適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高考題型組合練Unit2Understandingeachother課件牛津譯林版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit2

UnderstandingeachotherⅠⅡⅢⅠ.閱讀理解AAasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizeandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(擰)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.ⅠⅡⅢ“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.

Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt.“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”O(jiān)therstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages—madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分離)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ⅠⅡⅢArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.ⅠⅡⅢRatherthanrequirestep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在Carson

Middle

School八年級(jí)的機(jī)械工程課上,學(xué)生們不僅學(xué)會(huì)了通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進(jìn)行改造使周圍人的生活更加便利,而且還學(xué)會(huì)了站在他人的角度思考問題,關(guān)心他人的需求。ⅠⅡⅢ1.WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A.Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B.Shewasinterestedinengineering.C.Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D.Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.√推理判斷題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知,Aasritha要發(fā)明一種新的開瓶裝置是因?yàn)樗霂椭淖婺浮９蔬xD項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ2.Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A.Workingwithothers.B.Conductingfieldexperiments.C.Understandingothers’feelings.D.Communicatingwithproductusers.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的“They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,該課程教會(huì)學(xué)生們理解他人的感受。故選C項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ3.Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A.Withtheaidofaguidebook.B.Throughtrialanderror.C.Withthehelpofclassmates.D.Underthedetailedinstructions.√推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的“Rather

than

require

step-by-step

directions

for

creating

their

projects,Bolt

preferred

to

leave

students’

creative

paths

open.”可知,學(xué)生是通過自主探索、試驗(yàn)來完成創(chuàng)造的。故選B項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Aninspiringclass.B.Anexcellentteacher.C.Somescientificmethods.D.Sometalentedstudents.√主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第一段內(nèi)容和第三段中的“Students

in

the

class

used

more

than

their

math,physics

and

tool

skills.They

also

learned

to

look

at

problems

from

another’s

point

of

view”可知,文章主要講述Carson

Middle

School八年級(jí)的機(jī)械工程課幫助學(xué)生們創(chuàng)造了一些設(shè)備,同時(shí)教會(huì)學(xué)生從他人角度思考問題,因此文章主要講述了一門有啟發(fā)性的課。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢBYoudrinkdietsodaenjoyingthesweettastewithouttheguiltofcalories.Butscientistshavelongsuspectedalinkbetweenartificialsweeteners(甜味劑)andobesityinhumans.Anewstudysuggeststhatartificialsweetenersmaynotbeasharmlessasoncethought.Theymaynotonlydisturbthemicrobes(微生物)livinginthebodiesofhumans,butsomemayevenincreasetheriskofweightgain.ⅠⅡⅢEveryhumanhostsauniquegroupofmicrobes.Thenumberofcellsthatmakeupthisvastcommunity,calledmicrobiome(微生物群),isextremelylargeinthehumanbody.Itnotonlyhelpsdigestionbutalsoprotectsagainstdiseases.

Thedisturbancetothemicrobiomeoccursbecauseartificialsweeteners,

althoughzerocaloriesforhumans,serveasnutrientsforsomemicrobes,whichthenincreaserapidly.Thiscausesanimbalanceinmicrobialpopulationsthatcanleadtodiseases.ⅠⅡⅢInthestudy,scientistsfirstchose1,375volunteerstoseeiftheyconsumedartificialsweetenersintheirdailylives.Then,theyidentified120volunteerswhowerenotpreviouslyexposedtoartificialsweetenersandgavethemoneofthefourcommonlyusedsweeteners—saccharin,sucralose,aspartame,andsteviafortwoweeks.Afterthat,totesthowartificialsweetenersaffectthebody’sabilitytocontrolthesuddenincreaseofbloodsugarafterconsumingsugaraspartofmeals,volunteersweremonitoredforbloodglucose(血糖)

levelsafteratestglucosedrink.ⅠⅡⅢThestudyshowedthatsucraloseandsaccharinpushedthebodytowardsglucoseintolerance,which,ifsustained,cancauseweightgain.However,

aspartameandsteviadidnotaffectglucosetoleranceatthetestedlevels.“Thestudyisthefirsttoshowthatthehumanmicrobiomerespondstoartificialsweeteners.It’salsoaconvincingstudytoshowhowthesesweetenersreallyareaffectingthehumanbody,”saysMichaelGoran,aprofessoratChildren’sHospitalLosAngeles.ⅠⅡⅢ“Thisstudyprovidesevidenceofbothshort-termharmfuleffectsandlong-termnegativeeffectscausedbyartificialsweeteners,”DavidKatz,anutritionspecialist,says.“Thatdoesnotmeanartificialsweetenersshouldbereplacedwithsugar.Rather,alternativeapproachestoreducingsugarintakeshouldbeconsidered.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工甜味劑并非像人們?cè)?jīng)以為的那樣無害。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatdoesthenewstudyreveal?A.Dietsodacontainsmorecaloriesthansugarydrinks.B.Exercisecanhelppeoplereducetheriskofdiseases.C.Artificialsweetenershavenegativeeffectsonhumans.D.Obesityisthemostcommonhealthproblemamongadults.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A

new

study

suggests

that

artificial

sweeteners

may

not

be

as

harmless

as

once

thought.”可知,之前人們認(rèn)為喝無糖飲料無害健康,而這項(xiàng)新的研究表明,其中的人造甜味劑是有害健康的。故選C項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Howdosweetenersdisturbthemicrobiome?A.Itprobablydestroysthefunctionofdigestion.B.Itusuallycausesarapidlossofhealthycells.C.Itsometimesfeedsharmfulbacteriainthebody.D.Itoftenleadstoasharpgrowthofcertainmicrobes.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“The

disturbance

to

the

microbiome

occurs

because

artificial

sweeteners,although

zero

calories

for

humans,serve

as

nutrients

for

some

microbes,which

then

increase

rapidly.”可知,甜味劑為某種微生物提供營(yíng)養(yǎng),使它數(shù)量猛增,影響菌群平衡。故選D項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whichaspectoftheexperimentistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Itsresults.

B.Itsprocess.C.Itsbackground. D.Itssubjects.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“In

the

study,scientists

first

chose...Then,they

identified...and

gave

them...After

that,to

test...”可知,本段主要說了實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。故選B項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ8.WhatdoesDavidKatzadvisepeopletodo?A.Introduceataxonsugarydrinks.B.Bantheuseofartificialsweeteners.C.Raisethepricesofsugar-freedrinks.D.Findotherwaystolimitsugarintake.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“That

does

not

mean

artificial

sweeteners

should

be

replaced

with

sugar.Rather,alternative

approaches

to

reducing

sugar

intake

should

be

considered.”可知,David建議人們不要再喝有人工甜味劑的飲料,也不建議喝含糖飲料,而是應(yīng)該思考別的減少糖分?jǐn)z入的方法。故選D項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢCAnumberofrecentstudiesoffamiliesinseveralAsiancountrieshelptoshedlightonhowgrandparentsareinvolvedincoparenting,whichresearchersdefineasthesharingofchildcareandupbringingresponsibilityamongtwoormoreadults.Thesestudiessuggestthatchildrenbenefitwhenparentshavestrongrelationshipswithcoparentinggrandparents.ResearcherLiXiaoweiandhercoworkersrecentlyexploredparent-grandparentcoparentinginChina,whereitisverycommon.Intheir2019study,nearly180mothersofpreschoolerscompletedquestionnaires(問卷調(diào)查)abouttheircoparenting.Themajorityoffamilieslivedinthree-generationalhouseholds,and80%offamilieshadonlyonechild.ⅠⅡⅢThequestionnaireaskedaboutpositiveaspectsoftheparent-grandparentcoparentingrelationship,likehowmuchtheyagreedandfeltcloseaswellaschallengingaspectslikehowmuchtheyhadconflictinfrontofthechild.Theresearchersalsomeasuredhowcompetentmothersfeltinusingparentingstrategiesandteachingtheirchildrenage-appropriateskills.ⅠⅡⅢThefindings?Motherswhohadstrongcoparentingrelationshipswithgrandparentstendedtofeelmoreeffectiveintheirroleasaparent,and,inturn,theirchildrentendedtobemoresociallycompetent.That’sbecausegrandparents,withtheirrichexperience,canprovidesupport,rolemodeling,andencouragementwhentheyraisechildren,whichcouldinfluencehowcompetentmothersfeelintheirparentingrole.Andwhenmothersarefeelingmoreconfident,theycanapproachparentingwithmorepositivity,whichcanboosttheirchildren’ssocialdevelopment.ⅠⅡⅢParent-grandparentcoparentingalsoseemstoinfluenceotheraspectsofchildren’sdevelopment,suchaspreschoolers’effortfulcontrol—theirabilitytoregulatehowtheyrespondtoasituationandnoticenoveltyormistakes.Forpreschoolers,itmightcomeintoplaywhentheygetagifttheydon’tlike,orhavetofigureouthowtosharetoys.ⅠⅡⅢThisresearchongrandparentshighlightsthathandlingthecoparentingrelationshipisnotwithoutitschallenges.Butgrandparents’involvementinchildren’supbringingcanbringgreatbenefitsforfamiliesandgrandparentsthemselves.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于“孩子的祖父母與孩子的父母共同撫養(yǎng)孩子”的現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)孩子的父母與祖父母關(guān)系密切時(shí),這種共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系會(huì)使孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ9.Whatmightbeincludedinthequestionnaire?A.Grandparents’agegap.B.Thesupportgrandparentsgive.C.Theincomethefamilyhave.D.Grandparents’attitudetoeducation.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“The

questionnaire

asked

about

positive

aspects

of

the

parent-grandparent

coparenting

relationship,like

how

much

they

agreed

and

felt

close

as

well

as

challenging

aspects

like

how

much

they

had

conflict

in

front

of

the

child.”可知,問卷調(diào)查涉及共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系中積極的方面,由此推斷祖父母給予的支持屬于積極的方面。ⅠⅡⅢ10.Whatistheconclusionofthestudy?A.Parentsandgrandparentscangetalongwell.B.Mothers’abilityhasaneffectontheirchildren.C.Goodcoparentingrelationshipsbenefitchildren.D.Parent-grandparentcoparentingisbecomingpopular.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段末句、第四段末句以及尾段末句可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)良好的共同撫養(yǎng)關(guān)系會(huì)讓孩子受益。ⅠⅡⅢ11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Effortfulcontrol.B.Theresponse.C.Thedevelopment.D.Themistake.√詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段畫線詞前句和所在句子可知,父母和祖父母的共同養(yǎng)育會(huì)影響孩子的努力控制能力,因此當(dāng)孩子收到不喜歡的禮物或需要弄清楚如何分享玩具時(shí),這種控制力可能就會(huì)發(fā)揮作用。所以代詞it代指前句中的“努力控制能力”。ⅠⅡⅢ12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheTrendofCoparentingIsCatchingoninAsiaB.HowYoungParentsThinkofGrandparents’HelpC.CoparentingRelationshipsAreBecomingComfortableD.WhatHappensWhenGrandparentsHelpRaiseChildren√主旨大意題。文章在首段末句“These

studies

suggest

that

children

benefit

when

parents

have

strong

relationships

with

coparenting

grandparents.”提出調(diào)查結(jié)果:在孩子的祖父母與父母關(guān)系良好的情況下,共同撫養(yǎng)對(duì)孩子是有益的;然后詳細(xì)介紹了這項(xiàng)調(diào)查,最后在文章末尾再次重申這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),由此推斷D選項(xiàng)“What

Happens

When

Grandparents

Help

Raise

Children”可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinnercircle

1

toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneroreven

2

theentireevening.SoI

3

thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountlessvaluable

4

inmylife.

5

,mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto

6

withbabysittersmoretimesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave

7

careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheofficewaypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it

8

thebalanceofourfamily.

ⅠⅡⅢApartfromsufferingfrom

9

,whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto

10

ourownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI’mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButIwouldmakeeffortsto

11

andchatlaterthatday,

12

settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfindabedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch

13

.Iamalsoproudtohaveour“bigbreakfast”routineeverySaturday.Myhusbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson

14

himtomakethebreakfast.Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe

15

someday.Butnow,Iamhappytohavesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.widened B.formedC.lessened D.closed2.A.missed B.avoidedC.enjoyed D.recorded3.A.wasted B.treasuredC.limited D.calculated4.A.shows B.dishesC.recipes D.moments5.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Besides6.A.sleep B.dineC.study D.play7.A.suitable B.flexibleC.satisfying D.demanding8.A.maintains B.disturbsC.improves D.strikes9.A.fear B.angerC.guilt D.hunger10.A.predict B.createC.evaluate D.acceptⅠⅡⅢ11.A.workout B.calmdownC.holdon D.catchup12.A.unwillingly B.casuallyC.consciously D.carelessly13.A.louder B.shorterC.simpler D.sweeter14.A.assists B.guidesC.allows D.orders15.A.office B.kitchenC.house D.parkⅠⅡⅢ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時(shí)光”這一話題展開,體現(xiàn)親情的可貴。1.A

根據(jù)下文“to

include

relatives

stopping

by”可知,家里的用餐規(guī)模會(huì)擴(kuò)大,以容納這些來訪的親戚。2.A

根據(jù)空前“parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even...”可知,此處和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,即父母會(huì)在晚飯時(shí)間之后回家,甚至是錯(cuò)過一整個(gè)晚上。3.B

設(shè)空處上文提到“I

knew

some

friends

whose

parents

got

home

after

dinner

or

even

the

entire

evening”,因此,作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時(shí)光。

4.D

根據(jù)空前的“quality

time”可知,餐桌旁見證了“我”人生中無數(shù)珍貴的瞬間。ⅠⅡⅢ5.A

結(jié)合空前“kitchen

table,which

witnessed

countless

valuable

in

my

life”與下文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters”可知,作者小時(shí)候可以和父母共進(jìn)晚餐,但是作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐,因此形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

6.B

全文圍繞“一家人共進(jìn)晚餐”這個(gè)話題展開,所以這里指“吃飯”。7.D

設(shè)空前的內(nèi)容是作者和丈夫無法陪孩子共進(jìn)晚餐,空后內(nèi)容是他們經(jīng)常晚餐時(shí)間后才結(jié)束工作,由此推知,作者和丈夫有著要求很高的工作。8.B

根據(jù)上文“And

we

often

end

up

staying

at

the

office

way

past

dinnertime.When

this

happens

too

often”可知,當(dāng)父母總是無法陪孩子用餐時(shí),就會(huì)打亂家中的平衡。ⅠⅡⅢ9.C

聯(lián)系上文“They

have

been

left

to

with

babysitters

more

times

than

I

would

like

to

admit.”可知,“我”因不能與孩子共進(jìn)晚餐而感到愧疚。

10.B

根據(jù)下文“chat”“bedtime

reading”和“‘big

breakfast’routine

every

Saturday”可知,作者是在創(chuàng)造自己的方式與孩子度過親子時(shí)光。11.D

根據(jù)空前“there

are

days

when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,有時(shí)候“我”無法和家人一起用餐,所以“我”會(huì)努力彌補(bǔ)失去的親子時(shí)光。12.C

根據(jù)空前“I

would

make

efforts

to

and

chat

later”可知,“我”會(huì)有意識(shí)地收起手機(jī),避免外界的干擾。

ⅠⅡⅢ13.D

根據(jù)上文“when

I’m

too

busy

to

share

a

meal

with

my

family”可知,這讓作者認(rèn)為與孩子的睡前閱讀時(shí)光更加甜蜜。14.A

根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“My

husband

serves

as

the

head

chef”可知,作者的丈夫作為主廚,兒子輔助父親完成早餐。15.C

根據(jù)空前“I

am

aware

that

my

sons

are

growing

up

quickly”和下文“I

am

happy

to

have

so

many

wonderful

things

on

my

plate.”可知,此處指兒子們會(huì)離開家。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Afterbeingbusyforhalfayear,myparentsdecidedtodrivemetoascenicspotoutsidethecitytohavefun.Joyfully,weplannedourdrivingroute.Then,onaDecemberSaturdaymorning,mydadstartedhiscarandwesetoffwithgreatexpectations.Beforelong,weleftthenoisycityandcametothemountains.Therewerefewvehiclesontheroadandthetreesalongsidewerepretty.Wefeltsoexcited!ⅠⅡⅢAsafewhourspassed,wedroveontoanarrowroad.Andminuteslater,wefoundarivernotfarawayfromtheroad.Thebeachwasverywide,andwewantedtohavearestthereforawhile.Somydadturnedourcaranddrovetowardsit.Soon,weweredrivingonthesandybeach.Momentslater,ourcarwheelswerestrugglingintheincreasinglysoftsand.Butmydadwantedtogetclosertotheriver.ⅠⅡⅢBeforeheregrettedit,ourcarhadgotstuckinthesand.Mydadtriedtoturnaroundormoveback,butthecardidn’tmove.Wewereworried,trappedinthemiddleofnowhere.Evenworse,itbeganrainingandwascold.Wegotoutofthecarandtriedtopushit,butfailed.Afteracoupleofminutes,weweretiredandourhairandcoatswerealittlewet.Butthecaronlysankfurtherintothesand.Anxiously,wewalkedtotheroad,eagertostopavehicleandletithelppullourcaroutofthesand.Ourcoatsandhairwerewetterandwetter.Beforethejourney,wehadn’tpreparedumbrellasorcarriedanyfood.Now,wewerehungryandcold,standingintherain.Afterwaitingforalongtime,therewasn’tonevehiclepassing.ⅠⅡⅢJustwhenwewerehelpless,wesawafarmhousenotfaraway.“Cantheyhelpus?”Iasked.