2023年應(yīng)用電化學(xué)試卷A+

2023級應(yīng)用化學(xué)專業(yè)《應(yīng)用電化學(xué)》期末考試試卷(A卷)考試日期： ； 考試時量： 120分鐘 班級： ； 學(xué)號： ； 姓名：題號題號總分值得分一20二40三20四20一、填空題〔51分〕DSAistheabbreviationofPEMFCistheabbreviationof的Hg電極上荷 電，比電極電位為0.10v的Hg電極上剩余電荷 〔少或多〕電極電位是指 ，過電位是指5、專業(yè)名詞翻譯腐蝕 ,極化 ,電化學(xué) , 陽極 ,electrochemicalequivalent , dipolardoublelayer ,electricmigration ,interfacialtension ,electrodeposition 交換電流密度 ,電導(dǎo)率 ,convection ,metalfinishing ,compositeplating ,二、問答題〔58分〕1、簡述電化學(xué)極化和濃度極化的特點。2、簡述電鍍、陽極氧化和電泳涂裝的特點。3、如何提高電池的能量密度？4、Ingeneral,thecoppersaltsareaddedintothesolutionintheindustrialcementationofCd,Co,NiwithZnpowdertoimprovepurificationprocess.Why?么？三、翻譯〔210分〕〔1〕Aluminiumisnormallyproducedfromtheore,bauxite 〔鋁土礦〕,whichisahydratedaluminiumoxidecontainingsilicaandothermetaloxides,particularlyiron.Itisconvertedtoapurealumina.Theoreisfirsttreatedwithsodiumhydroxideunderpressure.Thealuminiumlargelydissolvesasthealuminate,theironoxideisinsolubleandthesilicaalsoremainsintheformofasodiumaluminiumsilicate,whichleadstoalossofaluminium.〔2〕Pittingispossiblythemostcommontypeoflocalizedattack.Itusuallyoccursonanoxide-coveredsurfaceduetothepresenceofanaggressivespecies,e.g.Cl-whichpreventscompletepassivation,togetherwith asufficientlyhighanodicpotential.Pittingattackisoftenautocatalyticandself-stimulatinginnatureFluidmechanicsisthestudyofthemotionofflowingorstirredfluids,usuallyliquidsorgases.Quantitativefluidmechanicsisbaseduponthecontinuityequationswhichstatethatallpointsinspace,charge,mass,momentumand,forinviscid flow(i.e.fluidswherenoviscousforcesoperate)energymustbeconserved.Thissectionwilldealmainlywiththequalitativeconceptsbecauseoftheverycomplexnatureofflowinmostelectrolysers.Itisknownthattherearethreemodesofmasstransport:electricmigration,diffusionandconvection.Inmost,theflowistoocomplextowarrantadetailedfluid-mechanicalcalculation.Rather,thenormalapproachtomasstransportinelectrolysiscellsistotreatthecellasaunifiedwholeandtoseekexpressionsintermofspace-averagedquantitieswhichpermitsomeinsightintothemasstransportconditionswithinthecell.四、計算題〔210分〕1、HowmanytonsofCl2,H2,NaOHcanbeproducedinthecellwhichelectrodeareaareareaofanodeandcathodeissame)whenthecurrentdensityis10kA/m2.Iftheanodecurrentefficiencyis97%,howmanytonsofCl2canbeinpracticeproduced？22.0〔Pb207.2,O16,S32〕中南大學(xué)考試試卷參考答案2023 -- 2023 學(xué)年上學(xué)期 120分鐘應(yīng)用電化學(xué) 課程 32 學(xué)時2學(xué)分考試形式：閉卷專業(yè)年級： 應(yīng)用化學(xué)04級 分，占總評成績70%一、填空題〔51分〕DSAistheabbreviationof DimensionallyStableAnodePEMFCistheabbreviationof Protonexchangemembranefuelcell Hg電極上0.10vHg電極上剩余電荷少〔少或多〕電極電位是指電極材料和離子導(dǎo)體〔溶液〕的內(nèi)電位差，過電位是指5、專業(yè)名詞翻譯腐蝕corrosion,極化Polarization,電化學(xué)Electrochemistry, 陽極Anode,electrochemicalequivalent電化當(dāng)量 , dipolardoublelayer偶極雙電層,electricmigration電遷移,interfacialtension界面張力, electrodeposition電沉積,交換電流密度Exchangecurrentdensity,電導(dǎo)率conductivity, convection 對流 ,metalfinishing 金屬外表精整 ,compositeplating復(fù)合鍍層 ,二、問答題〔58分〕1、簡述電化學(xué)極化和濃度極化的特點。極化是電流通過電極時，電極電勢偏離平衡電極電勢的現(xiàn)象。濃差極化——在電解過程中〔指離開電極較遠(yuǎn)、濃度均勻的溶液〕濃度發(fā)生了差異所致。勢的現(xiàn)象。2、簡述電鍍、陽極氧化和電泳涂裝的特點。電鍍、陽極氧化和電泳涂裝都是通過電解來對金屬外表進(jìn)展精飾的技術(shù)。電鍍：以待鍍零件為陰極，通過電解，金屬陽極離子在陰極上復(fù)原沉積，從而在金屬外表得到金屬層。陽極氧化：待飾金屬作陽極，通過電解，陽極發(fā)生氧化，外表形成一層氧化膜。電泳涂裝：通過電解，電泳涂料在金屬外表沉積形成聚合物層3、如何提高電池的能量密度？減小電池的體積；增加一些密度大的活化物質(zhì)；減小電化當(dāng)量。4、Ingeneral,thecoppersaltsareaddedintothesolutionintheindustrialcementationofCd,Co,NiwithZnpowdertoimprovepurificationprocess.Why?參與Cu鹽后，可以使Zn粉末置換出Cu，掩蓋在Cd、Co、Ni外表形成Cu-Zn微電池，產(chǎn)生確定電動勢，電動勢促進(jìn)Zn粉置換的速度，使金屬離子發(fā)生復(fù)原反響的速率加快。Zn粉置換出Cd、Co、Ni，溶液濃度下降，參與Cu鹽充當(dāng)電解質(zhì)的作用，提高電解的程度。參與銅鹽后，ZnCu，CuCd、Co、Ni外表形成一層均勻、致密的膜，有利于純化時Cd、Co、Ni的析出。Cu了析氫反響的發(fā)生。5、穩(wěn)定的電位就是平衡電位，不穩(wěn)定的電位就是不平衡電位，這種說法對嗎？為什么？不是。從平衡電位與不平衡電位的定義說明?！猜浴橙⒎g〔210分〕〔1〕Aluminiumisnormallyproducedfromtheore,bauxite〔鋁土礦〕,whichisahydratedaluminiumoxidecontainingsilicaandothermetaloxides,particularlyiron.Itisconvertedtoapurealumina.Theoreisfirsttreatedwithsodiumhydroxideunderpressure.Thealuminiumlargelydissolvesasthealuminate,theironoxideisinsolubleandthesilicaalsoremainsintheformof sodiumaluminiumsilicate,whichleadstoalossofaluminium.鋁通常是由金屬礦石,鋁土礦制取，得到的是水合氧化鋁，并且含有硅和其他金屬氧化物,尤其是鐵的氧化物.然后由水合的氧化鋁轉(zhuǎn)化為純潔的氧化鋁.礦石首先用氫氧化鈉進(jìn)展處理.酸鈉的形態(tài)存在，這樣造成鋁有確定的損失。〔2〕Pittingispossiblythemostcommontypeoflocalizedattack.Itusuallyoccursonanoxide-coveredsurfaceduetothepresenceofanaggressivespecies,e.g.Cl-whichpreventscompletepassivation,togetherwith asufficientlyhighanodicpotential.Pittingattackisoftenautocatalyticandself-stimulatinginnature小孔腐蝕是一種最常見的局部腐蝕。通常認(rèn)為是從氧化物薄膜的外表發(fā)生的，由于小孔腐蝕往往是自發(fā)的和自我催化的。Fluidmechanicsisthestudyofthemotionofflowingorstirredfluids,usuallyliquidsorgases.Quantitativefluidmechanicsisbaseduponthecontinuityequationswhichstatethatallpointsinspace,charge,mass,momentumand,forinviscid flow(i.e.fluidswherenoviscousforcesoperate)energymustbeconserved.Thissectionwilldealmainlywiththequalitativeconceptsbecauseoftheverycomplexnatureofflowinmostelectroly.Itisknownthattherearethreemodesofmasstransport:electricmigration,diffusionandconvection.Inmost,theflowistoocomplextowarrantadetailedfluid-mechanicalcalculation.Rather,thenormalapproachtomasstransportinelectrolysiscellsistotreatthecellasaunifiedwholeandtoseekexpressionsintermofspace-averagedquantitieswhichpermitsomeinsightintothemasstransportconditionswithinthecell.流體力學(xué)主要爭論流淌的或攪動的流體的運動,流體通常是液體或氣體。定量流體力,電荷與質(zhì)量,動量,并為粘流(即液體沒有粘性力操作)保存能量所得到連續(xù)性方程為根底。由于在多數(shù)電解液中具有格外簡潔,有三種模式群眾運輸:電動遷移,集中.,流程過于簡潔,,正常的關(guān)于電解槽中的傳質(zhì)方法是將電解槽看成一個統(tǒng)一的整體并且查找允許直接觀看在電解槽中的傳質(zhì)條件