專題-10-高考英語語法【虛擬語氣】核心考點(diǎn)聚焦-高考英語

高考英語必背手冊(cè)專題十虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)一、if條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主句謂語動(dòng)詞從句謂語動(dòng)詞虛擬現(xiàn)在should/would/could/might＋do過去式(be用were)虛擬過去should/would/could/might＋havedonehad＋過去分詞虛擬將來should/would/could/might＋do過去式/weretodo/should＋do①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.②與過去事實(shí)相反Ifyouhadn'tencouragedme,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.如果不是你鼓勵(lì)我，我就不會(huì)被這所大學(xué)錄取。Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如來沒系的話，我會(huì)受傷的。Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenbroughtintouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.如果新的安全系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)投入使用，事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。③與將來事實(shí)相反Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.如果明天下雨的話，我就呆在家里。Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.格蕾絲不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住在那里，她就不能經(jīng)常看到她的父母了。④如果主句和從句是對(duì)不同時(shí)間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱為錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣。此時(shí)主句常有明顯的時(shí)間狀語。Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚不是看電視看得這么晚，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么困了。Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.如果你沒有把地圖丟了的話，我們現(xiàn)在就回到旅館了。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.也許如果當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)的是理科而不是文科，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】如果在表示虛擬語氣的if條件句中含有were,had或should,可將if省略，然后將were,had或should等詞置于句首，形成倒裝。Werehehere,everythingwouldbealright.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthetrip.如果明天下雨，我們就推遲旅行。Had

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如果我沒有留下那句話，我就不會(huì)有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。Hadthegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswouldn'thavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.要是沒有政府和科學(xué)家的合作，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)就不會(huì)從2005年的最高值降下來。Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.如果沒有老師的幫助，這個(gè)學(xué)生克服不了她的困難?？键c(diǎn)二、含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過條件狀語從句表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在某些詞或短語中，或隱含在上下文中，這叫含蓄虛擬語氣。常用的這類詞或短語有：由介詞（短語）with；without；butfor（要不是）等，或由連詞otherwise/or（否則）；and,；but；butthat（要不是；若非）等代替if條件句。Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworkontimewithoutyourhelp.如果沒有你的幫助，我不可能按時(shí)完成工作。Iwasillthatday,otherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.那天我病了，否則我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。Butforyourtimelywarning,wewouldhavegotintogreattrouble.要不是你及時(shí)警告，我們的麻煩就大了。Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.幸好我們訂了房間，否則我們現(xiàn)在就沒有地方住了。Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisetheywouldhaveaccomplishedthetaskinhalfthetime.工人們沒有被更好地組織，否則他們會(huì)用一半的時(shí)間完成任務(wù)。—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎？—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.—是的，不然我昨天就不可能聯(lián)系上她了。ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.要不是托馬斯·愛迪生，我們現(xiàn)在從中獲益的很多東西就不會(huì)存在?？键c(diǎn)三、虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用1.虛擬語氣用于其它狀語從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的讓步和方式狀語從句；inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞可用（should)doHelooksasifhewereanartist.他看起來像個(gè)藝術(shù)家。Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.他談?wù)撃瞧鹗鹿?，就好像他親眼看見過一樣。Keepquietincaseyou(should)interrupthim.保持安靜，以防你打斷他的話。Sheisnowstudyinghardforfearthatshe(should)failintheexam.她現(xiàn)在正努力學(xué)習(xí)，以免考試不及格。2.虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句①虛擬語氣用于主語從句之中在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見的形容詞或過去分詞有important，necessary，natural,surprising,vital，strange等。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理一些資料供我參考。Itisstrangethathe(should)fallinlovewithsuchasnobbishgirl.說來真怪，他竟與那位勢(shì)利的姑娘墜入情網(wǎng)。②demanded,required,desired,advised，suggested,ordered,decided,requested,recommended等用于句型“Itis+過去分詞＋that...”中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用“（should)do”形式Itisdemandedthatatomicweapons(should)beprohibited.根據(jù)要求禁止使用原子武器。Itisorderedthatyou(should)bepresentatthemeeting.根據(jù)命令，你必須出席會(huì)議。Itissuggestedthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.有人建議中學(xué)生每天至少鍛煉一小時(shí)。3.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句之中①在表示要求、命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后接的賓語從句中，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后接的同位語或表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見的此類動(dòng)詞：一堅(jiān)持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三要求(require,demand,request)、四建議(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)。AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI(should)holdabirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.因?yàn)榘职趾蛬寢屨J(rèn)為這對(duì)我來說是一個(gè)大場(chǎng)合，他們建議我在家里舉行一個(gè)生日聚會(huì)來慶祝它。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會(huì)給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。注意：當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，從句要用陳述語氣。Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默表明他同意我的決定。Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.他堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷過錢。Iproposethathe(should)putanadvertisementinthelocalpaper.我建議他在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上登一則廣告。TheyinsistthatI(should)staythereforsupper.他們堅(jiān)持要我留在那里吃晚飯。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾加入辯論隊(duì)，相信練習(xí)說話可以給他所需的信心和認(rèn)可。②wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：情況從句謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)與過去事實(shí)相反had＋過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Iwishthathevisitedustoday.但愿他今天來拜訪我們。Iwishthathehadvisitedus/couldhavevisitedusyesterday.要是他昨天來看我們就好了。Iwishthathewould/could/mightvisitustomorrow.我希望他明天能來看我們。Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.埃倫是一個(gè)極出色的舞者。我希望我能夠跳得和她一樣好。Ifeelsosick.Iwishmymotherhadn’tforcedmetoeatsomuch.我想嘔吐。我真希望我媽媽沒強(qiáng)迫我吃這么多。Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting；howIwishIhadansweredyourcall.當(dāng)你給我打電話的時(shí)候，我正在開會(huì)；我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.這個(gè)村子里的人們有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再獲得一次機(jī)會(huì)去更多地參與其中。③wouldrather所接的賓語從句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M；從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.我寧愿他前天和我一起去了海邊。Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.約翰現(xiàn)在想看我，但是我手頭有很多工作要做，我寧愿他明天來而不是今天。Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我們寧愿女兒待在家，陪在我們身邊，但是選擇權(quán)在她手里，畢竟她不再是個(gè)孩子了。④在wouldyoumind+if從句中用過去時(shí)態(tài)。比較：WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?如果我打開窗戶，你不反對(duì)吧?DoyoumindifIsmoke?我抽煙你不介意吧?⑤在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中；在Itisapity...，Itisashame...，Itisincredible...，Itisstrange...，Itisnowonder...等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中；在Iamsorry、Weweresurprised，Theyweredisappointed等結(jié)構(gòu)后的狀語從句中用should十動(dòng)詞原形(或完成形式)，表示驚奇、惶惑、懷疑、不滿等作用，意思為“竟然”，一般不可省略should。Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.真遺憾他竟會(huì)這樣自高自大。Ineverexpectedthattheproblemshouldbesocomplicated.我從來沒想到問題竟然會(huì)這樣復(fù)雜。Theyjustcouldn'tbelievethatthenewstadiumshouldbesobig.他們簡(jiǎn)直不相信新體育場(chǎng)竟會(huì)這樣大。5.虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句之中suggestion,proposal,demand,request,order,advice,desire等表示建議、要求、命令等名詞，后接的表語從句、同位語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形。Allmyrequestisthatyou(should)bethereearly.我唯一的請(qǐng)求就是你早點(diǎn)到那里。Myproposalwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建議是采取必要的措施保護(hù)孩子們免受危險(xiǎn)。Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies(should)besenttotheearthquake-strickenareasoon.馬上把醫(yī)療用品送到地震災(zāi)區(qū)的命令來了。Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建議是采取必要措施來保護(hù)孩子們遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)的境遇?？键c(diǎn)四、表示事與愿違的虛擬語氣的用法1.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該…Youshouldhavewornmoreclothesthatday.那天你本該多穿些衣服。2.shouldnothavedone/oughtnottohavedone本不應(yīng)該Weshouldn'thavelefthimhomealone.我們本不該把他一個(gè)人留在家里。3.besupposedtodo本應(yīng)該…Youaresupposedtodielikethat.像這樣死去的本該是你。4.besupposedtohavedone本應(yīng)該·Youaresupposedtohavereceivedtheletter.你本該早就收到那封信了。5.might(not)havedone可能(不可能)做過…Hemayhavefinishedhisworkalready.他可能已經(jīng)完成他的工作了。6.needn'thavedone本沒有必要.Youneedn'thavetypedtheletteryourself.你本不必自己把信打出來。7.couldhavedone本能夠…Icouldhavearrivedthereontime.我本來能夠按時(shí)到達(dá)。WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraged,myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowIcouldhaveavoidedthem.每當(dāng)我犯了錯(cuò)誤，感到氣餒的時(shí)候，我的老師和同學(xué)們都會(huì)幫助我弄清楚本該如何避免他們。8.wouldliketohavedone=wouldhavelikedtodo本打算做…Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilmbutanunexpectedfriendcamelastnight.昨天晚上我本打算去看電影，但是一個(gè)朋友來了。9.meant/planned/hoped/wanted/thought/intended/supposed/expected...+tohavedone=hadmeant/hadplanned/hadhoped/hadwanted/hadthought/hadintended/hadsupposed/hadexpected...+todo本打算……，本以為……Ihopedtohavepassedtheexam,butIfailed.=Ihadhopedtopasstheexam,butIfailed.我本以為能通過考試，但失敗了?？键c(diǎn)五、三個(gè)固定句式中的虛擬語氣句式現(xiàn)在虛擬過去虛擬將來虛擬ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句過去式had＋過去分詞would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句