2023年北京高考英語真題卷及答案

2023北京高考真題英語第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的、B、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven____1____,wassurprisingI’d____2____anyonearoundme.Iwaspayingtheprice﹣writeafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itooktimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto____3____,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttokeptmeandmyneighboursfrom____4____.paragraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?theeducationIwasthrowingI’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewould“Sheusedtotalkclass.”pagesbegan____5____.Butwhengothomefromwork,Iwasstill____6____,“Fivepages!impossible!”you’dbettergetbackwork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”SoonafterIhandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda____7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.____8____,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.ThenextwhenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould____9____theymakingofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnyMy____10____stillneededsomenudging(),butIdidlearnIinprint.1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happierD.chat2.A.nodB.pointC.listen3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read4.A.learning5.A.standingout6.A.celebrating7.A.lecture8.A.Therefore9.A.hopeB.playingB.flyingbyB.longingB.reasonB.MoreoverB.imagineB.confidenceC.planningC.breakingupC.complainingC.rewardD.laughingD.checkinginD.warningD.solutionD.InsteadD.predictC.MeanwhileC.tell10.A.patienceC.toleranceD.independence第二節(jié)(共分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時(shí)).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup____12____(exact)ontime.havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhouraonlytofindthatnootherguest____13____(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillhersleepingsuit.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromthemangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangroveshelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.UptoChina____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19____(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.haveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、B、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheInternationalOlympicLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Leadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.beanIOCyouneedtofirstcompletetheLearningSprint(沖刺).LearningSprintTheLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.TheLearningSprintisopenanyone,withtheaudienceagedbetween20and28.AftersuccessfullycompletingtheLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCRequirementsfortheApplicantshavesuccessfullycompletedLearningSprint.havecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.haveleastoneyearofworkexperience.havestrongpublicspeakingskills.self-motivatedandcommitted.passionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyouropentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).abletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21.IntheLearningSprint,participantswill________.A.createchangetheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogrammeD.promotetheIOCLeadersprojectC.meetpeoplefrombackgrounds22.IfselectedasanIOConewillneedto________.A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekC.workonasport-basedprojectB.watchsportsontheIOCchannelD.coachandadvisetheirpeers23.Whichisarequirementtheapplicants?A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.B.Havingleastone-yearworkexperience.D.Committingthemselvesbecomingexpert.SittinginthegardenforIfeltabuzz(振動(dòng))mypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.emailstarted“DearMrGreen,thankforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwitharesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualitytheSaharaDesertpartofundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingIhadputmuchtimeandemotionalintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadmyscienceSoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyedwheninvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.WhatproposedseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoinggiveitmyall.IfoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertThatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodstheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedgraduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowtofollowdesiredresearchdirection.Iappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedaperfectitwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective()tokeepfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheysoundperfectatthetime,andmakemostofthem.24.Howdidauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailname?A.Anxious.B.C.Surprised.D.Settled.25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesertD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabworkC.applytotheoriginalprojectagain26.Accordingtothetheprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing27.Whatcanlearnfromthispassage?A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.inabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadssomeofthemostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColethatthehasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedoncebythecrueltytheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorInbusiness,thisbiassurfacesshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldamajordifferenceInstead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtothough,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.hesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationthepresentdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:coldthissoIworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatmattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakentheywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whencomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateoftheyencounternothingoutoftheOlderpeopleforexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdropped28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A.drawacomparisonB.introduceatopicC.evaluateastatementD.highlightaproblem29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B.Lessonsofhistoryhighlyvalued.C.humanmindisbadnotingslowchange.D.Humansunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbuttoThereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandchallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.fieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwayreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipeforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthedoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointhesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sotheworthofartificiallife?’Doeverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredcousinthatresearchersbothfieldsarebyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution().Thisiscapacityforasystemcreateessentiallyendlesstobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.Theonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproduceendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetrulyinventivemachines.ComparedthedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.lackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowersrepurposeoldideasandgeneratedItmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsanywaysurprisingorTheymayapplyuniversallyallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomethingperhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31.RegardingAlandefenceofALife,theauthorisA.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted..D.doubtfulD.Challenged.33.Whatcanlearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitlethepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanBeaOut?B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,第二節(jié)共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwhereattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancourseshigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftenviewteachingexcellenceasawayincreaseenrolment(注冊(cè))orfunding.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirWhatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworkmaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationuniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughschoolsmayberankedA.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,nothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenimportantreputation-buildingD.rankingsignoreacriticalfactor:qualityofteaching.E.toimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughtdevelopahabitthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelybetriggered(觸發(fā))bythesecues.A“habitloop(環(huán))”isaofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatednotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedasahabitis.Oldhabitscanbeshake,andhealthyhabitsoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,possibletoformnewhabits.Theamounttimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedWhileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthsbuildahealthyhabit.sometimetothinkaboutwhatleadsbadhabitsandreevaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40.Howarehabitsbuilt?________________________________________________________________41.Inwhatisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainPickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.________________________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，他發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議。請(qǐng)你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：(1)活動(dòng)形式；(2)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。注意：(1)詞數(shù)100(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，LiHua參考答案第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)，分)第一節(jié)(共分)【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章主要主要講述了作者很害羞，剛來到新學(xué)校后更加害羞，不愛說話。于是老師讓作者寫一篇五頁的“我為什么不應(yīng)該在課上講話”的文章。作者寫的文章很搞笑，第二天當(dāng)老師在課堂上讀作者的文章時(shí)，同學(xué)們都笑了起來。【1題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷靜的；D.happier更高興的。由上文“Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)”和“even”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以剛到新學(xué)校更加害羞了，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：初來乍到使我更加害羞，所以我應(yīng)該和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的。A.nod點(diǎn)頭；B.pointC.listenD.chat閑聊。由下文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣writeafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotinClass”.(現(xiàn)在我在付出代價(jià)——就“我為什么不應(yīng)該在班里說話”寫一篇五頁的文章)”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwant”可知，布萊克老師想知道我為什么不在班里說話的原因，由此可知，當(dāng)老師想讓我和同學(xué)們說話時(shí)，我認(rèn)為要我和身邊的任何人聊天這是很令人驚訝的，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于坐下來開始寫作時(shí)，我首先說出了布萊克老師想聽的理由。A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write寫；D.read讀。由上文“towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotinClass””可知，此處write是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，我開始寫這篇五頁的文章，故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：談話使我和我的鄰桌不能學(xué)習(xí)。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.planning計(jì)劃；D.laughing笑。由上文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣writeafivepageessayon“WhyIShouldNotinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwantto可知，現(xiàn)在我要寫一篇五頁的文章，那要花費(fèi)我一晚上，所以說和鄰桌談話會(huì)阻止我和鄰居學(xué)習(xí)，且以談話會(huì)妨礙學(xué)習(xí)來解釋，說明自己愛學(xué)習(xí)，這也是老師愿意聽到的，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：書頁開始飛逝。A.standingout突出；B.flyingby飛越；飛逝；C.breakingup分手；D.checkingin登記。由上文“theeducationIthrowingI’dturntheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewould“Sheusedtotalkinclass.””可知，我開始寫出很多內(nèi)容，所以此處用flyby來說明我很快寫出了很多頁，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)媽媽下班回家的時(shí)候，我仍然在抱怨，“五頁！這不可能！”A.celebrating慶祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。由下文““Fivepages!impossible!””可知，我認(rèn)為我不可能寫完這五頁的內(nèi)容，所以在抱怨，故選C。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我有點(diǎn)期待得到一種說教——至少一句“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”。A.lecture說教；B.reason原因；C.reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；D.solution解決辦法。由下文“atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”可知，“我希望你已經(jīng)吸取了教訓(xùn)”這是一種說教，故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，媽媽一邊讀一邊笑。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同時(shí)；D.Instead代替；反而。前后句子“Ihalfexpecteda______7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”和“mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.”內(nèi)容相反，應(yīng)用instead，我本期待得到媽媽的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，然而媽媽非但沒有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，反而在讀我的文章時(shí)一邊讀一邊笑，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我能判斷出他們不是在取笑我：他們笑是因?yàn)槲矣心芰χv一個(gè)有趣的故事。A.hope希望；imagine想象；C.tell告訴；看出，判斷出；區(qū)分；D.predict預(yù)計(jì)。由下文“theymakingofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunny”可知，我能判斷出來，他們笑是因?yàn)槲抑v的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推動(dòng)，但我確實(shí)學(xué)到了我在寫作的時(shí)候并不害羞。A.patience耐心；B.confidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence獨(dú)立。由下文“stillneededsomenudging(),butIdidlearnIinprint.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推動(dòng)，故選B。第二節(jié)(共分)【答案】threw12.exactly13.hadarrived【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在瑞士和法國體驗(yàn)到的不同的守時(shí)習(xí)俗?！绢}詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我舉辦了一個(gè)喬遷派對(duì)，當(dāng)所有30位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故填threw。【12題詳解】考查副詞。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要舉辦一個(gè)喬遷派對(duì)，當(dāng)所有位客人都準(zhǔn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我感到非常驚訝。修飾介詞短語ontime應(yīng)用副詞exactlyexactly?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：多年以后，搬到法國后，我在約定的時(shí)間赴宴，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有其他客人到場(chǎng)，女主人還穿著睡衣。從句中表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadarrived。【答案】14.seen15.cities16.hasestablished【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。紅樹林，生長(zhǎng)在陸地和海洋之間，有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲，到目前為止，中國已建立了一批紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。【14題詳解】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：從遠(yuǎn)處看，紅樹林顯得更加壯觀。逗號(hào)前面是when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的省略，當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語是同一主語時(shí)，且從句含有be動(dòng)詞，從句可以省略主語和be動(dòng)詞。在從句中，主語為themangroveforests，和動(dòng)詞see是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，完整形式為whentheyareseenfromafar，省略主語和be動(dòng)詞，故填seen?！?5題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：紅樹林有助于軟化海浪，保護(hù)城市免受沿海風(fēng)的侵襲。此處應(yīng)用名詞city作賓語，為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填cities。【16題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，中國已經(jīng)建立了一些紅樹林保護(hù)區(qū)。由Uptonow(到目前為止)可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語是China，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has，故填hasestablished?！敬鸢浮?7.18.where19.toaddress20.facing【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。尼娜在32個(gè)國家跑過馬拉松。她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)議。她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。她的努力鼓勵(lì)其他人參與到一場(chǎng)名為“藍(lán)色奔跑”的全球運(yùn)動(dòng)中來?！?7題詳解】考查介詞。句意：她所有的跑步活動(dòng)都有一個(gè)指導(dǎo)目的：呼吁人們關(guān)注全球水資源問題。表示“關(guān)注”短語為callattentiontoto?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動(dòng)，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個(gè)水會(huì)議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。故填toaddress?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知face與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，故填facing。第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié)，分)第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、B、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑?！敬鸢浮?1.B22.C23.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)成為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖的項(xiàng)目以及要求。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LearningSprint部分中“TheLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.(為期4周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺是一個(gè)虛擬學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，將于2023年月進(jìn)行。這些會(huì)議可以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀看，也可以在IOC頻道播出后觀看)”可知，在為期四周的學(xué)習(xí)沖刺中，參與者將參加虛擬學(xué)習(xí)課程。故選?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LearningSprint部分中“AftersuccessfullycompletingtheLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkselectedasIOC(在成功完成為期4周的沖刺學(xué)習(xí)后，您需要提交一份以體育為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃，如果您被選為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，您將參與其中)”可知，如果被選為國際奧委會(huì)青年領(lǐng)袖，需要做一個(gè)以運(yùn)動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“haveatleastoneyearofexperience.(你至少有一年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，對(duì)申請(qǐng)人的要求是至少一年工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B?！敬鸢浮?4.A25.DB27.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstarted“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwitharesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).當(dāng)我看到郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)，我的心跳加速了。這封郵件是這樣開頭的：“親愛的格林先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，“審核過程比預(yù)期的要長(zhǎng)?！毙诺慕Y(jié)尾是“我們很抱歉地通知你……”，我的視線模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒絕的郵件，所以推測(cè)作者在看到電子郵件發(fā)件人的名字時(shí)感到焦慮。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedobservetheworkbeingdoneinlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueherlab.WhatsheproposedseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.(因此，當(dāng)我收到這封郵件后不久，負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的瑪麗·德文教授邀請(qǐng)我去她的實(shí)驗(yàn)室觀察正在進(jìn)行的工作時(shí)，我感到非常震驚。我欣然接受了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，幾周后，當(dāng)她邀請(qǐng)我和她談?wù)勎铱梢栽谒膶?shí)驗(yàn)室里從事的潛在項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我同樣感到震驚——同時(shí)也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建議似乎沒有我最初申請(qǐng)的項(xiàng)目那么令人興奮，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，與德文教授交談后，作者決定全心全意地投入實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。故選D。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“IfoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertThatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsIntheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己和一個(gè)機(jī)器人教授一起研究從沙漠中遠(yuǎn)程收集數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。我可以在沙發(fā)上完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，而不是在沙漠的酷熱中完成，它不僅在封鎖期間幸存下來，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科學(xué)興趣去追求)”可推知，機(jī)器人學(xué)教授的項(xiàng)目很鼓舞人心。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheysoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.(我明白了有時(shí)候我需要抓住提供的機(jī)會(huì)，即使這些機(jī)會(huì)在當(dāng)時(shí)聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不變地制定計(jì)劃)”結(jié)合文章中作者結(jié)合自己被拒絕后得到了更好的職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，告訴我們最初的拒絕給予了更好的方向。故C選項(xiàng)“拒絕可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故選C。【答案】28.D29.C30.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。事實(shí)證明，人們對(duì)現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，專注于當(dāng)下有吸引力的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。)”提出一個(gè)問題——短期主義，接著下文“ThehistorianFrancisColethatthehasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.(歷史學(xué)家弗朗西斯?科爾（FrancisCole）認(rèn)為，西方已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)“只有現(xiàn)在存在的時(shí)代，現(xiàn)在的特點(diǎn)是瞬間的殘酷和無休止的現(xiàn)在的無聊”。)”引用歷史學(xué)家FrancisCole的話來強(qiáng)調(diào)只注重現(xiàn)在的這種短期主義的危害，由此可推知，文章引用FrancisCol的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)問題，故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedweakentheysendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateoftheyencounterisnothingoutofthe一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想削弱人類，他們不會(huì)派出飛船；他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化。的確，在環(huán)境變化的問題上，我們可以形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，每一代人都會(huì)認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況并沒有什么不同尋常的)”可知，一位心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)開玩笑說，如果外星人想要削弱人類，他們會(huì)發(fā)明氣候變化，通過這種方式來削弱人類，因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)于氣候變化形成一種集體的“記憶不良”，認(rèn)為他們所遇到的情況沒什么異常的，由此可推知人們不擅長(zhǎng)察覺出緩慢的變化，故選C。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年來，來自不同領(lǐng)域的研究人員一致認(rèn)為，短期主義現(xiàn)在是工業(yè)化社會(huì)的一個(gè)重大問題。)”提出一個(gè)問題——短期主義，和第二段“Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesInbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.onslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(犧牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifference事實(shí)證明人們對(duì)現(xiàn)在有偏見，以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，只專注于當(dāng)下引人注目的事物，而犧牲了未來自己或社區(qū)的健康、幸福和穩(wěn)定。在商業(yè)中，這種偏見表現(xiàn)為短視決策。在氣候變化等緩慢燃燒的問題上，這意味著不愿意今天做出小的犧牲，而這些犧牲可能會(huì)在明天產(chǎn)生重大影響。)”可知，文章主要講述了短視決策的危害，呼吁我們要做出有遠(yuǎn)見的思考。由此可推知，作者的寫作目的是告訴我們有遠(yuǎn)見的思考對(duì)人類的重要性，故選A。【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.D【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要探討了ALife是否也在不斷地進(jìn)化的問題。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.(盡管許多ALifer討厭強(qiáng)調(diào)他們研究的應(yīng)用，但創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試可能會(huì)有實(shí)際的回報(bào))”可知，作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試是會(huì)有回報(bào)的；再結(jié)合第二段“Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipeforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthedoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightwell,missingthepointhesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sotheworthartificiallife?