英語高考閱讀七選五的命題思路及對策

英語高考閱讀七選五的命題思路及對策

2010年高考英語熱點(diǎn)：新題型七選五閱讀理解（遼、瓊、寧、

京）

【特點(diǎn)分析】

該類題型要求從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中（均為完整的句子）

選出五個(gè)能填入文章空處的最佳選項(xiàng)，主要考查考生對文章的

整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形

式深受英語四六級和考研閱讀多項(xiàng)選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了《新

課標(biāo)》"用英語獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語

思維的能力?！钡拈喿x學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。該題型命題形式仍然具

有客觀題的特點(diǎn)，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項(xiàng)

少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點(diǎn)不完全相同而已。

從《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述"主要考查考生對

文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！?/p>

可以得出以下判斷：該題備選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句（文章整體

內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯

意義）三類。其多余的兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置,

例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句

子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。

【題型分析】

分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關(guān)鍵，

英語的語篇(discourse)通常是由句子和語段(sentencegroup)

構(gòu)成的，語段是句子和語篇之間的中間層次，句子雖然能夠單

獨(dú)地表達(dá)相對完整的思想，但是它不能表達(dá)多方面的、比較復(fù)

雜的思想，只有把幾個(gè)句子結(jié)合為較大的言語片段，才能表達(dá)

一個(gè)相對獨(dú)立的層意，所謂的“積句而成章，積章而成篇。”就是

這個(gè)道理。

分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層

次，也就是段落，另一種是分析每一個(gè)段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就

是語篇層次。

語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的，語段是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的中間層次，是

由句子到篇的一種過渡形式，段落(paragraph)是在某些語體

(如記敘文、議論文)中比語段更大的意義單位，較小的段落

可以只包括一個(gè)語段或一個(gè)句子，一般來說，一個(gè)段落通常由

幾個(gè)語段構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成語段的方式有兩種，一是靠句際間意義的

結(jié)合，二是靠句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，邏輯性插入語來連接，在分析

語段層次時(shí)，可以借助句際間的連接詞語作出判斷，但最主要

的還是要真正體會句際間的意義關(guān)系，把握作者的思路，從語

序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點(diǎn)，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰，只有

層層入手，才能真正理解文章。

例如：（2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題）

第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最

佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecome

abatterstudentinseveralways71Second,yournotesareexcellent

materialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-taking

offersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.

Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhile

readingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.72Wheneverorhowever

youtakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.73

Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.

?Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.

?Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmain

pointsandsupportingfacts.

?Writeyournotesinyourownwords.

?74

?Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidor

written.

Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand（速記）.

Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouuse

themallthetime.75

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughto

includeinyournotes.

G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierfor

youtounderstandandrememberit.

答案：GEFAD

分析：這篇文章整體分為四個(gè)段落層次，每個(gè)段落均由幾

個(gè)語段構(gòu)成相對獨(dú)立地語義單位，各段都圍繞“Takinggoodnotes"

這樣一個(gè)中心話題，形成了文章的線性結(jié)構(gòu)。

第一段講述的是做筆記是好學(xué)生在多方面的一項(xiàng)省時(shí)技

巧，第二段講述的是不管何時(shí)、用何種方法做筆記，都要有選

擇性的做記錄，第三段講述的是做筆記的最佳方法，第四段講

述的是要記住自己的速記符號，這就形成了文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，

這對下一步的做題有了明確的整體方向。

【解題策略】

1.理清句際間意義的關(guān)系

文章的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)各層各段的大意有機(jī)地組合而成，各個(gè)

層次，各個(gè)段落之間不管怎樣錯(cuò)落有致，但它所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容都

是要圍繞中心的，各句之間都有一定的語脈，從邏輯意義上來

看，語段的句際關(guān)系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、

解釋、因果等關(guān)系。構(gòu)成語段的各個(gè)句子之間有時(shí)可以包含一

種以上的句際關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時(shí)一定要把握語脈，

理清句際間的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而理解語段或全文的內(nèi)容。

如上述2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題中，第

一段的第一句"Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyou

tobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways"與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，

解釋關(guān)系是指后面的句子對前面的句子作解釋、引申、例證，

使意思更加明了、具體。后三句之間是平列關(guān)系，平列關(guān)系指

句與句之間處于平等并列的地位，互不相屬，而只是組合在一

起共同說明一個(gè)問題。平列關(guān)系組合的語段，在次序上并不固

定，如果局部改變句子的相互位置并不改變整個(gè)語段的意思。

第二段的第一句與第二句是層遞關(guān)系，層遞關(guān)系是一種固

定的順序關(guān)系，但又不同與順序關(guān)系，順序關(guān)系指構(gòu)成語段的

各句子只能按事物發(fā)展的過程由先而后地順序排列，不可隨意

改變次序，通常在記敘文或描述固定的操作程序的說明文中用

得普遍，而層遞關(guān)系組合的語段是按語意的輕重、認(rèn)識的深淺

作由輕到重、由淺入深的排列。第三句與第四句是解釋關(guān)系，

第一、二句組合為一個(gè)語段，第三、四句組合為另外一個(gè)語段,

語段與語段之間是總分關(guān)系，總分關(guān)系是指前面的句子陳述兩

個(gè)過兩個(gè)以上的對象，后面的句子緊接著分別對它們加以說明。

用這種方式組合的語段能夠前呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，使語脈清楚,

條分縷析，如"Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes”一句與前兩句前

呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，為前句選“E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyour

ownmethodfortakingnotes.”埋伏了一筆，邏輯性很強(qiáng)。

第三段的第一句與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，而后列舉的方法

是平列關(guān)系。

第四段的最后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系指句與句之間存

在意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，通常表達(dá)對比或?qū)φ盏囊馑肌?/p>

2.找出句子之間的連接性的詞語

文章的語句間的組合，除了從語句間的意義關(guān)系分析外，

還可借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握，因?yàn)檫B接性詞語能表

明這個(gè)語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系是

承接關(guān)系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,

asaresult等)

平列關(guān)系(如first,second,third...;firstly,secondly,thirdly...;first,

next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,for

anotherthing...;tobeginwith,toconclude等)。比如文章中的選項(xiàng)71,

由Second.Third得知應(yīng)選表示平列關(guān)系的句子G.項(xiàng)。

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,

inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,in

contrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise

等)。比如選項(xiàng)75,與前句構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)答案。

層遞關(guān)系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,

moreover,inaddition,what'smore,too,either,neither,not...but...,not

oNy...butalso等)。如72選項(xiàng)，與前句組合為層遞關(guān)系，故應(yīng)

選包含also的E.項(xiàng)句子。

解釋關(guān)系，如73選項(xiàng)應(yīng)選F.選項(xiàng)，與74選項(xiàng)平等的，是

一組祈示句，而非陳述句，故應(yīng)選A.項(xiàng)而非B項(xiàng)。

總之，對一個(gè)語段或語篇的分析，可以按以下步驟進(jìn)行：

(1)通讀全文，對文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住

文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。

在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文

章的首段及末段末句，因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式

為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說

明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時(shí)甚

至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的

主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅

速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開，并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的

了解。如果末句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí)，可以考

慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)''式，如兩者均可排除，則需

在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意，首段與末段的提示

作用。

(2)詳讀段落，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。

明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。

文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整體文

章寫作主題展開，對文章主體進(jìn)行的不同方面的描述。找出各

個(gè)小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做

好鋪墊。

(3)定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語,

根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤為

注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。

在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及

空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項(xiàng)放入空白處,

看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該

處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接

上都能做到通順。

一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在

選項(xiàng)定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的

連貫使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子甚至每個(gè)短語均融為一體。

如果帶入選項(xiàng)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更

換其它選項(xiàng)。

(4)通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重

點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。

在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整,

語義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否

通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，

格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。

同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對相近選項(xiàng)的對比分析，個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于

與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我

們認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項(xiàng)。

要特別注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的選擇，否則不

要倉促更改。只要前兩步投入了精力，動了腦筋，第一印象往

往可信度很高。

(5)確定排除，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定

答案。

【考題預(yù)測】

1.內(nèi)容選擇：閱讀新題型文章選擇要注重兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)

容：一是選材注重選取貼近考生、貼近生活、新穎的、時(shí)代感

強(qiáng)的材料，以體現(xiàn)考綱中明確提出的“命題重視'新材料、新情境’

的創(chuàng)設(shè)與運(yùn)用，測試考生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力”的指導(dǎo)思想。如

2007年短文填空話題是“學(xué)生假期組織俱樂部”；2008年短文填

空是貼近考生的“如何作筆記”話題。2009年短文填空是話題；

二是所選文章內(nèi)容邏輯性強(qiáng)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，便于

學(xué)生在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行綜合理解，并對于一些信息進(jìn)行概

括或充分表達(dá)。

2.文章長度：07年短文填空為270左右；08年短文填空

為270詞左右，09年短文填空為270詞左右。總之，文章的選

擇不能太短（少于250詞）或太長（多于350）。另外，文章的

長度還會與整套試題中閱讀的總詞數(shù)有關(guān)。

3.文體的選擇：文章的選擇以說明、議論、夾敘夾議等為

主，單純以時(shí)間或事件為線索的記敘文不宜于考察邏輯思維能

力，出現(xiàn)機(jī)率不大。

【練習(xí)】

（1）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouown

club.It'sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere's

neveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.

Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub.

_72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?

Thelistisendless.

Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_AIIyou

needisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingas

you.

_74Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsofpieces

ofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That'llkeepyou

busyforages.

Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirst

ruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubs

arealwayssecret!

Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembership

cards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftime

makingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?That

willmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.

Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou'llthinkof

loadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!

A.That'seasy.

B.Enjoyyourownclub!

C.Inviteadesignertojoinyou.

D.Whatareyouinterestin?

E.Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.

F.Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.

G.Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.

(2)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中的兩項(xiàng)為多途選項(xiàng)。

Areyoutrulyhappy?Doyoueverknowwhatitmeanstobehappy

andwhatittakestoachievehappiness?_71.Thefollowingareafew

tipsthatIfollowtocreatehappinessinmylife.

MakeaphnforattahiiggoalsIhatyoubetvewUlmakeyou

happy.Yourmoodswillverylikelyincreaseifyouaregoingafter

somethingyouvalue.

^Surroundyouiselfw血happypeople.Itiseasybegiito1hhk

negativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.

—72—,

※川hensomeihhggoeswrong,liytooutasolutioninstead

ofbeingabsorbedinselfpity.Trulyhappypeopledon'tallowsetbacksto

affecttheirmoodbecausetheyknowthatwithalittlethoughttheycanturn

thecircumstancesbacktotheirfavor.

X73.ThesefewmhuteswUgyeyou1heopportunitytofocus

onthepositivethingsinyourlifeandwillleadyoutocontinuous

happiness.

74.Whetheryoutreatyourselftolunch,takealong,relaxing

bathorsimplyspendafewextraminutesonyourappearance,youwillbe

subconsciously（下意識地）puttingyourselfinabettermood.

^Fhdiigihehumorhsiuatbnscanalsobadtohappiness.Fhda

waytomakelightofasituationthatwouldotherwisemakeyouhappy.

^Keepinghealhyisanolherwaytoachevehapphess.75.

A.Whatmakesonepersonhappymaybeverydifferentfromwhat

makessomeoneelsehappy.

B.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,their

emotionalstatewillbeinfectious.

C.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhavea

negativeeffectonyourmooD.

D.Theseareimportantquestionsforanyonewhoisseeking

happinesstoaskthemselves.

E.Spendafewminuteseachdaythinkingaboutthethingsthat

makeyouhappy.

F.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.

G.It'salsoimportanttotakesometimeeachdaytodosomething

niceforyourself.

(3)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

_71.Beingangrydoesn'treallysolvemuch,butwhatpeopledo

whentheyfeelangryisimportant.Thegoalistocalmdownandtryto

solvewhatisbotheringyou.Thisishardforsomekidsandadults,too.

Insteadofcalmingdown,somekidsmightkeepgettingmoreandmore

upsetuntiltheyexplodelikeavolcano!

_72.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontrolof

theirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemay

saythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper._73

Somekidsmightgetsoangrythattheyscreamattheirparents,

breaksomething,orevenworse,hittheirbrothersor

sisters._74.However,it'snotOKforakidtodoanyofthose

things.Kidsdon'twanttoactinthisway,butsometimesangry

feelingscanbehardtomanage.Sowhattodo?

Well,thegoodnewsisthatkidsdon'tjusthavetokeepmakingthe

samemistakesoverandoveragain._75.Imagineyourtemperasa

puppyinsideyouthatneedssometraining.Thepuppyisnotbad--itwill

probablyturnoutagreatdog.Itjustneedstolearnsomerulesbecause,

rightnow,thatpuppyiscausingsomeproblemstoyou.

A.Youcantrainyoutemper.

B.Youdon'twanttocausetrouble.

C.Kidsshouldbeallowedtoexpresstheirfeelings,evenangry

ones.

D.Everybodygetsangrysometimes.

E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeeling

angry.

F.Insteadofthinkingofthepersonyou,reangrywith,thinkof

somethingelse.

G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeother

kids.

(4)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。

Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportant

decisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardest

decisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightask

yourselfis:"HowdoIgetagoodjob?"71.

Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementin

thelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsorts

ofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Still

othersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebest

waytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecision

oftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.72.

Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbytheseawatchingthetall

ships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneofthem.Hisfather

wasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanythingfortheboybut

anidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheardthecaptainof

theshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseonememberofhis

crewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad（少年）offeredtotakehis

place.73.

_74_.Iftheladhadgonehometoponder（考慮）hisdecisionfor

aweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedan

opportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.

Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesand

stillseemtolandplumjobs（美差）.Whenyougoforajobintervieworfill

outanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompany

towhichyouareapplying.75.Andwithinayearthispersonhad

becomegeneralmangerofthecompany.

A.Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunity

whenitpresentsitself.

B.Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.

C.it'salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyanswering

advertisementinnewspapers

D.Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.

E?Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytelling

theinterviewerallthecompany'sfaults.

F.Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehad

alwaysloved.

G.Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.

（5）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouown

club.It'sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere's

neveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.

Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub.

_72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?

Thelistisendless.

Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_AIIyou

needisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingas

you.

_74_Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsof

piecesofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That'llkeep

youbusyforages.

Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirst

ruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubs

arealwayssecret!

Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembership

cards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftime

makingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?That

willmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.

Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou'llthinkof

loadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!

A.That'seasy.

B.Enjoyyourownclub!

C.Inviteadesignertojoinyou.

D.Whatareyouinterestin?

E.Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.

F.Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.

G.Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.

（6）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Beforegoingoutsideinthemorning,manyofuscheckawindow

thermometer（溫度計(jì)）forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidewhatto

wear.71.Wewantourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessin

therefrigerator.Wewantitacertainhotnessintheoven.Ifwedon'tfeel

well,weuseathermometertoseeifwehaveafever.Wekeepourrooms

acertainwarmthinthewinterandacertaincoolnessinthesummer.

Notallthethermometersusethesamesystemtomeasure

temperature.WeuseasystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.Butmostother

countriesusetheCentigradescale.

Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheir

guide.72.

Themostcommonkindofthermometerismadewithmercury（水

金艮）insideaclearglasstube.Asmercury（oranyotherliquid）becomes

hot,itexpands.Asitgetscolder,itcontracts（收縮）.Thatiswhyonhot

daysthemercurylineishighintheglasstube.73.

First.Takeaclearglassjuicebottlethathasacap;fillthebottlewith

colouredwater.Tapaholeinthecenterofthecapusingahammerand

thicknail.Putthecaponthejar.Thenstickaplasticstraw（吸管）through

thenailhole.

74

Finally.Placeawhitecardontheoutsideofthebottleandbehind

thestraw.Nowyoucanseethewaterlevereasily.

75.

Asthetemperaturegoesdown,thewaterwillcontract,andthelever

inthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapsyouwillwanttokeeparecordofthe

waterleverinthestraweachmorningforaweek.

A.Weuseanddependonthermometerstomeasurethe

temperatureofmanyotherthingsinourdailylives.

B.Thermometersmeasuretemperature,byusingmaterialsthat

changeinthesamewaywhentheyareheatedorcooled.

C.Nowthatyouknowthisruleyoucanmakeathermometerofyour

ownthatwillwork.

D.Thewaterwillriseinthestraw.Asthetemperatureoftheairgoes

up,thewaterwillexpandandriseevenhigher.

E.Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewater

freezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscale

waterfreezesat0degreesandboilsatWOdegrees.

F.Takewax(youmayuseanoldcandleifyouhaveone)andmelt

someofitrightwherethestrawisstruckintothecaptoseal(把..粘住)

themtogether.

G.Peopleusethermometerswhicharemadebythemselveswhen

travellingaroundtheworld.

(7)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportant

decisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardest

decisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightask

yourselfis:"HowdoIgetagoodjob?1171

Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementin

thelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsorts

ofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Still

othersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebest

waytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecision

oftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.

72.Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbythesea

watchingthetallships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneof

them.Hisfatherwasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanything

fortheboybutanidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheard

thecaptainoftheshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseone

memberofhiscrewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad（少年）

offeredtotakehisplace.73

74.7theladhadgonehometoponder（考慮）hisdecisionfor

aweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedan

opportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.

Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesand

stillseemtolandplumjobs（美差）.Whenyougoforajobintervieworfill

outanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompany

towhichyouareapplying.75.Andwithinayearthispersonhad

becomegeneralmangerofthecompany.

A.Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunity

whenitpresentsitself.

B.Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.

C.it'salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyanswering

advertisementinnewspapers

D.Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.

E.Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytelling

theinterviewerallthecompany'sfaults.

F.Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehadalways

loved.

G.Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.

(8)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?

71.Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,

shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.At

least,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,because

theyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourpreference,as

wellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.72.Ifyou

happentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,orat

leastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

73.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfuland

morerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthand

cheertothesaddestwinterday.74.Ablackbridgeoverthe

ThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicides(自殺)

thananyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen.The

numberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwould

havefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

75.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,

harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorange

ratherthanblackorgrey.

A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.

B.Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseour

favouritecolourasgrowup—wearebornwithourpreference.

C.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.

D.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwho

enjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.

E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmore

active.

F.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.

G.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods—thereisnodoubtaboutit

參考答案

(1)EDAFG(2)DBEGC(3)DGECA(4)BDFAE

(5)EDAFG

(6)

71.A從前面上下文意義可知溫度計(jì)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械?/p>

功能，便可知道選擇A正確。

72.E從上文可知“溫度計(jì)分華氏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和攝氏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩種方

式計(jì)量溫度，”選項(xiàng)E進(jìn)一步介紹了這兩種溫度計(jì)量方式的具體

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故正確答案是E。

73.C本段前一部分介紹了溫度計(jì)的構(gòu)造原理，下文根據(jù)

此原理制造一個(gè)能夠計(jì)量溫度工作的溫度計(jì)。所以選項(xiàng)C符合

文意。

74.F根據(jù)上下文的邏輯意義，選項(xiàng)F是正確答案。

75.D從下文可知應(yīng)選與之對應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)D。

(7)

71.B根據(jù)上下文，選項(xiàng)B符合邏輯意義。

72.D從此空的前后文可以很容易地看出，空后是對空前

觀點(diǎn)的例解。故選D。

73.F根據(jù)故事敘述，選項(xiàng)F是對所舉事例的總結(jié)語。

74.A此空后面是對所舉故事的進(jìn)一步分析，選項(xiàng)A是此

段的論點(diǎn)。

75.E從此短的論點(diǎn)"Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeople

whobreakalltherulesandstillseemtolandplumjobs''便能看出，只有

選與此空前面的觀點(diǎn)相反的選項(xiàng)E,才能和后面的結(jié)果相符合。

(8)

71.D根據(jù)下文問答形式可以看出，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

72.B根據(jù)上文意義，選項(xiàng)填到此空處可以與上文形成排

比句式。

73.G從空后的"Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmore

cheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbrings

warmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday."這句話中可以找出正確

答案為選項(xiàng)G。

74.A從與上文的關(guān)系空后的"AblackbridgeovertheThames

River,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicides(自殺)than

anyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen."這句話中可

以找到正確答案選項(xiàng)Go

75.E從下文意義可以很容易地推斷出E為最佳選項(xiàng)。

OnVolunteering

1.越來越多的人從事志愿工作

2.志愿工作對需要幫助的人和社會都有利，對志愿者本身也有

好處

3.我認(rèn)為……

ThevolunteeringspirithasspreadamongtheChinesepeopleinrecent

years,especiallyamongyoungpeople.

Volunteeringisoftremendousbenefitstoboththoseinneedandsociety.

TaketheWenchuanEarthquakeasanexample.Hundredsofthousands

ofvolunteersplayanactiveroleinWenchuanquake-hitareas.Andthey

contributedailynecessaries,offermedicalhelpandpsychologicalhelpto

thedisasterreliefwork.

Besides,volunteeringwouldbebeneficialtothevolunteersthemselves-

Gettinginvolvedinvolunteering,volunteerswillbeexposedtoanew

environment,andtheycanlearnhowtoworkwellinateam,howto

improvetheirinterpersonalskillsandorganizationalskills,allofwhichare

criticalfortheirprofessionalgrowth.

Asacollegestudent,Isincerelyhopethateveryonewouldjointhe

volunteeringwork.Itisnotonlygoodtooursociety,butalsoachancefor

ustogrowandtolearn.

假設(shè)你是健康俱樂部的一位志愿者，根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，寫一篇

短文，幫助廣大市民更好地了解和預(yù)防H1N1流感：

⑴該流感已在許多國家爆發(fā)，病例每天持續(xù)增多;

(2)該流感與其他季節(jié)性流感傳播方式一樣，通過咳嗽、噴嚏

等在人群中傳播；

⑶建議：不隨便當(dāng)眾咳嗽、打噴嚏，經(jīng)常洗手，生病時(shí)在家

休息……

Asweknow,agrowingoutbreakofH1N1fluhasbeensparkedinmany

countries.Anincreasingnumberofcasesarebeingreportedeveryday。

It'sthoughtthatH1N1fluspreadsinthesamewaythatregular

seasonalinfluenzavirusesdo,thatis,spreadingfromperson-to-person,

mainlythroughthecoughsandsneezesofpeoplewhoaresickwiththe

viruso

Facedwiththisseveredisease,herearesomeeverydaymeasureswe

shouldtaketostayhealthy.First,coveryournoseandmouthwithatissue

whenyoucoughorsneeze.Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwater,

especiallyafteryoucoughorsneeze.Avoidtouchingyoureyes,noseor

mouth.Germsspreadthatway.Ifyougetsick,stayhomefromworkor

schoolandlimitcontactwithotherstokeepfrominfectingthem。

Finally,H1N1fluisnotaterriblydeadlydisease,whichiscurable.So,

don'tbenervousandjustkeepcalmasusualo

你所在的城市即將舉辦國際貿(mào)易博覽會。有關(guān)部門現(xiàn)向全社

會招聘志愿者。要求：

⑴具有為國際友人服務(wù)的熱情；

(2)掌握豐富的文化知識，既是服務(wù)人員，也是文化的使者；

⑶具有流利的英語表達(dá)能力，能做好溝通工作。

假如你叫李華，請根據(jù)以上要求，寫一封想作博覽會志愿者

的申請信。

要求：字跡工整，100詞左右。開頭已寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

生詞：國際貿(mào)易博覽會theInternationalTradeExposition

DearSirorMadam：

Thankyoufortakingyourtimetoreadmyletter.Asthecomingofthe

InternationalTradeExposition,I'dlikeverymuchtobeavolunteer。

Allourcitizensarehostsforthisspecialevent.Aboveall,IpromiseI

shouldendeavortoservewithenthusiasmourdistinguishedguestsfrom

allovertheworld.Besides,IhavearichknowledgeaboutChinesehistory,

soIwillbenotonlyaservantbutalsoacarrierforoursplendidculture.

What'smore,asweallknow,Englishasaninternationallanguage,will

playanimportantroleincommunicationduringtheExposition,andIam

goodatit.IcanexpressmyselffluentlyandclearlyinEnglisho

Tosumup,IbelieveIcanbeaqualifiedvolunteer.Iwillvalueitanddo

allIcan