromseekingnewexperiencesF.Whileitishardtofail,itismuchworsenevertohavetriedtosucceedG.Perhapsthemostmonisthatourselfworthtendstobetiedtosuccess【答案】16.C17.G18.B19.D20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了一些面對(duì)失敗的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Althoughmanyofusmayacceptintheorythatfailureisanecessaryponentofalllearningandgrowth,inpractice(雖然我們中的許多人可能在理論上接受失敗是所有學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的必要組成部分，但在實(shí)踐中)”以及后文“Wemayknowthatweneedagrowthmindsetinordertodevelop,butfailureremainsanexperiencethatisoftenassociatedwithshame.(我們可能知道，為了發(fā)展，我們需要一種成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)，但失敗仍然是一種經(jīng)常與羞恥聯(lián)系在一起的經(jīng)歷)”可知，上文although表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明許多人明白接受失敗是所有學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的必要組成部分，但是在實(shí)踐中還是會(huì)因?yàn)槭「械酵纯唷９蔆選項(xiàng)“我們經(jīng)常為失敗而苦苦掙扎”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Therearevariousreasonswhywemayfearfailure.(我們害怕失敗的原因有很多)”以及后文“Whenwefailatsomething,ourselfimagesuffers.Wemayfeelworthless,andwemaycriticizeourselvesforourfailure.(當(dāng)我們?cè)谀臣律鲜r(shí)，我們的自我形象就會(huì)受到影響。我們可能會(huì)覺(jué)得自己毫無(wú)價(jià)值，我們可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱氖《u(píng)自己)”可知，本句承接上文說(shuō)明我們害怕失敗的原因是什么。G選項(xiàng)中selfworth對(duì)應(yīng)后文worthless。故G選項(xiàng)“也許最常見(jiàn)的是我們的自我價(jià)值傾向于與成功聯(lián)系在一起”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Remindingyourselfthatthereisnogrowthwithoutfailure—nolearning,nodevelopment,nonewexperiences—canhelpyouseewhatyoudislikeinanewlight.Beopentolearningfromfailureforoveralldevelopment.(提醒自己沒(méi)有失敗就沒(méi)有成長(zhǎng)——沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)，沒(méi)有發(fā)展，沒(méi)有新的經(jīng)歷——可以幫助你以新的眼光看待你不喜歡的東西。為了全面的發(fā)展，愿意從失敗中學(xué)習(xí))”可知，后文主要說(shuō)明了用新的眼光看待失敗，從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，即用新的態(tài)度對(duì)待失敗。故B選項(xiàng)“看看你對(duì)失敗的態(tài)度”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Trytolearnanewskillorhobby—asport,cooking,dancing,drawing,playinganinstrument—andbekindtoyourselfinthelearningprocess.Mindfullyallowyourselftofail,totryagain,tofailagainbutbetter,andtryagain,untilyougetsomewhere.(試著學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能或愛(ài)好——一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)、烹飪、舞蹈、繪畫、演奏樂(lè)器——在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中善待自己。有意識(shí)地允許自己失敗，再試一次，再試一次，但會(huì)更好，再試一次，直到你到達(dá)某個(gè)地方)”可知，后文提到“有意識(shí)地允許自己失敗，再試一次，再試一次，但會(huì)更好，再試一次，直到你到達(dá)某個(gè)地方”，即通過(guò)練習(xí)逐漸鍛煉面對(duì)失敗時(shí)的心態(tài)。故D選項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)安全的空間里慢慢地鍛煉你的失敗肌肉”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Keepalittlediaryinwhichyourecordwhatyourfailureshavetaughtyou.Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwhenyoufail,askyourself:WhatcanIlearnfromthisexperience?Andremember(寫一個(gè)小日記，記錄你從失敗中學(xué)到的東西。當(dāng)你失敗時(shí)，不要為自己感到難過(guò)，而要問(wèn)自己：我能從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到什么？記住)”可知，本句主要說(shuō)明了上文想要讀者記住的事情，故F選項(xiàng)“雖然失敗很痛苦，但從未嘗試過(guò)成功更糟糕”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenhandballwasintroducedtoSriLankanschoolsin2010,Iwantedtobringittomyschoolinaremotevillage.Thisbecamea(n)___21___taskasthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything___22___traditionalsportslikebasketball.DespitebeinganEnglishlanguageteacherbefore___23___mypostasdeputyprincipal(副校長(zhǎng)),Iwas___24___tostartthisgameatanycost.40studentsagedbetween13and19___25___toplay.IhadthesupportoftheirparentsbutIstillcouldn’t___26___thesportsteachertoagree.___27___,Iusedmypositiontogetthegamegoing.HeshanPradeep,analumnus(校友)andmemberoftheAirForcehandballteam,volunteeredto___28___theteam.Althoughhandballisanindoorgame,wetrainedoutdoorsduetolimited___29___.Trainingstartedearlyinthemorningbeforeclassand____30____afterschooluntilitwasdark.Theboyslovedthegameandwere____31____training.Afterthreemonthsofdevotedtraining,wewereabletosendanunder19sboys’teamto____32____with50otherschools.Ourboysplayedremarkablywelland____33____thesemifinals.Thefollowingyear,nobodycould____34____ourteamfromwinningtheallislandschoolshandballchampionship.The____35____sentthewholevillageintocarnivalmode.HeshanandIweremuchhonoredtohaveshowntheboysthatdreamscanbefulfilled.21.A.appealing B.challenging C.confusing D.amusing22.A.regardlessof B.inrelationto C.otherthan D.intermsof23.A.leaving B.assuming C.offering D.creating24.A.determined B.resistant C.forbidden D.grateful25.A.wokeup B.grewup C.spedup D.signedup26.A.allow B.encourage C.convince D.force27.A.Ultimately B.Occasionally C.Similarly D.Unfortunately28.A.protect B.contact C.coach D.assess29.Aprospects B.appliances C.qualifications D.facilities30.A.ended B.continued C.changed D.functioned31.A.passionateabout B.particularabout C.embarrassedabout D.objectiveabout32.A.debate B.pete C.associate D.cooperate33.A.watched B.hosted C.reached D.predicted34.A.stop B.free C.separate D.excuse35.A.motivation B.tendency C.innovation D.victory【答案】21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為副校長(zhǎng)，克服了各種困難，把手球運(yùn)動(dòng)引入自己的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校，最終球隊(duì)在第二年獲得了比賽冠軍?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這成了一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，因?yàn)轶w育老師不愿意發(fā)起籃球等傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)以外的任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.appealing有吸引力的；B.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.confusing難以理解的；D.amusing逗人笑的。根據(jù)句中的“asthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything___2___traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，由于體育老師不配合，所以引入手球運(yùn)動(dòng)很有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B。【22題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意參考上題。A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.inrelationto和……相比；C.otherthan除……以外；D.intermsof在……方面。根據(jù)空前的“thesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything”和空后的“traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，這里表示體育老師不愿意發(fā)起籃球等傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)以外的任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管在擔(dān)任副校長(zhǎng)之前我是一名英語(yǔ)老師，但我決心不惜一切代價(jià)開(kāi)始這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.leaving離開(kāi)；B.assuming承擔(dān)（責(zé)任），就（職）；C.offering主動(dòng)提出；D.creating創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)空后的“mypostasdeputyprincipal(副校長(zhǎng))”可知，這里是說(shuō)作者擔(dān)任副校長(zhǎng)一職。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.determined下決心的；B.resistant有抵抗力的；C.forbidden禁止的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)句中的“atanycost”可知，這里表示作者決心不惜一切代價(jià)開(kāi)始這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：40名年齡在13歲到19歲之間的學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)賽。A.wokeup喚醒；B.grewup長(zhǎng)大；C.spedup加速；D.signedup報(bào)名。根據(jù)下文中的“theteam”和“Theboyslovedthegame”可知，這里指有40名學(xué)生報(bào)名參加。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我得到了他們父母的支持，但我仍然無(wú)法說(shuō)服體育老師同意。A.allow運(yùn)動(dòng)；B.encourage鼓勵(lì)；C.convince說(shuō)服；D.force強(qiáng)迫。根據(jù)上文中的“asthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything___2___traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，體育老師不愿意發(fā)起手球這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，根據(jù)空前的“stillcouldn’t”可知，作者仍然說(shuō)服不了體育老師同意。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我利用我的職位讓運(yùn)動(dòng)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。A.Ultimately最終；B.Occasionally偶爾；C.Similarly相似地；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根據(jù)上文中的“40studentsagedbetween13and19___5___toplay.IhadthesupportoftheirparentsbutIstillcouldn’t___6___thesportsteachertoagree.(40名年齡在13歲到19歲之間的學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)賽。我得到了他們父母的支持，但我仍然無(wú)法說(shuō)服體育老師同意)”可知，有同學(xué)報(bào)名參加這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而且作者也得到了這些學(xué)生父母的支持，但始終無(wú)法說(shuō)服體育老師，所以這里是說(shuō)最終作者利用自己的職務(wù)讓這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)繼續(xù)。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：空軍手球隊(duì)隊(duì)員、校友HeshanPradeep主動(dòng)請(qǐng)纓擔(dān)任球隊(duì)教練。A.protect保護(hù)；B.contact聯(lián)系；C.coach指導(dǎo)；D.assess評(píng)估。根據(jù)下文中的“wetrainedoutdoors”可知，HeshanPradeep自愿當(dāng)球隊(duì)的教練。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然手球